Objective To observe the effects and mechanism of ischemic postconditioning(IPo) on alleviating injuries of small intestine and remote organs induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR).Methods A total of 48 rabbits were divided randomly into three groups(n =16 in each):the Sham group,the IR group and the IPo group.After 2 hours of reperfusion,arterial and venous blood and tissues of intestine,liver and lung were harvested.The levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 and IL-10 in arterial blood and levels of ALT,AST,BUN,Cr,LDH,CK-MB activity and endotoxin in venous blood were tested.MDA, CAT,SOD and MPO levels in serum,small intestine,liver and lung were also measured.HE staining was performed for observation of injured intestinal mucosa.Bacterial translocation rate was calculated after bac-teria culture.Results Compared with the IR group,MDA and MPO levels in serum,small intestine,liver and lung decreased in the IPo group,while CAT and SOD levels increased obviously.Compared with the IR group,ALT,AST,LDH,CK-MB and BUN levels in the venous blood,and TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 and endotox-in levels in arterial blood were all decreased.IL-10 increased and the intestinal mucosal injury score de-creased obviously.Conclusion Ischemic post conditioning can decrease the damage of intestinal mucosa, reduce endotoxin translocation,promote activation of anti-inflammatory cytokines,inhibit excessive release of inflammatory mediators,enhance the antioxidant capacity of intestine and remote organs,reduce injuries to the small intestine and remote organs.

Objective To investigate the expression of Skp2 and C-myc in hepatocellular carcinoma and its relationship with clinicopathologic characteristics.Methods The expression of skp2 and C-myc was evaluated in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues of 48 patients,liver cirrhosis tissues of 20 cases,and normal liver tissues of 16 patients by immunohistochemistry(PV9000 two steps methods).Results The expression rate of skp2(33.3%) in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues was significantly higher than that in liver cirrhosis tissues((negative) expression)(P=0.008)and normal liver tissues(negative expression)(P=0.020).The(expression) of skp2 was correlated with histological differentiation and metastasis(P﹤0.001 and P=(0.017)),but not with tumour size(P=0.058),and it was not expressed in highly differentiated(hepatocellular) carcinomas.The expression rate of C-myc protein in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues((58.3)%) was significantly higher than that in liver cirrhosis tissues(15%)(P=0.001) and normal tissues((negativ)e expression)(P

Objective To investigate the role and prognostic impact of E-cadherin( E-cad)on in-vasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma by analyzing E-cadherin expression at DNA,RNA and protein levels. Methods RNA and protein expression of E-cad were tested in 60 cases of gastric carcinoma and adjacent tissues by streptavidin peroxidase( SP )immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. DNA methylation of E-cad was tested with methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction( MSP). Results The positive rates of E-cadherin protein and mRNA in gastric carcinoma were significantly lower than those in adjacent tissues. DNA methylation of E-cad negatively correlated with the E-cad protein and RNA expres-sion in gastric carcinoma respectively(r= -0. 355,r = -0. 271). DNA methylation of E-cad negatively correlated with the 5-year survival rate of gastric carcinoma(r = -0. 381,P ﹤0. 01). However,E-cad protein positively correlated with the 5-year survival rate of gastric carcinoma(r=0. 378,P﹤0. 01). Con-clusion The decreased expression of E-cad is one of the most important biological features in gastric car-cinoma. Methylation of E-cad DNA may be an important agent causing low expression of E-cad protein and mRNA and it can be used as an important indicator in predicting invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) combined with autologous bone marrow stem cells (BMSC) transplantation in treating early-stage osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH).Methods Forty patients diagnosed as stage Ⅰ or Ⅱ according to the classification of osteonecrosis of the femoral head put forward by the Association Research Circulation Osseous were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group with 20 cases in each group.Both groups were treated with BMSC transplantation,while the treatment group was further treated with ESWT the next day.Harris scores were assigned before the treatment and 3,6,12 and 24 months after the treatment to evaluate hip function,the degree of pain and the effects of the treatment.Frog-bit X-rays of the anteroposterior pelvis were taken to assess the stages.Results There were significant differences in the Harris scores and pain degree of the two groups before and at the different time points after the treatment.After 6,12 and 24 months,significant differences were observed in the two values between the two groups.After 12 months the number of hips rated excellent,good and medium level were 8,18 and 1 in the treatment group and 5,13 and 8 in the control group,showing significant differences.Conclusion Extracorporeal shock wave therapy along with autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation can be used to treat patients with early stage osteonecrosis of the femoral head,relieving their pain and improving their joint function.

