Objective To investigate the current status of self-management in patients after mechanical heart valve replacement(MHVR) and the influential factors. Methods The convenience sampling method was used to obtain the sample in Chongqing Province, and 400 participants after MHVR at a month in 3 top three hospitals were recruited (Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the First Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. The Second Clinical Medical College of Third Military Medical University. The Third Clinical Medical College of Third Military Medical University). Self-Management Scale for patients after Mechanical Heart Valve Replacement edited by ourselves were used to collect the data. Results The score of patients were 79-119 (96.81 ± 7.86) points. The influential factors were sex, age, education level and the resident manner. Conclusions The self-management level of patients after MHVR is not so bad, the male, advanced age, live with distant relatives or housemaid, low education level's patients' self-management ability are low, the medical workers should strenghen health education in these patients.