Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics and influencing factors of myocarditis induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).Methods:Using programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1), nivolumab, pembrolizumab, programmed cell death receptor ligand-1 (PD-L1), atezolizumab, durvalumab, avelumab, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), ipilimumab, tremelimumab as keywords respectively, we combined these words with myocarditis or the corresponding Chinese to search.Results:A total of 49 articles were reported, including 64 patients. Nivolumab was the most reported, followed by pembrolizumab and ipilimumab. The average age was (65.47±13.24)years, mainly elderly patients; 37 cases (57.81%) were male; the overall mortality rate was 31.25%(20/64). The clinical symptoms were diverse and nonspecific, with dyspnea being the most common (39/64, 60.94%). Heart biomarkers were elevated in 94.64%(53/56) of the patients. 35 patients (54.69%, 35/64) developed myocarditis after 1-2 doses and 17 patients died. 60 patients received steroids as initial treatment, and immunosuppressive therapies such as infliximab, intravenous immunoglobulin, antithymic globulin, and/or plasmapheresis were used in 25 patients, symptoms improved in 17 cases (68.00%).Conclusions:ICIs can cause myocarditis, with high mortality, and should be closely monitored and timely treatment. Steroids can be used as initial first-line therapy and immunosuppressants and/or plasmapheresis may improve clinical symptoms and survival rate.

Objective To analyse the clinical features of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)who had scores＜12 using reflux diagnostic questionnaires(RDQ).Methods A comparative and retrospective study was carried out in 148 GERD patients.Among whom 22 patients had low RDQ score(＜12)and 126 patients had high RDQ score(≥12).The differences in heart burn,substantial chest pain,regurgitation,severity and frequency of food reflux between two groups were compared.Nevertheless,the atypical symptoms such as chest distress.abnormal sensation of regurgitation or food reflux was significantly lower in patients with RDQ＜12 than those with RDQ≥accounted for 60.28%of the total RDQ score,whereas the heart burn,regurgitation and food reflux atypical symptom of chest distress was found in 13 patients(59.09%),abnormal sensation of throat in 8 patients(36.36%).cough and asthma in 3 patients(13.63%),headache in 5 patients(22.72%),belching in 9 patients(40.90%),aypnia in 8 patients(36.36%),and anxiety in 6 patients(27.27%).Conclusion RDQ is insensitive to those who have chest pain with no obvious symptom of heart burn,regurgitation or food reflux as well as those with atypical symptom beyond the RDQ.

Objective To compare the efficacy of interscalene brachial plexus block using an ultrasound-guided method with nerostimulator-guided method.Methods Ninety ASAⅠ～Ⅱ patients scheduled for surgery of the upper extremity were randomly allocated into three groups(n=30),Control group: nerve stimulator-guided and single-injection group;US group: ultrasound-guided with nerve stimulator confirmation and single-injection group;UD group: ultrasound-guided with nerve stimulator confirmation and double-injection group.Thirty mL 0.5% ropivocaine was injected in each group.The patient in group UD received half the volume of ropivocaine injected around the two target nerves.Results The average onset time of sensory blockade in the UD group was significantly shorter than in the US group and Control group.The rate of satisfactory sensory blockade in the UD group was significantly higher than in the US group and Control group.Conclusion Ultrasound-guided interscalene brachial plexus block may shorten the onset time with fewer adverse events.The ultrasound-guided double-injection method may significantly improve the quality of blockade.

The comparative analysis of the biological characterization and the genetic background study of EV71 circulating strains is commonly recognized as basic work necessary for development of an effective EV71 vaccine. In this study, we sequenced five EV71 circulating strains, isolated from Fuyang, Hefei, Kunming and Shenzhen city of China and named them FY-23, FY-22, H44, K9 and S1 respectively. The sequence alignment demonstrated their genotypes be C4. The genetic distance of the VP1 gene from these isolates suggested that they were highly co-related with genetic identity similar to other previously reported EV71 strains in China. Additionally, these strains were identified to display some obvious proliferation dynamics and plaque morphology when propagated in Vero cells. However, a distinctive difference in pathogenic ability in neonatal mice was found. Some differences in cross neutralization test & immunogenic analysis were also found. All these results are related to the biological characterization of circulating EV71 strains in China and aid in the development of an EV71 vaccine in the future.

In order to study the efficiency of small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfer mediated by cationic liposome, we used luciferase siRNA to evaluate the gene silencing activity in the Hep-2 cells, which were stably transduced with a luciferase gene. The pDNA transfection was studied, and siRNA arrearage assay was conducted to determine the capability of cationic liposome with siRNA. Different concentrations of siRNA was used to silence luciferase gene' activity, and then the result was examined by microplate reader. Cell viability was analyzed after transfection by MTT assay. The results suggested that Lipofectamine 2000 could transfer the pDNA efficiently, and have strong binding capacity with siRNA. The silencing efficiency of luciferase was obtained with low concentration of siRNA. The cell viability was influenced by RNA interference (RNAi) very slightly, but the cell survival rate decreased with the increase of siRNA concentrations. It was well concluded that by optimizing the experimental conditions, cationic liposome can transfer low concentration siRNA to silence target gene's activity efficiently.
Cations ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; Genetic Vectors ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Lipids ; chemistry ; Liposomes ; chemistry ; Luciferases ; genetics ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Transfection

Early diagnosis, effective treatment and monitoring of recurrence and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma have always been difficult problems for clinicians. MicroRNA (miRNA) plays an important role in hepatocellular carcinoma cells' proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism and other processes, and can be released into body fluids such as blood, urine and saliva. The peripheral blood miRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma can be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis, efficacy assessment, recurrence and metastasis monitoring and prognosis judgment, and may even become therapeutic targets for hepatocellular carcinoma. This article summarizes the research progress of circulating miRNA in peripheral blood as markers for diagnosis and treatment monitoring of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Humans ; Vaccines, Inactivated ; COVID-19/prevention & control* ; Vaccination ; Viral Vaccines ; Immunity ; Antibodies, Viral