BACKGROUND:The inflammation of osteoarthritis is mediated by chondrocytes and the synovial tissue-secreted cytokines. Articular cartilage and synovial tissue contains a variety of cytokines, which play important regulatory role in the repair of articular cartilage injury.
OBJECTIVE:To analyze the relationship between chondrocytes, synovial tissue-secreted cytokines and osteoarthritis, as wel as the effect of chondrocytes and synovial tissue-secreted cytokines on osteoarthritis.
METHODS:A computer-based search was conducted in Wanfang database (www.wanfangdata.com.cn), PubMed database (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.guv/pubmed) by the first author from 2005 to 2010. The key words were“osteoarthritis, degeneration, cartilage tissue, cytokines”. A total of 146 articles were obtained through computer search, then reading the titles and abstracts for initial screen, 86 articles with the unrelated research purposes were eliminated, 40 articles with the repetitive content were excluded, and final y 21 articles related to the effect of various cytokines in the degenerative cartilage and synovial tissue of the osteoarthritis patients were included for further analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The cytokines mainly refers to the activated immune cel s and some stromal cel-secreted non-specific regulate immune responses and inflammatory responses-mediated smal molecule proteins, including lymphokines produced by the lymphocytes, as wel as the single nuclear factor and other cytokines produced by monocytes macrophages. Synovial cel-secreted cytokines may partial y explain the pathological process of osteoarthritis and play an important role in joint inflammation. Although, more and more scholars have pay attention to the effect of synovial cel s and cartilage cel-secreted cytokines, but mainly studies the effect of exogenous cytokines on chondrocytes or synovial cel s, and the effect of endogenous cytokines in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis has not been extensively studied.

Culturing objective and curriculum system for rural order directed free medical students were proposed scientifically and detail measure in designing general course module , basic course module, clinical course module, preventive care course module and professional practice module were put forward based on the analysis of guiding ideology of training rural order directed free medical educational talents.

【Objective】 To explore the mechanism of action of Losa rtan on vascular remodelling in hypertension and its relationship with neuroendo crine factor and renin-angiotensin system.【Methods】 The study consisted of co ntrol group and other three treatment groups: Losartan group、NPY group、and Los artan+NPY group. More than 200 cells were scanned in each group. The methods of c ellular culture, biochemistry and quantitative immunocytochemistry through ACAS5 70 were applied to investigate the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in cultur ed rat VSMC treated with Losartan and Neuropeptide Y (NPY) stimulation. 【Result s】 VSMC proliferation (by absorbauce) in the control group and other three exam ed groups: Losartan group、NPY group and Losartan+NPY group were 0.223 9±0.00 1 0、0.204 5±0.001 3、0.262 6±0.002 5、0.244 0±0.001 3, and PCNA (by fl uorescence intensity) were 1 543±200、1 339±233、1 649±233、1 545±256. It wa s observed that losartan could inhibit the VSMC proliferation in vitro cultu re with and without NPY simulation. Compared with the control groups, the VSMC p roliferation activity and expression of PCNA were obviously descreased in the lo sartan treated gro ups. 【Conclusion】 The results demonstrate that losartan has the inhibitive eff ects on VSMC profiferation and PCNA expression. The results also suggest that lo sartan has anti-NPY effect on VSMC in vascular remodelling of hypertensive vess els.

AIM: To explore the effect of neuropeptide Y on expression of apoptosis associated genes and proliferation in vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC). METHODS: The proliferation activity of VSMC was dterminded by MTr colorimetry. The average fluorescence intensity that represented VSMC nuclear antigen (PCNA) and bcl -2, bax, fas expressions was quantitatively measured by fluorescence immunohistoehemistry. RESULTS: Compared with control, the expressions of bcl - 2, bax, fas, PCNA and the VSMC proliferation activity in VSMC treated with NPY were significantly increased. CONCLUSION: NPY may increase the expression of apoptosis associated genes in VMSC and promote its proliferation.

AIM:To explore the effect of neuropeptide Y on expression of apoptosis associated genes and proliferation in vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC). METHODS: The proliferation activity of VSMC was dterminded by MTT colorimetry. The average fluorescence intensity that represented VSMC nuclear antigen (PCNA) and bcl-2, bax, fas expressions was quantitatively measured by fluorescence immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Compared with control, the expressions of bcl-2, bax, fas, PCNA and the VSMC proliferation activity in VSMC treated with NPY were significantly increased. CONCLUSION:NPY may increase the expression of apoptosis associated genes in VMSC and promote its proliferation.

AIM:As a factor that can improve cell growth,there are few studies about the effect of insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ) on the apoptosis of endothelial cell.The study investigated the inhibition and mechanism of IGF-Ⅰ on the apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC) induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein(ox-LDL).METHODS:The experiment was performed in the Institute of Cardiovascular Disease,Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from December 2006 to July 2007.①Fresh human umbilical cord was obtained(the informed consent) to isolate and culture HUVECs.The cells were divided into four groups.Except the control group,HUVEC cells were cultured with IGF-Ⅰ(1?10-9mmol/L),ox-LDL(200 mg/L)+IGF-Ⅰ(1?10-9mmol/L),and ox-LDL(200 mg/L),respectively after cultured for 24 hours.②Cell viability was determined by MTT assay,morphology and apoptosis by DAPI fluorescence staining,and expressions of caspase-3 were analyzed.RESULTS:①Ox-LDL could significantly inhibit HUVEC cell proliferation.After treated with both IGF-Ⅰand ox-LDL,the cell proliferation increased obviously compared with the cells treated with ox-LDL(P

