OBJECTIVETo investigate the injury stress responses caused by ischemia reperfusion and its effects on the salivary secretory function of rat submandibular glands.

METHODSAn in situ ischemia reperfusion experimental model of rat submandibular glands was developed. The rat submandibular glands were subjected to 90 min of ischemia without denervation followed by reperfusion for 1, 12, 24, and 72 h. Salivary secretion, histological changes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and cellular apoptosis of the involved submandibular glands were detected after reperfusion.

RESULTSThe secretory function of the glands decreased at 1 and 12 h, and the saliva secretion gradually had the same value as that of the control sample 72 h after reperfusion. Increasing inflammatory cells infiltration, cellular atrophy, and tissue edema were observed especially after reperfusion for 12 h. The level of ROS and the number of apoptotic cells exhibited the same tendency, and higher ROS levels and more apoptosis cells 1 and 12 h after reperfusion were observed.

CONCLUSIONOur study suggests that ischemia reperfusion can cause a series of injury stress responses in submandibular glands, which might have an important function in the early phase dysfunction of transplanted submandibular glands.

Objective To study the effects of proprioception training on the motor function and ability in the activities of daily living (ADL) of hemiplegic stroke patients. Methods Forty hemiplegic stroke patients were divided into study group and a control group ( n =20 in each).The two groups received conventional rehabilitation treatment and pharmacotherapy,but the study group received additional proprioception training.The Technobody proprioceptive system assessment,the Fugl-Meyer lower limb assessment (FMA),the Berg balance scale (BBS) and the modified Barthel index (MBI) were used to evaluate their proprioceptive ability,lower limb motor function,balance and ADL ability,before and after 4 weeks of treatment. Results After 4 weeks,proprioception,lower limb motor function,balance and ADL ability had all improved significantly in the experimental group.Lower limb motor function,balance and ADL ability had also improved significantly in the control group,but they showed no significant change in their average proprioceptive ability.The improvement in the experimental group was superior to that of the control group in terms of proprioceptive ability,balance and ADL ability. Conclusions Proprioception training can improve the motor function (including the proprioception and balance) and ADL ability of hemiplegic stroke patients.

Object To probe into the objectivity and authenticity of four properties (cold, heat, warm, and cool) of raw Coptidis Rhizoma (RCR) and their preparations from biophysics and biochemistry. Methods Microcalorimetry was used to obtain the metabolic growth power-time curve of bacteria affected by the total alkaloid in different preparations of RCR and biothermokinetic parameters. Combined with the records of ancient herbal literatures, the influence of properties by different preparations to RCR were synthetically evaluated. Results All the effective total alkaloid in different preparations of RCR can restrain the Escherichia coli growth and metabolism in different level. Drugs, such as Coptidis Rhizoma Stir-fried with ginger juice (CRGJ), Coptidis Rhizoma stir-fried with wine (CRW), and Coptidis Rhizoma stir-fried with Fructus Evodiae (CRFE), with a little Warm Property can decrease the multiplication rate constants of E. coli index and increase heat output in growth metablism remarkably, while the drugs, such as RCR, Coptidis Rhizoma stir-fried with vinegar (CRV), and Coptidis Rhizoma stir-fried with gallbladder juice (CRGBJ), with a little Cold Property can decrease the multiplication rate constants and increase heat output a little. There was a stable difference between them. Conclusion Microcalorimetry is a new and useful mean for the study of the properties of tradition Chinese medicine.

OBJECTIVE: To improve the formula and the preparation method of ZnO Lotion so as to make it more adaptable to the clinical needs. METHODS: Adjust the previous dosage of menthol and ethanol and the preparation method was shifted to wet-sifting from trituration. RESULTS: The improved preparation was more exquisite and more stable in quality yet with less irritation. And the improved preparation method is more convenient in operation. CONCLUSION: The improved formula and improved preparation method are worth to be widely used.

Objective To observe the antioxidative effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) on motor function after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. Methods 36 healthy adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into EGb group (group A), methylprednisolone (MP) group (group B) and control group (group C) with 12 rats in each group. SCI model was made by Allen's mode (10 g×25 mm) at the level of the 9th thoracic vertebra (T9). Group A was given 40 mg/kg EGb daily by intraperitoneal injection, while group B was given 30 mg/kg MP at the first injection and then 5.4 mg/kg every 6 hours for 4 times. Group C received an equal volume of normal saline daily. On the 1st, 3rd and 7th days after SCI, 4 rats were selected randomly from each group. The motor function were assessed by Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan scale (BBB). The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum were determined. Results At every time point after surgery, the BBB scores were significantly higher in groups A and B than in group C (P<0.05). Compared to group C,the activity of SOD increased and the content of MDA decreased significantly in groups A and B on the 3rd and 7th days after SCI (P<0.05).Conclusion EGb may reduce the level of oxidative stress and promote the recovery of the motor function in rats after SCI.

