Objective To investigate the development of auditory and speech skills and the safety and stability among the prelingually deaf children with Nurotron Venus cochlear implants.Methods A total of 78 cochlear implant subjects were recruited from the first of affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou university.They were divided into 5 groups according to the ages at the time of implantation: group A(between 13 and 24 months), group B(between 25 and 36 months),group C(between 37 and 48 months),group D(between 49 and 72 months),group E(between 73 and 96 months).Children were evaluated by IT-MAIS(group A and B) and MAIS(group C,D and E) before the surgery and 1 month,3 months,6 months, and 12 months after surgery.All children were evaluated by MUSS questionnaires 1 months, 3 months,6 months,and 12 months after surgery.Post-operative cochlear radiographs determine the position of the CIs.The complications and usage of The CIs were followed up.Results The auditory and speech ability of children with CIs improved constantly.The auditory and speech of different groups were statistically significant.All the surgeries of 78 cases Nurotron-Venus cochlear implants were successful.Post-operative cochlear radiographs showed electrodes in the normal position.2 cases had processor failures.The remaining CIs were implanted completely.Conclusion Within 1 year, the ability of auditory and speech improved gradually.The scores of auditory and speech about the small age groups are lower than older children in the early days.There is no influence on the audition in 12 months.Small children's scores of speech are lower than older children in 12 months.The better ability to integrate auditory information is , the better the ability to speak is.The Nurotron CIs work safety and effectively.

Objective To discuss the clinical characteristic of middle ear malformation with cholesteatoma.Methods From September,2011 to November,2016,23 cases of middle ear malformation with cholesteatoma were collected.Their symptoms,ENT examination,temporal bone high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and intraoperative findings were analyzed.Results All 23 patients had hearing loss.90.0％ patients had ear discharge and tinnitus.86.96％ patients had perforation in pars flaccida of tympanic membrane.95.7％ patients had poor mastoid gasification.73.9％ patients had undeveloped or dysplastic tympanic antrum.100％ patients had destruction of the ossicular chain.56.5％ patients had malformation of the ossicular chain.52.2％ patients had exposed facial nerve.30.4％ patients had hyperplasia of the attic bone.Conclusion The symptoms and physical examinations of middle ear malformation with cholesteatoma are the same as middle ear cholesteatoma.Poor mastoid gasification can usually be detected on temporal bone HRCT.The most common malformation is dysplastic tympanic antrum,followed by malformation of the ossicular chain,exposed facial nerve and hyperplasia of the attic bone.Temporal bone HRCT can indicate the malformation and destruction quite well.

Objective To explore the assessment methods of persistent postural-perceptual dizziness(PPPD).Methods A total of 39 patients with PPPD were enrolled as PPPD group,compare with 36 cases with unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss(SSHL) with vertigo.The clinic data,DHI/NEO-FFI/SSRC,auditory and vestibular function(bithermal caloric test,vestibular evoked myogenic potential)tests were collected for all the subjects and compared between groups.Results There were statistical differences between two groups in DHI/NEO-FFI/ SSRC (P＜0.05).13 cases of PPPD with mild or moderate sensorineural hearing loss,36 cases of SSHL with severe or extremely severe sensorineural hearing loss;double temperature test and VEMP normal derivation rates of PPPD were significantly higher than SSHL (P＜0.05).Conclusion Neurotic and introverted personality traits are found to be risk factors for PPPD.Patients with PPPD are prone to anxiety.PPPD has a great impact on the social activities and life quality of patients.

Objective: To discuss the prediction of round window(RW) visibility in cochlear implantation(CI) with temporal bone high resolution computed tomography(HRCT). Methods: From January 2013 to January 2017, 130 cases underwent both HRCT and CI in our hospital were analyzed. The distance from facial nerve to posterior canal wall(FWD), the angle between facial nerve and inner margin of round window(FRA), and the angle between facial nerve and tympanic anulus to inner margin of round window(FRAA) were detected at the level of round window on axial temporal bone HRCT. A line parallel to the posterior wall of ear canal was drawn from the anterior wall of facial nerve at the level of round window on axial temporal bone HRCT and its relationship with round window was detected (facial-round window line, FRL): type0-posterior to the round window, type1-between the round window, type2-anterior to the round window. Their(FWD, FRA, FRAA, FRL) relationships with intra-operative round window visibility were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 software. Results: FWD(F=18.76, P=0.00), FRA(F=34.57, P=0.00), FRAA (F=14.24, P=0.00) could affect the intra-operative RW visibility significantly. RW could be exposed completely during CI when preoperative HRCT showing type0 FRL. RW might be partly exposed and not exposed when preoperative HRCT showing type1 and type2 FRL respectively. Conclusion FWD, FRA, FRAA and FRL of temporal bone HRCT can predict intra-operative round window visibility effectively in CI surgery.

Objective: The clinical characteristics of dural arteriovenous fistula with pulsatile tinnitus were analyzed to deepen the understanding of the disease. Methods: The clinical data of five patients complained of pulsatile tinnitus and diagnosed dural arteriovenous fistula in Henan People's Hospital from May 2013 to June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, including 3 males and 2 females, aged 27-65 years. Results: The main clinical symptoms of the five patients were continuous pulsatile tinnitus, accompanied/not accompanied by headache, memory decline, etc., with a course of three months to 20 years. They were diagnosed as dural arteriovenous fistula by digital subtraction angiography, and three cases of tinnitus disappeared and two cases of tinnitus were relieved after embolization. Conclusions The dural arteriovenous fistula is a rare and complicated disease. When the patient complain of the pulsatile tinnitus, the related etiology should be considered and managed properly.