Objective　To determine the effect of posterior vitreous detachment on the prognosis of branch retinal vein occlusion　(BRVO).　Methods　One hundred and sixteen patients (116 eyes) with BRVO who underwent vitreous examination were retrospectively studied.The relationship of vitreous conditions to posterior segment neovascularization and macular edema was statistically investigated.　Results　In 40 ischemic cases,12 of 25 eyes (48.0%) with no posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) or partial PVD developed retinal or optic disc neovascularization ,or both,but only one of the 15 eyes (6.7%) with complete PVD developed neovascularization during a mean follow-up period of 10.7±2.2 months　(P＜0.05).Diffuse macular edema was found in 45 eyes　(38.8%).The incidence of macular edema was significantly higher in eyes with vitreomacular attachment　(51.5%)　than in those with vitreomacular separation　(22.0%)(P＜0.01).　Conclusion　It was suggested that complete PVD may play a role in protecting eyes with BRVO from posterior segment neovascularization and macular edema.

Objective To study community morbidity of gastroesophageal reflux cough (GERC),and then establish its procedure of diagnosis. Methods For the patients with chronic cough, on the basis of inquiring medical history and physical examination, chest radiograph, induced sputum, pulmonary ventilation function and airway hyperresponsiveness, blood eosinophilic, IgE,allergens skin test, nose, throat examination,sinus X-ray or pharyngoscope etc was managed. On the basis of the results,patients suspecting GERC was screened out, and then RDQ was performed, extra-esophageal symptoms related performance was inquired and scores were recorded. The patients with scores ≥ 12 were diagnosed as GERC; the patients with scores ＜ 12 were performed diagnosing treatment with proton pump inhibitor (PPI),and patients with positive results were diagnosed as GERC. The materials was analyzed statistically. Results The patients with chronic cough were 430 cases,and the community morbidity of GERC was 22.79%(98/430). RDQ ≥12 scores was 68.37%(67/98),and RDQ ＜ 12 scores was 31.63%(31/98).There was significant difference in extra-esophagus manifestation (P ＜0.01);26 cases with RDQ ＜12 scores were diagnosed as GERC (83.87%),and the rate of GERC in chronic cough was 21.63% (93/430). Conclusions RDQ is a favourable screening test in diagnosing GERC. PPI diagnosing treatment has high sensibility in GERC. It is necessary to establish community diagnosis procedure.

The‘eighteen clashes’and‘nineteen fears’have been tought of traditional prohibited combination in long time,but many examples show ginseng and trogopterus dung could be safely used after compatibility,so many scholars fouce on the essential of compatibility.While people can not reach an accordant consideration for compatibility of Ginseng with Trogopterus Dung,therefore we have a overview based on documents for about 30 years,which will provide evidences for researching systematically on the nature of compatibility of Ginseng with Trogopterus Dung.

Objective To determine the correlation between coronary artery calcium score (CACS) and carotid calcification, and their risk factors. Methods 162 cases underwent coronary and carotid pre-contrast CT scan with dual-source CT scanner within 2 weeks. The reconstructed parameters were the same. The calcifications of coronary and carotid arteriae were quantified by calculating the Agatston score. The main risk factors such as age, sex, hypertension, total cholesterol, low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), diabetes, smoking and coronary heart disease history were recorded. The CACS and carotid calcium scores were comparatively analyzed using Spearman's correlative analysis. The relativity between the risk factors and CACS scores, carotid calcium scores. Results In 162 subjects, there was positive relativity between CACS and carotid cal-cium score(r=0.690, P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that CACS were of relativity with age, diabetes, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol,otherwise, carotid calcium scores only with age and diabetes. Conclusion There is significant correlation be-tween CACS and carotid calcium score, but their risk factors are not same.

Objective To assess the safety and efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for the treatment of large (≥5 cm in diameter) hepatic hemangiomas.Methods Clinical data of 50 patients with large hepatic hemangiomas (≥5 cm in diameter) treated with RFA between October 2007 and December 2012 were analyzed.Patients were divided into two groups (5-10 cm and ≥ 10 cm) according to tumor size.Results Thirty-two patients had 36 hemangiomas of 5-10 cm in diameter and 18 patients had 19 hemangiomas of ≥ 10 cm in diameter.Technical success,complications related to RFA,completed ablation,symptom relief,change in size of ablation zone and recurrence of the residual tumor were analyzed.The average diameters of the two groups were 7.1 ± 1.2 cm and 13.2-± 2.4 cm separately (t =-12.57,P ＜ 0.01) ; the technical achievement ratios of the two groups were both 100％ ; Seven of 32 patients with hemangiomas 5-10 cm and all the 18 patients with hemangiomas ≥ 10 cm had 13 and 61 complications related to RFA,the incidence of complications were 21.88％ and 100％ respectively (x2 =28.13,P ＜ 0.01); 94.55％ hemangiomas (52/55) acquired complete ablation,the complete ablation rates of 5-10 cm hemangiomas and ≥10 cm hemangiomas were 100％ (36/36) and 84.21％ (16/19) respectively (P =0.014).The mean diameters of ablation zone were respectively decreased to 5.3 ± 1.0 cm and 10.62±1.8 cm (t =-14.30,P ＜0.01).Conclusions RFA for hepatic hemangiomas 5-10 cm in diameter is safe and effective; while its complication for ablation of hemangiomas ≥ 10 cm is high.

Objective To explore the effect of biological resonance technique in the detection and treatment of milk protein induced allergic diarrhea in infants .Methods A total of 60 infants with protein allergic diarrhea were detected by bio-resonance technique of German -made Bikang Biotherapeutic Instrument .The statistical bio-reso-nance technique was used to detect the distribution of allergy in infantile milk allergic diarrhea and treatment effect . Results Bio-resonance technique for detection of infantile milk protein allergic diarrhea ,the first six allergies were milk,milk protein,fish mixture,normal intestinal flora,mite and breast milk.The total effective rate was 95.00％,the effective rate was 95.83％ in the female group and 94.44％ in the male group,the difference was not statistically significant(χ2 =0.142,P>0.05).There was no significant difference between the 9th and 6th month group(χ2 =0.671,P >0.05).After treatment for 1 month,the follow -up showed no recurrence.Conclusion Resonance technology is one of the best technique to detect and treat allergic diarrhea in infants and young children , which is suitable for clinical use .

Objective To investigate the expression and immune function of NOD2 signal in MyD88-/- mice. Methods MyD88-/- mice and wild-type C57 BL/6 mice were characterized by PCR. Mice model of pulmonary infection was constructed by tracheal instillation of BCG vaccine strain(attenuated strain of Mycobacterium). PBS tracheal instillation was used as negative control.Peripheral blood sample and lung tissue were collected aseptically 24 h after Mycobacterium challenge. Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of NOD2 gene and protein. IL-6 level in the peripheral blood was determined by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Results The expression of NOD2 protein in BCG infected mice was significantly higher than PBS negative control group. NOD2 protein expression in MyD88-/- mice was higher than in wild-type mice. BCG infection was associated with higher NOD2 protein expression than infection-free PBS control in both groups of animals. The IL-6 level in peripheral blood was significantly higher after BCG infection than PBS group in both MyD88-/- mice and wild type mice. Conclusions BCG can activate the NOD2 signaling pathway when MyD88-dependent pathway is deficient.