Aim To compare the relative bioavailabilities of domestic acyclovir chewabletablets and normal tablets. Methods A single oral dose of 800 mg acyclovir chewable tablets or normal tablets was given to 8 volunteers respectively in a randomized, cross-over study, acyclovir serum concentration was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Results The AUC of chewable and normal tablets was respectively 0.42 and 0.40 μg · ml · h-1, and the relative bioavailability of a cyclovir chewable tablets was (105.8 + 13.1) %. Conclusion The chewable tablets and reference tablets is bioequivalent in AUC.

AIM: To verify the bioequivalence between sustained released tablet of nepopam and normal one. METHODS: 18 volunteers were randomly devided into two groups. Double periodical crossed design was used, and poly dose of nefopam was administered to 18 volunteers following single dose after one week interval. The concentration of nefopam hydrochloride in serum was determinated by HPLC, and the related parameters came out through 3p97 programme. RESULTS: In the single dose test the drug concentration of sustained released tablet maitained 2040 mg?L -1 for 10 h ,c max was ( 45.8 ?15.7) mg?L -1 ,t peak was ( 3.4 ? 0.8) h , and the corresponding parameters of normal tablet were over 20 mg?L -1 for 7.5 h ,( 72.7 ?26.0) mg?L -1 ,and ( 1.6 ? 0.6) h . The AUC was ( 363.4 ? 107.1 ) and ( 374.8 ?125.7) mg?h?L -1 respectively, and F was ( 1.02 ? 0.25 ). In the poly dose test the c max of sustained released and normal one was ( 31.50 ? 12.65 ) and ( 33.68 ?10.51) mg?L -1 ,c min was ( 13.4 ? 4.4 ) and ( 10.9 ?5.4) mg?L -1 , t peak was ( 2.6 ? 0.6 ) and ( 1.22 ? 0.46) h , and FI was ( 0.77 ? 0.26 ) and ( 1.04 ? 0.18 ) respectively. CONCLUSION: The sustained released tablet is credible and the two types of tablet are equieffective in AUC.

AIM: To compare the bioequivalence of glimepiride tables and capsules with a single dose. METHODS: Twenty Chinese healthy male volunteers were enrolled in a randomized crossover study with a single oral dose 3 mg of two formulations respectively. The blood drug concentration in serum was measured by HPLC, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by 3p97 software and compared by two one side t test. RESULTS: The parameters of the tables and the capsules were( 1.23 ? 0.19 ) and ( 1.31 ? 0.22 ) mg?h?L -1 at AUC (0-t) ,( 1.32 ? 0.20 ) and ( 1.45 ? 0.24 ) mg?h?L -1 at AUC (0-inf) ,( 0.30 ? 0.05 ) and ( 0.30 ? 0.06 ) mg?L -1 at C max ,( 6.6 ? 2.5 ) and ( 9.3 ? 7.9 ) h the peak time (T peak ), respectively. There were no significant differences between the two formulations. F was 96.4 ? 21.1 calculated by AUC (0-t) and 96.4 ? 21.1 by AUC (0-inf) . CONCLUSION: Glimepiride tables and capsules are of bioequivalence.

Identiifcation of tissues/body lfuids in forensic science is important for criminal cases investigation such as crime scene reconstruction, conclude the character of crime. Recently, many researches of Epigenetic shows that tissue speciifc differentially methylated regions(tDMRs) have the ability to as a biomarker for identiifcation of tissues/body lfuids. In this paper, we reviewed the study progress and summarized the probability, advantage and disadvantage as well as application value and the development direction of the application of DNA methylation in the aspect of identifying the tissues/ body lfuids source, aiming at providing a reference for the related research and application.

AIM: To investigate the differentiation from adult rat and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) into neuron with musk polypeptide (Mu-P).METHODS: Adult rat and human BMMSCs were induced with Mu-P.Neuron-specific enolase (NSE),neurofilament (NF),Nestin,glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were detected by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: Simple methods with Mu-P induced adult rat and human BMMSCs exhibiting a neuronal phenotype,expressing Nestin at 3 hours to 5 hours,and expressing NE and NF at 5 hours to 7 days.But the neuron-like cells didn't express the glial astrocyte marker GFAP.CONCLUSION: Adult rat and human BMMSCs can be induced to differentiate into neurons with Mu-P.