MicroRNA (miRNA),sharing the character of regulating the transcriptional level and expression level of mRNAs,is one kind of small non-coded RNAs.At present,innate immune has become one of the hot topics for researchers,and miRNAs as a sort of bioactive substance greatly take part in the whole regulation progress.In detailed,miRNAs can influence the immune state of immune cells during innate immune period and further regulate inflammatory conditions in whole body.By systematically summarizing miRNA function during innate immunity,this present review may provide a reference for peer researchers.

Objective To summary the experience of surgical types selection of chronic suppurative otitis media tympano‐plasty and evaluate its clinical curative effect .Methods Chronic suppurative otitis media patient records were collected ,surgical types selection based on hearing ,otoscope and mastoid CT selection .Finally 161 chronic suppurative otitis media patients (164 ears) whoes medical records and follow‐up of contents were complete were collected ,in which type Ⅰ tympanoplasty group with 40 ears , intact bridge radical mastoidectomy+ type Ⅰ tympanoplasty group with 30 ears ,and open radical mastoidectomy+type Ⅱ tympan‐oplasty group with 94 ears .The therapeutic effects of the three surgical methods for the treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media were evaluated from hearing ,quality of life as well as satisfactory score after surgery .Results The mean values of the air conductive hearing thresholds after operation in the three tympanoplasty groups were decreased than those before operation (all P<0 .05) ,while the mean values of the bone conductive hearing thresholds after operation showed no obvious changes (all P>0 .05) .There were no statistically significant improvements in the air conductive hearing thresholds in the three tympanoplasty groups (P>0 .05) .The improvements in patient′s subjective hearing of the there surgical methods were 82 .5% ,70 .0% and 83 .0%respectively ,there was no statistically significant (P>0 .05) .The improvements in the overall quality of life of the three surgical methods were 80 .0% ,80 .0% and 79 .8% respectively ,showed no statistically significant differences (P>0 .05);the reduction rate of patient′s worry about illness were 90 .0% ,93 .3% and 95 .7% ,showed no statistically significant differences (P>0 .05);the bas‐ic satisfaction rates in the postoperative satisfaction ratings of the three surgical methods were 100 .0% ,100 .0% and 97 .9% ,and there were no statistically significant differences (P>0 .05) .Conclusion For tympanoplasty in chronic suppurative otitis media pa‐tients ,surgical types selection based on hearing ,otoscope ,mastoid CT selection and intraoperative findings .From the evaluation of postoperative patients with hearing and quality of life ,three surgical methods of chronic suppurative otitis media Tympanoplasty a‐chieve satisfactory results .

