Objective To study the effect of non-invasive low frequency nerve and muscle stimulator on labor analgesia. Methods Four hundred primigravida in our hospital were randomized into the control and observation group in equal number:The deliveries of the former group were accompanied with full-process Doula and those of the latter with Doula-assisted analgesia besides Doula accompany.The two groups were compared in terms of analgesic effect,labor progress,delivery method,post-partum hemorrhage and neonatal conditions. Results The observation group was significantly better than the control group in terms of analgesic effect,active phase,total labor and spontaneous delivery(all P<0.05).There was no significant difference between them in occurrence of neonatal asphyxia and hemorrhage 2h after labor(both P>0.05). Conclusion Doula-assisted analgesia plus Doula accompany for the full labor process is effective for alleviating labor pains,accelerating labor process and spontaneous delivery.

Objective To investigate the effects of comprehensive pain management on pains and recovery of knee function of patients who hadundergone total knee arthroplasty(TKA).Methods A total of 50 patients who had undergone single-knee TKA surgery were selected and divided into 2 groups of 25 patients each:the study group and the control group.The control group was given patient-controlled epidural analgesia while the study group was given comprehensive pain management.The two groups were compared in terms of score on pain within 7 days after operation,knee joint activity and the incidence of adverse reaction within 10 days after operation(the 1st,3rd,7th,10th day).Results Within 7 days,the scores on pain in the study were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The scores on the knee joint activity in the study group on the 1st,3rd,7th,10th day were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05)and the incidences of adverse reaction were significantly lower as well (P<0.05).Conclusion Comprehensive pain management is effective for post-surgery pain control and the hastened TKA patients, and the improved quality of life.

BACKGROUND: The osteoarthritis (OA) is attributed to Gubi of TCM,which is mainly caused by liver and kidney deficiency, deficiency and damage of both qi and blood and wind-cold-damp pathogen. Kidney-deficiency with coagulating-coldness syndrome is very common.OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical effect of the treatment of OA by invigorating the kidney, dispelling the cold and activating collaterals.DESIGN: Randomized controlled clinical study.SETTING: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Guangdong Province.PARTICIPANTS: Eighty-eight inpatients and outpatients who were most possible to benefit from the experiment were selected as the subjects from the Department of Rheumatism and the Clinic of Orthopedics from June 2005 to July 2006. All subjects were randomized into the experimental group (n=44) including 21 males and 23 females, whose ages ranged 42-70 years, and their average age was (62±8) years and the average course of diseases was (34±18) months, and the control group (n=44), including 24 males and 20 females, whose ages ranged 40-69 years, and their average age was (61±7) years and the average course of diseases was (34±16)months.METHODS: Patients in the experimental group were treated with Bushen Quhan Tongluo herbs by orally taken or externally washing. The prescription of Bushen Quhan Tongluo: Hutaorou (12 g), Buguzhi (12 g), Chaoduzhong (12 g), Shudi (15 g), Dahuixiang (9 g), Luoshiteng (15 g),Zhichuanwu (9 g), Sanqi (6 g), Wugong (3 g), Jixieteng (15 g). The prescription for external washing: Tuogucao (40 g), Danggui (15 g), Sumu (15 g),Shengdahuang (15 g), Shengnanxing (10 g), Ruxiang (10 g), Meyao (10 g),Bingpian (3 g). (Orally taken: The medicine shall be taken with water of 37 ℃ one dose a day. External washing: The medicine that dissolved in 500 mL of 100 ℃ boiled water was adopted to wash both knees while the temperature down to 35 ℃ one dose upon a time and twice a day). Patients in the control group were given sulfated glucosamine (Weiguli Capsule.Each capsule contains 314 mg of sulfated glucosamine crystal, which is equal to 250 mg of sulfated glucosamine) two capsules a time and 3 times a day as well as piroxicam (Yantong Xikang Pill) once a day and 20 mg each time. Patients in both groups were administrated for 12 weeks. Referring to the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) OA index and the clinical effect criterion of OA, the curative effect was compared between the two groups.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: WOMAC pain score, stiffness score,physiological function score, total score and the clinical effect.RESULTS: A total of 88 patients were involved in the analysis of results.joint stiffness index, physiological function index and the total index after the treatment in both the experimental group and the control group than those before the treatment (The experimental group: 4.95±2.46,11.39±4. 10;0.70±0.88,1.57± 1.42; 13.16±5.71,31.16± 10.08; 18.82±7.96,44.11 ± 13.29;Control group: 6.64±1.81,11.59±3.07 ;0.68±0.86,1.52±1.34; 14.25±3.99,pain index in the experimental group after the treatment was lower than that in thecontrol group, and the difference was remarkable (P ＜ 0.05),The total effective rate was 95.5% in the control group and it was 93.2% in the experimental group, and there was no marked difference between the epigastric discomfort in the control group, while there was no haematemesis, hemafecia or aggregation due to continuous administration. No adverse effect was found in the experimental group.CONCLUSION: Satisfying effect can be achieved in the treatment of OA of cold coagulation due to kidney deficiency by invigorating the kidney,dispelling the cold and activating the collaterals, moreover, the effect of relieving pain is especially excellent.

