Objective To investigate the expression of Skp2 and C-myc in hepatocellular carcinoma and its relationship with clinicopathologic characteristics.Methods The expression of skp2 and C-myc was evaluated in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues of 48 patients,liver cirrhosis tissues of 20 cases,and normal liver tissues of 16 patients by immunohistochemistry(PV9000 two steps methods).Results The expression rate of skp2(33.3%) in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues was significantly higher than that in liver cirrhosis tissues((negative) expression)(P=0.008)and normal liver tissues(negative expression)(P=0.020).The(expression) of skp2 was correlated with histological differentiation and metastasis(P﹤0.001 and P=(0.017)),but not with tumour size(P=0.058),and it was not expressed in highly differentiated(hepatocellular) carcinomas.The expression rate of C-myc protein in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues((58.3)%) was significantly higher than that in liver cirrhosis tissues(15%)(P=0.001) and normal tissues((negativ)e expression)(P

This study aimed to summarize the diagnosis and treatment of uncommon complications in esophageal and cardiac cancer operations as well as obtain lessons from the failure. Methods:The etiology, clinical diagnosis, treatment, prevention measures, and factors that contribute to the failure of the uncommon complications were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Results showed ten cured cases and eight death cases (except for the reported eight cases). Conclusion:The following conclusions were ob-tained. 1) The complications described in this paper were rare, but they sometimes occur clinically. If wrong treatment was taken, seri-ous consequences would be expected. 2) Once a jet-like bleeding of aortic esophagus avulsion injury occurs, the surgeon must be calm and take proper treatment to successfully patch up the wounds. 3) The right thoracic approach is a new approach to prevent the injury of azygos vein. 4) Patients with anastomotic stoma fistula easily cause a delay in diagnosis if the leakage was wrapped in the inferior phrenic. 5) Taking preventive measures is the key method for the anastomotic aortoesophageal fistula. 6) Occurrence of pulmonary em-bolism after operation should be monitored. 7) Thoracic gastric mediastinal hernia would cause serious consequences if treatment was not taken at a proper time.

Objective To investigate the effect of Plastrum Testudinis on neural stem cell after focal cerebral ischemia.Methods Rat models of focal cerebral ischemia were established by inserting nylon thread into the anterior cerebral artery.Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of the neuroepithelial stem cell protein(Nestin),neurologic deficit and histological features were also observed.Results Plastrum Testudinis can decrease the neurologic dificit score and promote the expression of Nestin.Conclusion Plastrum Testudinis can alleviate the neurological symptoms and promote the proliferation of neural stem cell after focal cerebral ischemia.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the inhibitory effect of siRNA expression vector inhibiting human insulin-like growth factor 2(IGF2)gene on the proliferation of hepatoma cell line Huh-7. METHODS:siRNA expression vector pGL3-hAFP-hTERT-siRNA3(“siRNA3”)which inhibited IGF2 gene by dual promoter regulation of recombinant human alpha-foetoprotein(hAFP)and human telomerase reverse transcriptase(hTERT)was transfected into the Huh-7 cell and normal hepatocyte L-02,and then a nega-tive control group(vector pGL3-hAFP-hTERT)and a blank control group were set up. IGF2 mRNA expression was detected by re-al-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction 48 h after transfection into the cells in all groups;the activity of the cells by the microplate reader 0,24,48 and 72 h thereafter;and the cell cycle and apoptosis by the flow cytometer 48 h thereafter,and the changes in the protein levels of IGF2,PCNA,Cyclin E2,Cyclin D2,Cdc2 and Bcl-2 in the cell were detected by Western blot. RESULTS:Compared with the negative control group and blank control group,IGF2 mRNA expression in the Huh-7 cell transfected with siRNA3 was obviously weaker;at 48 and 72 h after transfection,the activity of Huh-7 cell signigicantly reduced, Huh-7 cells at G1 phase obviously increased and those at S phase markedly decreased;the occurrence of early,late and total apopto-sis in Huh-7 cells apparently increased,and the protein expression of IGF2,PCNA,Cyclin E2,Cyclin D2,Cdc2 and Bcl-2 in cells significantly weakened,with statistically significance(P<0.01 or P<0.05). No obvious change in the above-mentioned index-es could be found in L-02 cells transfected with siRNA3 expression vector (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:siRNA which inhibited IGF2 gene by dual promoter regulation of recombinant hAFP and hTERT can specially inhibit IGF2 gene expression and the prolifer-ation of Huh-7 cells,which may be involved with down-regulated protein expression of cell proliferation-associated gene PCNA, cell cycle control-associated genes Cyclin E2,Cyclin D2 and Cdc2 and apoptosis regulation-associated gene Bcl-2 as a result of down-regulated IGF2 mRNA expression and protein expres-sion.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the early cellular immune responses to three kinds of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in the immunized mice.MethodsAt day 4,the levels of IFN-γand IL-2 secreted by CD4+ and CD8+T cells which selected from splenic mononuclear cells (MNC) of the vaccinated mice were detected by enzyme-linked immunospot methods (ELISPOT) after stimulation in vitro with HBsAg MHC class Ⅰ peptide S28-39 of HBsAg or recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen(rHBsAg).ResultsAfter selected by MACs,the purity of CD3+/CD4+ and CD3+/CD8+T cell was more than 90％.The positive rate of IFN-γsecreted by CD4+T cells induced by HBsAg derived from Hansenula polymorpha(rHP) was higher than that of HBsAg derived from CHO cell (rCHO).Levels of IFN-γ secreted by CD8+T cells and IL-2 secreted by CD4+T cells induced by rHP antigen were significantly higher than those of rCHO( P＜0.05 ).Meanwhile,levels of IFN-γsecreted by CD4+T cells and CD8+T cells induced by rHP were also significantly higher than those of plasma HBsAg(pHB) (P＜0.05).ConclusionAt day 4,the cellular immune responses induced by HBsAg could be detected.But the immune responses induced by the three kinds of HBsAg are different in levels.According to early cellular immune response intensity,the rHP HBsAg are superior to the rCHO and pHB,in accordance with the high protection rate interrupting the mother-infant transmission immunized by rHP vaccine in clinical trial.It provides scientific basis for necessity of timely birth dose of HB vaccine and kind of HB vaccine for high risk newborn infants vaccinated.