Objective To explore clinical value of optimizing the contrast medium injection protocol for dual-source CT high-pitch spiral acquisition in children with complex congenital heart disease.Methods Sixty patients with complex congenital heart disease were prospectively recruited and randomly divided into group A and group B by the random number table method.Patients in group A received a conventional contrast medium injection protocol,i.e.a diluted contrast material with fast and slow rate respectively,and then a flush with normal saline.The volume of contrast medium was 2.0 ml/kg.Patients in group B received an optimized injection protocol,i.e.a four-phase diluted contrast material with contrast/ saline ratio of 8:2,6:4,4:6,2:8 respectively.The volume of contrast medium was 1.0-1.5 ml/kg.Attenuation and noise were measured in superior vena cava,right atrium,right ventricle,the main pulmonary artery,left atrium,left ventricle,ascending and the descending aorta in the two groups and compared by t test.The image uniformity was assessed by t test.Subjective image quality and artifacts of superior vena cava were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test.Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated by x2 test.All the patients undergone the surgical treatment and demonstrated 121 abnormalities (22 species) of internal and external heart structure,i.e.56 in group A and 65 in group B.Results There was no significant difference in diagnostic accuracy between group A and group B (A:96.9％,52/56,vs.B:96.4％,62/65;x2=0.28,P=0.59).While,significant difference was found in the amount of consumed iodine between the two groups [A:(15.7±6.5) ml vs.B:(10.4±2.4) ml;t=4.14,P＜0.01].Furthermore,the image uniformity in group B was statistically higher than that in group A[A:(36.5± 18.0)HU vs.B:(272.0± 124.5)HU;t=10.30,P＜0.01].As for subjective image quality,no significant difference were observed (A:3.3±0.5 vs.B:3.5±0.5;Z=396.00,P=0.39);while significant difference was found in artifacts of superior vena cava (A:3.2±0.9 vs.B:3.7 ± 0.7;Z=300.50,P=0.02).Conclusion The optimized contrast medium injection protocol for children with complex congenital heart disease could eliminate the image artifacts of superior vena cava and improve the image quality.

Objective To investigate the effect of cimetidine on the clonal expansion of TCR V? subfamily of T cells in cord blood after the stimulation by K562 cells in vitro.Methods Cimetidine(1?10-5 mol/L) or K562 cells(1?106/ml) or both of them were respectively cultured with mononuclear cells(MNC) isolated from normal human cord blood for 2 weeks.After the induction,specific cytotoxicity of the proliferated T cells were detected with K562 cells as the target cells.The selective usages and clonal expansion of TCR V? subfa-mily of T cells were analyzed by RT-PCR and genescan technique.Results After induction for 2 weeks,the 3 groups showed the increased cell proliferation,in which specific cytotoxicity of T cells induced by both cimetidine and K562 cells against K562 cells was enhanced significantly compared with the other 2 groups(P

Objective To investigate the relationship of plasma concentration of NT-proBNP,copeptin and glasgow coma scale(GCS)scores,hematoma volumes in patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage.Methods 109 patients with acute cerebral hem-orrhage(the cerebral hemorrhage group)and 32 healthy individuals (the control group)admitted in our hospital from December 2011 to June 2013 were selected and detected for plasma NT-proBNP and copeptin.The levels of NT-proBNP,copeptin,glasgow co-ma scale(GCS)scores and hematoma volumes were compared between the two groups.Results The levels of plasma NT-proBNP and copeptin in the cerebral hemorrhage group were significantly higher than that in control group(P <0.05).The levels of plasma NT-proBNP and copeptin were significantly increased with the severity and the hematoma volume of the acute cerebral hemorrhage. The levels of NT-proBNP and copeptin are positively correlated with hematoma volumes(r=0.63,r=0.58,P <0.01)and negative-ly correlated with Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS)scores(r=-0.52,r=-0.46,P <0.01).Conclusion The levels of NT-proBNP and copeptin are positively correlated with hematoma volumes and negatively correlated with glasgow coma scale(GCS)scores.They are important clinical parameters to reflect the severity and hematoma volumes of the acute cerebral hemorrhage.

Objective:To investigate the influence of chemotherapy on the phenotype of secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) in gastric cancer (GC). Methods:Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze SPARC expression in 132 GC patients. Among these patients, 54 with preoperative chemotherapy and 78 without preoperative chemotherapy were selected to analyze the effect of chemotherapy on SPARC phenotype by comparing the postoperative specimens of the two cohorts. Results:SPARC expression was higher in GC lesions than in the desmoplastic stroma surrounding the tumor cells and noncancerous tissues. High SPARC expression was related to invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, and TNM staging. SPARC expression was lower in patients with preoperative chemotherapy than in controls ( P<0.05). Gross type, histology, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, TNM staging, and SPARC phenotype correlated with the overall survival of the patients with preoperative chemotherapy. Further multivariate analysis suggested that lymph node metastasis, histology, and SPARC phenotype after chemotherapy were independent prognostic indicators of GC. Conclusion:SPARC expression was associated with invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, TNM staging and GC prognosis. Preoperative chemotherapy may change the phenotype of SPARC in GC patients.