Objective To conduct a Meta analysis based evaluation of dual-source computed tomography (DSCT) in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods Literatures publicated from January 2006 to July 2009, including in English or Chinese languages, were searched in Medline,China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Chinese Medical Assosiation Digital Periodicals (CMADP). A study was enrolled if it: ( 1 ) used DSCT angiography as the diagnostic test for the detection of significant coronary stenosis ( ≥50% diameter stenosis) in patients with suspected CAD; (2) used coronary angiography as the reference standard. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were acquired based on the bivariate random-effects modol. Hierarchical weighted symmetric summary receiver-operating curve (HSROC) was also estimated. The pooled likelihood ratios were calculated based on the pooled sensitivity and specificity. Combined with the pooled likelihood ratios, the clinical utility of the results was estimated according to Bayes'theory. Results Total of ten articles enrolled in this study, included 1271 patients. The mean rate of nonevaluable patients and segments were 5.6% (33/590) and 2. 3% (271/11 745 ), respectively. The pooled statistical results were as follows: the sensitivity and specificity were 99% (97%-99% ) and 86% (79%-90% ), respectively; the positive and negative likelihood ratio were 6. 84 and 0. 01, respectively. If a pre-test probability was below 84%, the likelihood of disease was less than 5% on a negative diagnosis of DSCT. If a pre-test probability was above 13%, the likelihood of disease was more than 50% on a positive diagnosis of DSCT. Conclusions DSCT angiography presents good diagnostic performance in the detection of CAD; however, it could not completely replace conventional coronary angiography.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of different methods in detecting free amino acids in plasma.Method 40 blood samples from healthy volunteers were analyzed by an automatic amino acid analyzer ( Li+system) and the results compared with previous reports using other analyzers.Results The results ob-tained by this analyzer for major amino acids [asparagine (Asn), glutamic acid (Glu), glutamine (Gln), valine (Val), tyrosine (Tyr), phenylalanine (Phe), ornithine (Orn), arginine (Arg)] were similar with those previously reported using other amino acid analyzers ( all P>0.05 ) and liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) (all P>0.05).Except for Glu and Tyr, the results for major amino acids showed large deviation compared to the results from high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC) ( all P<0.05).Conclusion The amino acid analyzer (Li+) and LC-MS/MS (iTRAQ kit) could accurately detect free amino acids in plasma.

Objective To investigate effects of Ginkgo biloba extract(EGb) on expression of CREB and pCREB in cortex of aging rats.Methods Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups:young control group,old control group and EGb group.Rats in EGb group were treated with intragastric administration of EGb,while rats in the other two groups were treated with distilled water.The spatial learning and memory were evaluated by Morris water maze,and the expression of CREB,pCREB were detected by western blot.Results( 1 ) Compared with young control group (9.6 ± 2.88,41.55 ± 6.30),the swimming time and times through platform in the target quardrant of rats in old control group(6.8 ± 2.49,34.92 ± 4.56) were reduced (P ＜ 0.05 ).The times passing through the platform and the time exploring the target quadrant were more and longer in EGb group(9.4 ± 2.63,41.0 ± 6.68 ) than those in old control group(P ＜ 0.05 ).(2)Compared with rats in young control group( 1.07 ±0.33,0.26 ± 0.04),relative contents of CREB and p-CREB proteins in cortex (0.70 ± 0.21,0.13 ± 0.05 ) weredecreased in old control group(P＜0.05 ).CREB and p-CREB Levels were higher in EGb group ( 1.02 ±0.18,0.18 ±0.02)than those in old control group(P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion EGb can ameliorate spatial learning and memory of rats by increasing the expression of CREB and p-CREB in cortex.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of the angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blockers (ARB) in reducing portal hypertension ( PHT) in patients with cirrhosis.Methods PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science,The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,Chinese BiomedicalDatabase,ChineseJournals Full-text Database and WanFang Digital Journal Full-text database were searched.Statistical analysis was performed by meta-analysis using RevMan4.2 software.ResultsAmong 8 randomized controlled trials ( RCT) including 282 patients met the inclusion criteria,4 trials were analyzed to compare the ARB with the placebo or no treatment and the other 4 trials were analyzed to compare the ARB with propranolol.Meta-analysis results were as follows.(1) The ARB resulted in more significant hepatic venous pressure gradient ( HVPG) reduction as compared with the placebo or no treatment [ WMD =1.87 mm Hg (1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa),95％CI ( 0.86-2.87 )mmHg,P =0.00003 ].Andthe ARB were similar to propranolol in reducing HVPG [ WMD =0.92 mm Hg,95％ CI ( - 0.41-2.26)mm Hg,P =0.17 ].(2)The ARB led to more significant reduction in mean arterial pressure than the placebo or no treatment [ WMD =8.89 mm Hg,95％ CI( 7.16-10.62)mm Hg,P ＜ 0.00001 ],but they were similar to propranolol had no significant difference.And the ARB had no significant effect on the heart rate of the patients,which was similar to no treatment group ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Whereas,propranolol could greatly decrease heart rate of the patients ( WMD =- 21.25,95％ CI - 25.83-16.68,P ＜ 0.000 01 ).( 3 ) No significant differences were found in serum bilirubin and creatinine levels between the ARB and the placebo or no treatment groups ( P ＞0.05).The rate of nonspecific adverse events was higher in the ARB groups than in the placebo or no treatment groups ( P =0.03 ),but it showed there was no difference between the ARB and propranolol groups (P =0.72).ConclusionThe ARB is effective in reducing portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis,which is similar to propranolol.Their effects on mean arterial pressure is similar to propranolol without significant effects on hear rate,liver functionand kidney function,and with less nonspecific adverse events.The ARB could become a new choice for the treatment of portal hypertension.