Objective: To investigate the correlation between serum lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP-2), LAMP-2 antibody levels and the progression of renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: A total of 80 patients with CKD 3 to 5 stage (CKD group) and 50 healthy controls (control group) from August 2016 to August 2017 in Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine were enrolled. The levels of hemoglobin, creatinine, urea, albumin, LAMP-2 and LAMP-2 antibody in fasting elbow venous blood of 2 groups were detected, and the estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated. The CKD patients were followed up for 1 year, and renal function deterioration was defined as eGFR declined more than average value; the follow-up was over when the patients started dialysis or died, and those patients also defined as renal function deterioration. The patients were divided into high level group and low level group according to the serum LAMP-2 and LAMP-2 antibody levels. Results: The eGFR, hemoglobin and albumin in CKD group were significantly lower than those in control group: (24.60 ± 5.79) ml/min vs. (119.20 ± 9.52) ml/min, (111.36 ± 24.41) g/L vs. (144.60 ± 17.85) g/L and (36.83 ± 3.84) g/L vs. (45.92 ± 6.37) g/L, the creatinine, urea, LAMP-2 and LAMP-2 antibody were significantly higher than those in control group: (306.17 ± 49.24) μmol/L vs. (83.24 ± 5.55) μmol/L, (15.17 ± 3.39) mmol/L vs. (5.57 ± 1.33) mmol/L, (24.76 ± 5.47) μg/L vs. (12.93 ± 4.43) μg/L and (20.33 ± 4.89) μg/L vs. (9.98 ± 2.20) μg/L, and there were statistical differences (P<0.01). All 80 patients with CKD patients completed follow-up, and the follow-up time was 3 to 12 (8.14 ± 1.95) months. The eGFR at the end of followed-up was significantly lower than that at enrolment: (19.38 ± 7.30) ml/min vs. (24.60 ± 5.79) ml/min, the creatinine and LAMP-2 antibody at the end of followed-up were significantly higher than those at enrolment: (397.56 ± 52.32) μmol/L vs. (306.17 ± 49.24) μmol/L and (22.35 ± 4.74) μg/L vs. (20.33 ± 4.89) μg/L, and there were statistical differences (P<0.01); there were no statistical differences in hemoglobin, albumin, urea and LAMP-2 between the end of follow-up and enrollment (P>0.05). Among the 80 patients with CKD, renal function deterioration was in 42 cases, and renal function stability was in 38 cases. In renal function deterioration patients, the eGFR and urea at the end of followed up were significantly lower than those at enrolment: (18.28 ± 6.92) ml/min vs. (24.46 ± 5.76) ml/min and (13.51 ± 1.92) mmol/L vs. (14.81 ± 3.32) mmol/L, the creatinine, LAMP-2 and LAMP-2 antibody at the end of followed up were significantly higher than those at enrolment: (412.47 ± 53.21) μmol/L vs. (303.16 ± 47.87) μmol/L, (29.07 ± 5.42) μg/L vs. (25.89 ± 5.39) μg/L and (25.03 ± 3.30) μg/L vs. (20.95 ± 4.86) μg/L, and there were statistical differences (P<0.01 or <0.05); there were no statistical differences in hemoglobin and albumin between the end of follow-up and enrolment (P>0.05). In renal function stability patients, the eGFR at the end of follow-up was significantly lower than that at enrolment: (20.38 ± 7.58) ml/min vs. (24.73 ± 5.89) ml/min, the creatinine at the end of follow-up was significantly higher than that at enrolment: (381.07 ± 46.64) μmol/L vs. (309.49 ± 51.15) μmol/L, and there were statistical differences (P<0.01); there were no statistical differences in hemoglobin, albumin urea, LAMP-2 and LAMP-2 antibody between the end of follow-up and enrolment (P>0.05). In CKD patients, 38 cases were in LAMP-2 high level group (≥ 24.75 μg/L), and 42 cases were in LAMP-2 low level group (<24.75 μg/L); 38 cases were in LAMP-2 antibody high level group (≥ 20.33 μg/L), and 42 cases were in LAMP-2 antibody low level group (<20.33 μg/L). Kaplan-Meier curve analysis result showed that the renal function deterioration risk in LAMP-2 high level group was significantly higher than that in LAMP-2 low level group, LAMP-2 antibody high level group was significantly higher than that in LAMP-2 antibody low level group, and there were statistical differences (P<0.01). Conclusions Serum LAMP-2, LAMP-2 antibody levels are increased in patients with CKD, and higher serum LAMP-2 and LAMP-2 antibody levels may be associated with high risk of adverse kidney outcomes and become a promising marker to predict CKD progression.

Objective To analyze the quality of life among adults with chronic suppurative otitis media,and to research the chan-ges of the life quality between preoperative and postoperative.Methods We modified the chronic ear survey(CES)through inter-view adults with chronic suppurative otitis media.The modified scale (Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media Outcome Survey)was ad-ministered to 110 patients in a prospective manner,and then was validated according to established criteria for reliability and validi-ty.Then we assessed the outcomes of surgeries for chronic suppurative otitis media.Results The chronic suppurative otitis media outcome survey includes 17 entries,and was divide into four dimensions.Excellent test-retest reliability was obtained for the survey score (R=0.967).Cronbach′s α correlation coefficient were calculated as 0.864 for the total survey.Criterion validity showed a high correlation between scores on chronic suppurative otitis media outcome survey and scores on CES (R=0.977,P <0.01).U-sing principal components extraction with orthogonal rotation,it was performed on the composite data set,and this yielded a four-factor solution that explained 70.394% of the variance.The average score of patients before surgery was 51.660±10.762,post-op-erative scores was 75.893 ± 7.734.The total score wasn′t significantly changed after the surgery,and the average value was 24.23±7.67 (t=24.653,P <0.01).Conclusion The chronic suppurative otitis media outcome survey is a reliable and valid meas-ure of quality of life for adults with chronic suppurative otitis media,and it is more suitable than the CES in outcomes studies and clinical trials.

Endoplasmic reticulum plays a key role in both basic structure formation and function performance of microenviron-ment. Endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis unbalance caused by endoplasmic reticulum stress has become a hot research topic in recent years. This paper focuses on the role of endoplasmic retic-ulum stress in ischemic stroke. Research progress of related sig-naling pathways were reviewed, especially mechanisms through which endoplasmic reticulum stress trigger the inflammatory reac-tion, so as to provide a new research method for prevention of is-chemic stroke.

