In our previous studies substance P-immunoreactive nerve fibers have been demonstrated in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary in macaque monkeys, and they have been found to contact with somatotropes. The present study investigated the relationship of the substance P immunoreactive fibers to thyrotropes and corticotropes. Macaca mulatta monkeys were used. Sections of the anterior pituitary were double immunostained with antisera against either substance P and human thyroid stimulating hormone or substance P and human ACTH. Substance P immunoreactive varicosities were found to be in close proximity to thyrotropes and corticotropes. It is therefore suggested that a direct neural factor may take part in the regulation of TSH and ACTH secretion

The anterior pituitary gland of Macaca mulatta and M. assamensis were stained with antiserum against substance P. A substantial amount of substance P-immunoreactive (SP-ir) nerve fibers with numerous varicosities were found in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary. They were located in the median part of the gland and were distributed mainly in its dorso-posterior region. The great majority of the varicosities were found to be related to the glandular tissue, although some apparently were located along the wall of the blood sinuses. Also many SP immuno reactive cells, mostly large and oval, and were distributed at the periphers of the gland. In areas where both SP-ir nerve fibers and cells were present, many cells were found to be in close proximity to nerve fibers.

A small amount of CGRP-ir nerve fibers were found immunohistochemically with an antiserum directed against rat CGRP in all parts of the pars distalis of adenohypophysis in the rat. They occurred in small patches or as scattered fibers. More fibers were seen in the median and dorsal parts of the gland than in lateral and ventral parts. Bundle of CGRP-ir never fibers were often observed within the pia mater covering the pituitary for some distance before entering the parenchyma. A few CGRP-ir cells were observed in the center of the caudal part of the adenohypophysis. None of them were found to be related to the CGRP-ir fibers. The large number of varicosities present along nerve fibers suggests that they may play a role in the regulation of the functions of the adenohypophysis.

WGA-HRP retrograde tracing technique combined with immunohistochemical method was used to study the source of somatostatin postitive fibers in the posterior pituitary. Retrogradely labeled somatostatin immunoreactive cells distributed mainly in the periventricular area from the level of the anterior to posterior magnocellular paraventricular nucleus; single double labeled cells were also found in the periventricular areas at the level of the anterior commissure and posterior fornical nucleus. A few double labeled cells were seen in medial parvocellular paraventricular nucleus and the medial part of posterior magnocelluar paraventricular nucleus. The double labeled cells in the periventricular area lie mainly beneath the ependymal layer. Some were seen to intercalated in-between the ependymal cells, bringing themselves very close to the cerebrospinal fluid, but no direct fluid contacing elements were verified.

The WGA-HRP retrograde tracing combined with immunohistochemical method was used to study the sources of CCK positive fibers in the male rat posterior pituitary. The CCK positive neurons projecting to the posterior pituitary localized mainly in the paraventricular nucleus, periventricular areas,and medial preoptic area. A few double labeled neurons were demonstrated in the subependymal area of the interventricular foramen and the floor of the 3rd ventricle. The CCK positive neurons projecting to the posterior pituitary, which weakly stained, were found in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, lateral hypothalamic area and the dorsal part of the supraoptic nucleus, too. Our result showed much more distribution of CCK-ir neurons projecting to the posterior pituitary in the hypothalamus than Palkovits′conclusion that the CCK positive fibers in posterior pituitary almost all originated from the magnocellular paraventricular nuclei. Some double labeled neurons in periventricular area were closely approximte to 3rd venticular cavity which suggested that these neurons may monitor the changes in the cerebrospinal fluid.

Objective To investigate the effect of all-trans retinoic acid on the change in intracellular glycogen in ovarian epithelioma cell line in vitro and ovarian epithelial carcinoma in nude mice in vivo. Methods COC2 cells were treated with all-trans retinoic acid in 1, 5, 10 and 30?mol/L drug concentrations for different length of time, and then intracellular glycogen and LDH were determined by biochemistry assay. Morphologic changes were observed with light and electron microscopy. CAOV3 tumor-bearing nude mice were treated with intragastric injection of the same drug in a dose of 2mg/(kg?d) for four weeks. The tumor samples were harvested thereafter for pathological study with histochemical and immunohistochemical staining, and also with electron microscopy. Results Intracellular glycogen was significantly increased, while LDH level was lowered after the cell line was treated with 5~10?mol/L of all-trans retinoic acid, and apoptosis of cancer cell occurred after using 30?mol/L of the drug. These changes were also observed in CAOV3 cells of tumor-bearing nude mice. Conclusion Our results suggest that treatment with all-trans retinoic acid resultin an increase in intracellular glycogen and decrease in LDH level both in COC2 cells in vitro and in CAOV3 tumor-bearing nude mice in vivo, and the suppression of tumor cell proliferation may be attributed to retarded intracellular metabolism.

A mixture of cholera toxin conjugated HRP and WGA-HRP was injected into the posterior pituitary of the rat. The retrograde tracing technique was combined with immunohistochemistry to study the source of dopaminergic input to the posterior pituitary. Retrogradely labeled tyrosin hydroxylase-immunoreactive cells were found in the A14 dopaminergic cell group and the retrochiasmatic area. Scattered double labeled cells were also found in the ventral part of A 15.

Comparative investigation of the distribution of galanin-immunoreactive (GAL-ir) nerve fibers in the neural lobe of the human being, monkey, dog, cat and rat was studied immunohistochemically. The density of GAL-ir fibers in the posterior pituitary was highest in the dog and rat, moderate in the monkey and cat; and lowest in the human being. A dense accumulation of positive fibers appeared in the pituitary stalk bordoring the intermediate lobe. The fiber density in the central part of the posterior pituitary was slightly higher than at its periphery in the human and monkey. Moderate amount of fibers were found to spread all over the neural lobe of the dog and rat, with slightly higher density in the posterior part of the dog. In the cat, the highest density of GAL-ir fibers was found along the wall of the recess hypophysis. A slightly increasing fibers or fiber clumps were seen in the peripheral region of posterior pituitary in four species of the animals and human being. Some fibers were found surrounding the blood vessels or located in their walls.

In order to advance the public hospital reform, the performance tests and management were strengthened to promote the rapid development of the hospital. The status of average daily bed ocupation, the number of outpatients and the natural birth rate increased while the drug proportion declined. Some departments were the top level in Hebei, departments of gynaecology and pediatrics were in the leading level in Tangshan.

Objective: To summarize the recent research progress in the influence of quercetin on drug metabolizing enzymes. Methods:By referring to the relevant literatures at home and abroad in recent years, the paper summarized, analyzed and concluded the the influence of quercetin on drug metabolizing enzymes. Results: Quercetin could modulate the phase Ⅰmetabolic enzyme cyto-chrome P450 ( CYP) and the phase Ⅱ metabolic enzymes uridine diphosphate - glucuronosyltransferase enzyme ( UGTs) , sulfotrans-ferase ( SULTs) and glutathione S-transferase ( GSTs) to influence the in vitro and in vivo metabolism of a lot of drugs. Meanwhile, the modulation of quercetin on the metabolic enzymes demanded the participation of various nuclear receptors. Conclusion:Quercetin shows the inhibitory or inducing effect on a variety of drug-metabolizing enzymes, therefore, it can interact with other drugs.