Objective To evaluate the value of mean platelet volume (MPV) in identifying the location of infarct at left circumflex artery (LCX) in patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).Methods In this retrospective study,184 consecutive patients with NSTEMI were eligible to be enrolled from January 1,2009 to June 30,2011 and laboratory examinations including platelet count,B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP),troponins test (TnI),C-reactive protein and serum creatinine (SCr) were done.The demographics and detailed history of patients were documented.In addition,left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) test and coronary angiography to determine the culprit vessel implicating in infarction were carried out in all enrolled patients.The patients were categorized into LCX group and N-LCX group according to culprit vessel.Results Of 184 patients,68 patients were in LCX group and 116 patients had left anterior descending artery (LAD) lesion or right coronary artery (RCA) lesion.High percent of LCX infarction were found in patients with high MPV level and low BNP level,and in smokers.And lower proportion of those patients had previous percutaneous coronary artery intervention.The results showed that MPV was larger in patients with LCX infarction than that in patients with LAD or RCA.Receiver operating characteristic curve showed the area under curve was 0.75 (95％ CI:0.675-0.826).An optimized cut off point at 9.15 fL of MPV showed 83.8％ sensitivity and 63.8％ specificity for prediction of LCX infarction.Multivariate analysis also showed that MPV was the only independent predictor of a LCX infarction in patients with NSTEMI [OR=1.32,(95％ CI:1.031-1.688),P＜0.05].Conclusions MPV was the only independent factor associated with LCX infarction in patients with NSTEMI.