Objective: To explore the association between preeclampsia/eclampsia and maternal and fetal angiotensinogen SNPs. Methods: From January 2008 to October 2015, a case-parents/mother-control designed study was conducted among 347 preeclampsia/eclampsia cases and 700 controls to collect related information on their demographic characteristics and to detect the related angiotensinogen SNPs’ genotypes. Both log-linear and unconditional logistic regression methods were employed to investigate the genetic effects of maternal/fetal angiotensinogen SNPs on preeclampsia/eclampsia. Multivariate binary unconditional logistic regression model and covariance were used to analyze the relationship between BMI before pregnancy, weight gain during pregnancy and overweight and obesity in preschool children. Results: Both fetal angiotensinogen rs3789679 GA and AA genotype were associated with the reduced risks of preeclampsia/eclampsia, with ORs as 0.73 (95%CI: 0.55-0.96) and 0.62 (95%CI: 0.39-0.98), respectively. For fetal angiotensinogen rs2493132, individuals that carrying the TT genotype, presented a positive association with the risk of preeclampsia/eclampsia, with OR as 1.60 (95%CI: 1.08-2.37). However, these associations were not statistically significant after the correction of the false discovery rate. It was observed that fetal rs3789679 could reduce the risk of preeclampsia/eclampsia (OR=0.73, 95%CI: 0.55-0.96) under the dominant model (GA+AA/GG) while fetal rs2493132 increased the risk of preeclampsia/eclampsia (OR=1.66, 95%CI: 1.13-2.44) under the recessive model (TT/CC+CT). Maternal rs5051 presented an association with preeclampsia/eclampsia (OR=1.33, 95%CI: 1.01-1.76) under the dominant model (TC+CC/TT). Conclusions Results from the dominant model showed that both fetal rs3789679 GA and AA genotype reduced the risk of preeclampsia/eclampsia and maternal rs5051 TC while CC genotype increased the risk of preeclampsia/eclampsia. Fetal rs2493132 TT genotype seemed to be associated with the risk of preeclampsia/eclampsia under the recessive model.

As a traditional Chinese medicine, Valeriana jatamansi has a long history of application in China. It is widely distributed and commonly adopted by many ethnic groups. In particular, its roots have a wide range of medicinal value. With the increasingly more attention on it from domestic and foreign researchers, there have been more and more studies on its pharmacological activity and mechanism. This essay summarizes domestic and foreign reports on its pharmacological activity and mechanism.
Animals ; Anti-Infective Agents ; pharmacology ; Antihypertensive Agents ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Central Nervous System Depressants ; pharmacology ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; drug effects ; Humans ; Plant Extracts ; adverse effects ; pharmacology ; Valerian

ObjectiveTo analyze the gender differences in the pathogen distribution and drug susceptibility of bacteria causing urinary tract infection among psychiatric inpatients in a hospital in Guangzhou， and to provide a basis for clinical diagnosis and rational use of drugs in treatment. MethodsClinical data of 326 psychiatric patients complicating urinary tract infection in a hospital in Guangzhou from 2019 to 2020 were retrospectively analyzed， including 126 males and 200 females. Data including gender， age， identification results of urinary tract pathogens from urine samples and drug susceptibility results were collected. The differences in bacterial distribution and drug resistance rate of urinary tract infection pathogens in patients of different genders were analyzed. ResultsA total of 326 strains of urinary tract infection bacteria were isolated， including 103 strains （31.60%） of multi-drug resistant bacteria. Male and female urinary tract infection in patients with multi-drug resistant bacteria were detected 52 strains （41.27%） and 51 strains （25.50%）， the detection rate of multi-drug resistant bacteria in female patients was significantly higher than that in male patients， with statistical difference （χ²=8.895， P<0.01）. In terms of bacterial distribution， the composition ratio of Escherichia coli in female patients was higher than that in male patients （χ²=14.794）， while the composition ratio of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was lower than that in male patients （χ²=13.665， 4.054）， with statistical difference （P<0.05 or 0.01）. The drug susceptibility results showed that Escherichia coli isolated from female patients were less resistant to various antibiotics such as ampicillin/sulbactam， aztreonam， cefepime， ceftazidime， levofloxacin， imipenem and meropenem than those from male patients （χ²=5.028~17.680， P<0.05 or 0.01）. ConclusionThe prevalence rate and bacterial distribution of psychiatric patients complicating urinary tract infection differ between patients of different genders， furthermore， the rate of drug resistance for Escherichia coli is lower in female patients than that in male patients.

Cashmere, also known as soft gold, is produced from the secondary hair follicles (SHFs) of cashmere goats. The number of SHFs determines the yield and quality of cashmere; therefore, it is of interest to investigate the transcriptional profiles present during cashmere goat hair follicle development. However, mechanisms underlying this development process remain largely unexplored, and studies regarding hair follicle development mostly use a murine research model. In this study, to provide a comprehensive understanding of cellular heterogeneity and cell fate decisions, single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on 19,705 single cells of the dorsal skin from cashmere goat fetuses at induction (embryonic day 60; E60), organogenesis (E90), and cytodifferentiation (E120) stages. For the first time, unsupervised clustering analysis identified 16 cell clusters, and their corresponding cell types were also characterized. Based on lineage inference, a detailed molecular landscape was revealed along the dermal and epidermal cell lineage developmental pathways. Notably, our current data also confirmed the heterogeneity of dermal papillae from different hair follicle types, which was further validated by immunofluorescence analysis. The current study identifies different biomarkers during cashmere goat hair follicle development and has implications for cashmere goat breeding in the future.