We have reported previously a peculiar type of neurons in the submucous nerve plexus in the intestine of guinea pigs, and named them tentatively the ′paralymphatic neurons′. In order to further study this type of neurons, the immunohistochemical observation for neuron specific enolase (NSE) reactivity of the enteric nerve plexus in guinea pigs was carried out in this investigation. We found that all the neurons in the enteric nerve plexus showed NSE positive reaction. The paralymphatic neurons located closely against to lymphatic vessels in submucous nerve plexus in small intestine and colon also exhibited same NSE positive reaction as other neurons. All the smooth muscle and connective tissue cells were NSE negative. Most of the paralymphatic neurons exhibited typical morphological features of neurons. Although some cells did not show obvious neuronal characters, but they all presented the same positive reactivity. Hence, this study provide another reliable evidence to confirm the exact neuronal nature of the paralymphatic neurons.

0. 05) in a year, respectively. Conclusions FK506 was an effective and high safe basic immunosuppressant in long-term application in renal transplant recipients, especially suitable for children and old recipients. To those patients with DM, FK506 had almost the same influence on the glucose metabolism as the CsA.

32,16,16.Combined with azithromycin were8,16,16,8.MEM,CAZ,CIP combined with AMK were 1,4,8.AMK combined with CIP were 4.Conclusion Compared with sole,MEM,CAZ,CIP combined with azithromycin can reduce the MPC and SI of antibiotics alone to pseudomonas aeruginosa and restrain the drug-resistant mutants.But the capacity of preventing mutants arise were weaker than combined with AMK.AMK combined with azithromycin can't reduce the SI.But when combined with CIP,the SI of AMK were reduced greatly.

Hypertension is classified to fire-heat constitution,yang deficiency constitution,phlegm-wet constitution and yin deficiency causing predominant yang constitution on base of consititutional theory. The therapeutic method of TCM is to modify the unbalance of constitution of hypertension patient.

The submucous plexus of the gastrointestinal tract in 20 guinea pigs were studied by histochemical methods for Nissl bodies and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and immunohistochemieal technique for somatostatin (SOM). We found that some neurons in the submueous plexus were located against the lymphatic vessels or even protruded toward the lumen, and only a basement membrane separated the endotheliocytes from the neurons. Thus we refer them as "paralymphatic neurons". The neurons were spindle, pear-like or polygonal in shape and all showed AChE positive reaction, but some of them exhibited SOM positive reaction. So, the paralymphatie neurons were different in property. According to the close appositional relationship between the neurons and lymphatic vessels, we infer that this peculiar type of neurons might be similar to the "cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons" in the ependyma and might have the function of neurosecretion or reception of the changes of chemical composition in the lymph. Paralymphatie neurons existed mainly in small intestine, rarely in colon and were not seen in gastric corpus and pyloric region. This suggested that the neurons might play a more important role in small intestine.

OBJECTIVE To study whether the ciprofloxacin(CIP)combined with amikacin(AMK)will decrease the drug-resistant mutants of Escherichia coli(ECO)in vitro.METHODS The MIC of CIP and AMK alone was determined by agar plates dilution method,and the combined MIC by checkerboard method.The mutant prevention concentration(MPC)both alone and combined was determined by the method of agar plates dilution method,and then the value of selectiveity index(SI)(MPC/MIC)would be acquired.RESULTS The SI of two antibiotics separatedly were 16(CIP)and 32(AMK).When two antibiotics combined,if the concentration of AMK and CIP reached 2MIC could restrain the mutants.After these two antibiotics combined,the value of SI(MPCcombined/MICcombined)came to be 8(0.008/0.001)and 8(2.0/0.25).CONCLUSIONS Compared with alone,CIP and AMK combined can decrease the MPC and SI to ECO,and have the more effect to AMK.In this way,we can reduce the drug-resistant mutants.

Objective To study the protein levels of fibronectin (Fn) in the sinoatrial node tissues of hearts caused by electric shock death ,and to provide a new theoretical basis for the diagnosis of electric shock death and the identification of death time.MethodsUsing immunohistochemical technique(S-P method) to detect protein levels of 15 cases of human sinoatrial node following electrocution(human experimental group),15 cases of human sinoatrial node with severe traumatic cerebral injury(human control group),35 cases of rabbit sinoatrial node following electrocution(rabbit experimental group ,divided into7 groups according to different sampling time: 0 h ,1 h ,3 h ,6 h ,12 h,24 h.48 h),and 35 cases of rabbit sinoatrial node with broken neck executed(rabbit control group ,divided int0 7 groups according to different sampling time :0 h,1 h.3 h,6 h.12 h.24 h,48 h).ResultsFn positive expression rate in human experimental group was 100% while it was 6.67% in the human control group,and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.01 ).The Fn expression can be seen after electric shock immediately in the rabbit experimental group,and there was statistical difference compared with the rabbit control group (P < 0.05).Distribution of Fn expression became more and more widely after 3 hours t0 12 hours in the rabbit experimental group ,and there was significant difference compared with the rabbit control group(P < 0.01).The Fn expression began to decrease 24 hours after electrocution,ancl it still had statistical significance 48 hours after electrocution compared with the rabbit control group (P < 0.05).Conclusion Electric shocks significantly enhanced the expression of Fn protein levels in the sinoatrial node tissues , and optical density of Fn positive expression has a regularity change along with the extended time of death.These results could provide a theoretical reference basis for forensic diagnosis of electrocution and identification of death time.