BACKGROUND:Posterior lamina resection often causes loss of spinal stability, so screw rod internal fixation technology is needed to maintain the stability of lumbar spine. Finite element analysis can be used to simulate the stress distribution of the spine and internal fixation system after spinal surgery. OBJECTIVE: To build three-dimensional finite element model of spinal L1 to L3, analyze the spinal stability and stress distribution after the total laminectomy and insertion of bilateral pedicle screw using finite element method. METHODS: L1-L3 CT data could be colected from an adult healthy male volunteer. Mimics14.01, 3-matic(V6.0) and Ansys 15.0 could be used to set up the intact lumbar spine finite element model of L1-L3 (group A), the L1-L3 finite element model after L2 total laminectomy (group B), and the finite element model of L2 total laminectomy and insertion of bilateral pedicle screw (group C). We used software to simulate flexion, extension, lateral bending and axial rotation, and three kinds of models received finite element analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Based on the maximum of Von Mises under different motion states, the maximum stress was significantly lower in group A than in group B (P< 0.05). The maximum stress was significantly lower in group B than in group C (P < 0.05). (2) Based on the total deformation under different motion states, the total deformation was significantly lower in group A than in group B (P < 0.05). The total deformation was significantly lower in group C than in groups A and B (P < 0.05). (3) After the total laminectomy, vertebral body stress increased, especialy in the lamina, pedicle and joints. The range of motion of the vertebral body increased, which influenced the stability of the vertebral body. Internal fixation could decrease range of motion. Stress concentrated on the screw. Stress on the vertebral plate and pedicle decreased. The stability of vertebral body increased. Excessive stress concentrated on screw system wil increase the risk of screw breakage.

AIM:To investigate the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) on mRNA expression of SOCS-3 and SREBP-1c in the rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.METHODS:Male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control ( NC) group, high fat ( HF) group and HF+liraglutide ( Lira) group.The rats in HF group and HF+Lira group were given high-fat diet for 16 weeks.After 12 weeks of high-fat diet feeding in HF+Lira group, Lira (600μg? kg-1? d-1 ) was intraperitoneally injected for 4 weeks.At the end of the 16th week, the rats were killed.The pathologi-cal changes of the liver were observed under optical microscope.The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase ( ALT) , as-partate aminotransferase ( AST) , triglyceride ( TG) and total cholesterol ( TC) were detected by automatic biochemical an-alyzer.TG contents of liver were measured by GPO-PAP method.The fasting insulin ( FINS) was determined by ELISA, and insulin resistance index was assessed by homeostasis mode assessment ( HOMA-IR) .The mRNA expression of SOCS-3 and SREBP-1c in the liver tissues was detected by RT-qPCR.RESULTS:Compared with NC group, HOMA-IR, TG of liver, and the serum levels of ALT, AST, TG, TC and FINS in HF group were obviously increased (P<0.01).Compared with HF group, HOMA-IR, TG of liver, and the serum levels of ALT, AST, TG, TC and FINS in HF+Lira group were all obviously decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01).The mRNA expression of SOCS-3 and SREBP-1c in HF group was signifi-cantly higher than that in NC group (P<0.01).The mRNA expression of SOCSV3 and SREBP-1c in HF+Lira group was significantly decreased as compared with HF group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Liraglutide may improve the IR and re-
duce TG of liver through decreasing the mRNA expression of SOCS-3 and SREBP-1c, so as to play a therapeutic role in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Sixty-one patients with moderate to severe malignant ascites were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive intraperitoneal hyperthermal chemotherapy+intravenous chemical injection (treatment group; n=31) or routine intravenous chemical injection (control group; n=30). Short-term response and reverse effects were observed. Our results indicated that the complete remission rate, part remission rate,and clinical benefit rate in the treatment group was significantly higher than those in the control group (38.71% vs 13.33% ,41.94% vs 16. 67%, and 90.32% vs 66.67%, respectively). No difference in reverse effects was found between the two groups. Our data suggest that intraperitoneal hyperthermal chemotherapy plus general chemotherapy may effectively control the malignant ascites, and the reverse effects might be well tolerated.

A total of 101 patients undergoing operations for malignant gastrointestinal tumors (stage Ⅱ to Ⅲ) were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive intraperitoneal hyperthermal chemotherapy plus intravenous chemical injection (treatment group, n=51) or routine intravenous chemical injection (control group, n=50). Our results indicated that the recurrence rate and the metastatic rate in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group (25.5% vs. 50.0%, 13.7% vs. 30.0%, both P< 0. 05), although the 3-and 5 year-survival rates were significantly higher (both P < 0. 05). Our data suggest that intraperitaneal hyperthermal chemotherapy plus general chemotherapy after surgery for malignant gastrointestinal tumors could effectively reduce tumor recurrence and metastases and improve long-term survival.