The toxicity of HCN inhaled via the respiratory tract in dogs and the therapeutic effects of DMAP and AmNO2 for such form of HCN intoxication were studied. The LD50 of HCN when inhaled was 850.4?80.4?g/kg.When the dosage of 2?LD50 of HCN was given to the experimental animals, the signs of intoxication developed rapidly. Uneasiness, struggling, strident barking, and respiratory excitation were observed several seconds after the exposure. Subsequently there was spasm of the extensors and rigidity of the extremities. Finally general inhibition and paralysis ensued. Respiration and heart beat stopped 6 and 7 minutes after exposure. If DMAP (3.25 mg/kg intramuscularly) or AmNO2 (2 ampules through inhalation) was administered 15 seconds after exposure, the survival rate of the animals was 90% or 100% respectively.When the dosage of 4?LD50 of HCN was inhaled and the two drugs were administered 45 seconds after exposure, the survival rate of the animals treated with DMAP remained as high as 90% (9/10) .But the survival rate of those treated with two ampules of AmNO2 or even three ampules reduced to 20% or 40% respectively.The amount of HCN inhaled during respiratory intoxication, the problems of early diagnosis and the administration of DMAP at the site of accident were analyzed and discussed.

AIM:To investigate the role of phospholipase C epsilon 1 ( PLCE1 ) in modulating the apoptotic mechanism in lung adenocarcinoma A 549 cells.METHODS:PLCE1 inhibitor U-73122 was used to suppress the expres-sion of PLCE1.The expression of PLCE1 and p53 in A549 cells was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting.Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry .RESULTS:A549 cells expressed high level of PLCE1 and low level of p53.Inhibition of PLCE1 markedly increased the expression of p 53, and increased the apoptosis of A 549 cells.CON-CLUSION:PLCE1 suppresses apoptosis of A549 cells via inhibiting the expression of p53.

Objective To analyze the fractional proteins and immunoreactivity of the soluble antigens from Babesia microti (B.microti),and find the candidate antigens for diagnosis with high sensitivity and specificity.Methods BALB/c mice were inoculated with B.microti-infected red blood cells by intraperitoneal injection.The B.microti were collected from the infected red blood cells when the infection rate reached its peak (infection rate ＞70％),then the soluble antigens were extracted by repeated freezing-thawing and ultrasonic method.The mice sera before and after the infection with B.microti for 7,14,21,28,35,42,49 and 56 days were also collected.The polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was used to analyze protein components of the soluble antigens of B.microti and the Western blot was used to analyze the immunoreactivity of the soluble antigens with the pooled mice sera before and after the infection.The specific positive protein bands were identified by Liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS),and the amino acid sequences of the proteins were analyzed by bioinformatics tools.Results The results from SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that the soluble antigens of B.microti showed distinct protein bands with the range between 12 and 185 × 103 (kDa,relative molecular mass,Mr),among which 9 main bands and 12 minor bands were obtained.In the Western blot analysis,the protein bands with Mr at 40 and 45 kDa could be recognized by pooled mice sera 7 days after infection;the protein bands with Mr at 40,45,54 and 95 kDa could be recognized by pooled mice sera 14 days after infection;the protein bands with Mr at 27,40,45,54,95 and 110 kDa could be recognized by pooled mice sera 21 days after infection.While,the protein bands with Mr at 27,40,45,54,95,1 10 kDa and other weak-reactive bands were recognized by pooled mice sera 28-56 days after infection,and the reaction became stronger with the infection continued.There were 336 proteins,including surface antigen,heat shock protein 70,seroreactive antigen,Eta subunit of chaperonin containing t-complex polypeptide 1 and unnamed protein products,were identified as the components of soluble antigens after mass spectrometry and sequence analysis.Conclusion The 40,45 and 54 kDa protein components from the soluble antigens of B.microti may be ideal candidate antigens for diagnosis,andtheir potential applications in diagnosing of human babesiosis deserve further study.

We discussed the influence of liquid nitrogen cryopreservation to survive capability of Babesia microti standard strain.The whole blood of mice infected with Babesia microti was put in liquid nitrogen to cryopreservation for 1 month,3 months,6 months,9 months,the whole blood was get out respectively and recovery at room temperature,and infected 3 mice respectively,100 μL/ mouse (the first generation after redissolution,the experiment group).In the same time,3 mice were also infected with Babesia microti as the animal conservation control group.When the infection rate was at a high level,the whole blood of the experiment group mice were injected into 3 normal BALB/c mice (the second generation after redissolution),to observe the changes of the Babesia microti form and proliferation situation,and also to observe the infection rate of the first and the second generation after redissolution in different conserving time.Compared with Babesia microti of animal subcultivation,the form of Babesia microti of liquid nitrogen cryopreservation changed a little.Small trophozoites,annular trophozoites,schizont and immature and mature merozoite and other form can also be seen.Compared with Babesia microti of animal subcultivation,the first time to see the worms and the time attaining to the high infection level were 1 to 2 days later,but for the second generation after redissolution,it is the same.There was no significant difference in different conserving time of 1,3,6,9 months.The influence of liquid nitrogen cryopreservation to survive capability and worm form of Babesia microti is a little,so liquid nitrogen cryopreservation can be a better way to conserving Babesia microti.