Objective To analyze the structure of microbial community in the bile of patients with obstructive jaundice.Methods From October 2010 to October 2013,117 patients with obstructive jaundice were selected.The results of bile microbial regular culture and anaerobic bacteria culture were both negative.A total of 10 mL bile of each case was aspired and DNA of bile microbial community was isolated.16S rDNA of bile microbial was amplified and underwent terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis.Clone libraries were constructed and conducted sequencing and system analysis.Chi-square test was performed for data analysis.Results Among the 117 patients,16S rDNA of 50 cases was positive,and the total positive rate was 42.7 ％.The positive rate of bile bacterial 16S rDNA in stone and tumor cased obstruction was 97.3％ (36/37) and 17.5％ (14/80),and the difference was statistically significant (x2=65.828,P＜0.01).There was no statistically significant difference in the positive rate of bile bacterial 16S rDNA among hilar obstruction,above hilar obstruction and below hilar obstruction,which ware 43.3％ (13/30) and 42.5％(37/87),respectively (P＞0.05).Bile microbial community of obstruction coused by stone was mainly Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia,Salmonella,Klebsiella,Proteus),Streptococcus (Streptococcus),digestive coccaceae (digestive bacteria genus,peptostreptococcus),Micrococcus branch (Staphylococcus),Propionibacterium (Propionibacterium) and Neisseriabacteria (Acinetobacter).Bile microbial community of obstruction caused by tumor was mainly Enterobacteriaceae (Clay Beth spp,Escherichia,Salnonellatyphi) and Micrococcus branch (Staphylococcus).Conclusion The condition and variety of bile microbial community of patients with obstructive jaundice could be effectively evaluated by 16S rDNA fragment through T RFLP analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To establish methods for the identification of Rhizoma Chuanxiong and determination of Ferulic acid( FA) in Ganning granula. METHODS: The identification of Rhizoma Chuanxiong was carried out by TLC and the determination of FA was by performed by HPLC. FA was separated on Kromasil ODS-1 C18 column with water-methanol-acetic acid ( 30∶ 69. 5∶ 0. 5) as mobile phase. The detection wavelength was 322nm, the column temperature was set at room temperature and the flow rate was 1. 0mL? min-1. RESULTS: The TLC spots of the sample presented the same color as its counterparts of Rhizoma Chuanxiong standard and FA reference substance at the corresponding sites. The linear range of FA was 0. 010 12 ～ 0. 151 80? g( r=0. 999 9, n=8) . The average recovery was 97. 39% ( RSD=1. 97% ) . CONCLUSION: The methods of identification and content determination were rapid, accurate, specific and reproducible, and which are suitable for the quality control of Ganning granula.