By using electron microscopy, the paranodal region and axo-glial junction were examined in optic nerves of rats aged 14 days. The paranodal region was characterized in longitudinal sections by the sequential termination of the myelin lamellae, beginning proximally with the innermost and ending, at the Ranvier node, with the outermost lamella. The termination of each lamella was accom- panied by a separation of the major dense line of the compact myelin and the consequent formation of a "loop" of glial cytoplasm. Each paranodal loop inde- nted the axonal surface as it became junctionally apposed to the axolemma. The periaxonal extracellular space, 10-20nm in width in the internodal region and reduced at the paranodal junction to approximately 3nm, forming an axo-glial junction, which was thought to be held together by dense structure. The parano- dal junction seems to serve strong adhesion between the apposed axonal and glial membranes. Conduction of the nerve impulses in myelinated axons was saltatory. Axons and sheath cells probably maintain vital communication with one another, presumably at the paranodal junctional complex. This communication was viewed as vital to the stability and maintenance of myelin. We found some clear vesi- cles in axoplasm near the Ranvier node and speculated that there were endocyto- sis and exocytosis in paranodal region. This was a direct morphological evidence supporting metabolic coupling between axons and sheeth cells.

Objective To study the effect of compatibility of Flos Carthami and Semen Persicae in different ratios on the contents of hydroxysafflor yellow A(HSYA) in their water decoction.Methods Reverse-phase HPLC was performed on a Luna C18 column(4.6 mm?150 mm,5?m) at 30℃.The mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.12 mmol?L-1 phosphate solution(28∶72,V/V) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL? min-1.The detector was operated at wavelength of 403nm.Results A good linearity of HSYA was obtained in the range of 4.0～160.0?g?mL-1(Y=25 396X+40 247,r=0.999 7),the average recovery was 94.76% and the RSD(n=6) was 2.93%.The amount of HSYA increased with the ratio of Flos Carthami,but had no correlation with the ratio of Semen Persicae.Conclusion The HPLC method for determination of HSYA is simple,fast and accurate.It can be used for the quality control of Flos Carthami and its compound preparations.Semen Persicae has no effect on the extraction of HSYA.

Objective To explore the function of the baseline model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores,MELD-Na scores and iMELD scores in short-term prognosis in the initial treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) related acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) patients.Methods 232 HBV-related ACLF patients who received initial treatment in 302 Military Hospital of China from January 2011 to January 2013 were enrolled in this prospective clinical follow-up.The relationship between the baseline MELD scores,MELD-Na scores,iMELD scores and clinical outcomes were analyzed,and the value of these three models for short term prognosis was assessed.Results Finally the 12-week clinical follow-up was completed in 191 patients,with the completion rate of 82.33％.Eighty-five patients died,with the fatality rate of 44.50％.Compared with the survival group,in non-survival group,the baseline of MELD scores (26.65 ± 7.75 vs.21.19 ± 5.42,t=-5.720,P=0.000),MELD-Na scores (29.16 ± 11.35 vs.21.72 ± 6.33,t=-5.729,P=0.000),iMELD scores (47.19 ± 10.96 vs.38.02 ±7.01,t=-7.011,P=0.000),total bilirubin [TBil (μmol/L):374.3 ± 150.1 vs.305.5 ± 147.1,t=-3.182,P=0.002],creatinine [Cr (μmol/L):110.7 ±90.1 vs.71.1 ± 35.1,t=-4.157,P=0.000] and international normalized ratio (INR:2.3 ± 0.9 vs.2.0 ± 0.6,t=-2.754,P=0.006) were significantly increased,but the baseline of serum Na+ (mmol/L:132.8 ± 6.1 vs.136.7 ± 5.1,t=4.861,P=0.000) was significantly lowered.It was shown by Spearman correlation analysis thai the baseline MELD scores,MELD-Na scores and iMELD scores all had positive correlation with the short-term prognosis of patients (r value was 0.398,0.404,and 0.470,respectively,all P=0.000),the baseline of serum Na+ had a negative correlation with the short-term prognosis of patients (r=-0.365,P=0.000).It was shown by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) that the cut-off scores of the baseline of MELD scores,MELD-Na scores and iMELD scores were 25.07,25.43 and 43.11 respectively,and the area under ROC curve (AUC) of the baseline of MELD scores,MELD-Na scores and iMELD scores were 0.731,0.735 and 0.773,respectively.The sensitivity of the three models was 55.3％,57.7％,63.5％,and the specificity was 84.9％,84.0％,84.9％ respectively.The value of the three models had no difference in short-term prognostic prediction.According to the respective cut-off score,the three prediction models were divided into four groups,and all of them had differences in fatality rate on the whole (x2 for MELD scores was 34.740,P=0.000; x2 for MELD-Na scores was 36.861,P=0.000; x2 for iMELD scores was 50.127,P=0.000).The mortality was elevated gradually as the equation scores increased.Conclusion The baseline of MELD scores,MELD-Na scores and iMELD scores can predict well the short-term prognosis of the initial treatment in HBV-related ACLF patients,and have relatively good clinical value for guiding therapy.