The aim of the study was to investigate the population ecology of medical shellfish and the infection of An-giostrongylus cantonensis in Longhai ,Fujian Province ,China .Aquatic and terrestrial shellfish were collected in survey points according to different types of breeding grounds .Then ,lung-microscopy method was involved in the detection of the lung tis-sue in Ampullaria gigas .Other shellfishes were mashed to detect the third-stage larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis .Hom-ogenization and lung microscopy were compared in the detection of the larvae of A .cantonensis in Achatina snails .Factors re-lated to the environment and influence of shellfish hosts were also included .Results showed that 8 species of molluscans were found ,including Pila gigas ,Bellamya aeruginosa ,Bellamya lithophaga ,Melanoides tuberculata ,Achatina fulica ,Vag-inulus alte ,Philomycus bilineatus ,and Bradybaenasimilaris with 1 673 specimens in 27 survey points from 9 townships .The infectionratewas19.78% inaverage.TheinfectionrateinV.altewas56.63% (47/83);theinfectionratesforA.fulicaand P .gigas were 39 .32% (92/234) and 27 .14% (130/234) ,respectively .The infection rate of each survey point was closely re-lated to the distances from the residents living area .Morever ,A .cantonensis larvae were detected in M .tuberculata .Lung mi-croscopy and homogenization method detection rate was 87 .1%and 100 .0% ,respectively .The difference was statistically sig-nificant .In conclusion ,V .alte ,A . fulica and P .gigas were A . cantonensist infection dominant population . The infection rate was closely related to micro-ecological environment for all kinds of shellfish .M .tuberculata was the new host of A .can-tonensis .Lung microscopy method should not be used in the qualitative screening detection of A . f ulica infected with A .can-tonensist .

Objective To establish A1E3 and B1C4 monoclonal antibody-based ELISA for detecting circulating antigen of Schistosoma japonicum and explore its application value in the field. Methods The characteristics of A1E3 and B1C4 monoclonal antibodies were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. The SEA-based ELISA was used to evaluate the titers of A1E3 and B1C4. The orthogonal test was used to determine the best concentration of coating antibody B1C4 and optimal working concentra-tion of A1E3-HRP. Under the optimal conditions,the serum samples of 20 acute schistosomiasis cases,46 chronic schistosomiasis cases,and 20 control sera were tested to evaluate its detection sensitivity and specificity. Seventy-two antibody positive serum sam-ples from Jiangling County of Hubei Province were detected and compared to a commercially available ELISA kit,to evaluate the detection effects of this method. Results The results of SDS-PAGE demonstrated that the purified A1E3 and B1C4 contained a clear heavy chain with molecular weight of 88 000 and 52 000 respectively and had the same light chain with molecular weight of 20 000;while Western blotting demonstrated that A1E3 and B1C4 could be recognized by SEA and serum samples of acute schis-tosomiasis cases. The SEA-based ELISA demonstrated the titers of B1C4 and A1E3 were 1∶105 and 1∶30 000,respectively. The serum samples from all the acute cases and 86.9% of the chronic cases showed a positive reaction. All of the control sera from healthy persons gave a negative response. The positive rates of the double monoclonal antibody ELISA and commercial ELISA for detecting the circulating antigen were 45.8%and 43.1%respectively,and there was no significant difference between the results of the two methods. Conclusion A1E3 and B1C4 monoclonal antibody-based ELISA is established successfully. It exhibits a high sensitivity and specificity in detecting circulating antigen of Schistosoma japonicum.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the disease burden of prostate cancer (PC) and assess key influencing factors associated with the disease expenditures of PC in the United States. METHODS: The total deaths, incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life-years of PC were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey was used to estimate healthcare expenditures and productivity loss and to investigate patterns of payment and use of healthcare resources in the United States. A multivariable logistic regression model was conducted to identify key factors influencing expenditures. RESULTS: For patients aged 50 and older, the burden for all age groups showed a modest increase over the 6-year period. Annual medical expenditures were estimated to range from US$24.8 billion to US$39.2 billion from 2014 to 2019. The annual loss in productivity for patients was approximately US$1,200. The top 3 major components of medical costs were hospital inpatient stays, prescription medicines, and office-based visits. Medicare was the largest source of payments for survivors. In terms of drug consumption, genitourinary tract agents (57.0%) and antineoplastics (18.6%) were the main therapeutic drugs. High medical expenditures were positively associated with age (p=0.005), having private health insurance (p=0.016), more comorbidities, not currently smoking (p=0.001), and patient self-perception of fair/poor health status (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS From 2014 to 2019, the national real-world data of PC revealed that the disease burden in the United States continued to increase, which was partly related to patient characteristics.