OBJECTIVE: To determine the urine level of levofloxacin by second-order derivative spectrophotometry.METHODS: The concentration of levofloxacin in human urine was determined at a wavelength of 350～ 360nm using a second-order derivative spectrum peak valley amplitude(P).RESULTS: The standard curve was linear in the concentration range of 2～ 18? g? mL-1(r=0.999 6).The average recovery was 100.2%(RSD=0.66%).The intra-day and inter-day RSD were 0.09% and 1.82%,respectively.CONCLUSION: The method is simple,stable,precise and reproducible,and in which blank urine sampling,the extraction and isolation were not needed,thus it can be used for the monitoring of urine drug level.

Objective:To study the application effect of hierarchical management in medical care. Methods:A retrospective analysis about sixty-eight patients were taken hierarchical management methods in nursing work from February 2009 to February 2010. Results:The quality of nursing and patients nursing satisfaction were obviously higher than before the management layer in 68 patients,, the result is significant difference(t=3.02,t=3.69;P<0.05). Conclusion: The hierarchical management method not only can effectively improve the quality of nursing, but also greatly improve the patient care satisfaction and the clinical application and popularization.

According to current situation of national Science & Technology development during the 11<'th> five-year plan period, the orientation and the management of the National High-tech Research & Develop Program (863 Program) were changed. Based on the 863 project application of Peking University, several key steps of the application process were discussed in this paper, including selecting subject, filling in appli-cation form, and budget-making etc. Meanwhile, corresponding suggestions were raised, which would be helpful to both scientific research personnel and administrators.

Clinical teaching is an important part of teaching which has a bearing on the level of medical teaching and the quality of personnel training. The clinical teaching ability of young physicians is related to the whole teaching process. So Young physicians should be a serious clinical teacher with good medical ethics, strict clinical thinking, formal clinical skills.

To assess the effect and the safety of Naoxinqing Tablet in treating cerebral atherosclerosis and angina pectoris of coronary heart disease. Forty-eight patients with cerebral atherosclerosis and 12 patients with angina pectoris of coronary heart disease served as the objects. The effective rates were 83.33% and 75.00% in cerebral atherosclerosis group and angina pectoris of coronary heart disease group respectively, and the total effective rate of Naoxinqing Tablet was 81.67%, the difference being significant as compared with those before treatment (P

Objective To analyze the characteristic and distribution of colonic polyps and investigate the diagnosis of colorectal benign polyps for chromoendoscopy and curative effect of argon plasma coagulation, High frequency electric knife electric coagulation, EMR, Titanium clips treating Colorectal benign polyps.Methods 175 patients of benign colorectal polyps of endoscopic diagnosis combined with pathology and treated were collected from December 2015 to June 2016.Results by ordinary and staining endoscopy, solitary polyp quantity and multiple polyps types in many segments for colon were more. Which the polyps quantity of rectum and sigmoid colon were more and polyp diameter was smaller in the left colon, the polyps quantity of ascending colon were less and polyp diameter was larger in the right colon. Pigment endoscopy was conduce to diagnose the micro-polyp. Chromoscopy enhanced the detection of multiple polyps in the colon.Conclusions Staining endoscopy is improved the multiple polyps detection rate and reduce omission diagnose rate, to proift the differential diagnosis of benign polyps, according to the solitary polyp and multiple polyps combined with polyp size in colon, which select the one of APC, high-frequency electric coagulation electric cut and EMR or two kinds of therapeutic endoscopy, therapeutic endoscopy is efifcacy and safety technique and the most of APC.

OBJECTIVE To determine the association between phenotype and genotype of biofilm in Staphylococcus.METHODS All 156 clinical isolates of coagulase negative Staphylococcus(CNS) and 90 S.aureus(SAU) strains isolating from clinical specimens from Mar 2005 to Jul 2008,as well as 12 CNS strains from nasal swabs of healthy carriers from hospital staff,were collected.Congo red technique was performed to examine slime production.The presence of the intercellular adhesion genes(icaA and icaD) was determined by the polymerase chain reaction method.The phenotype and genotype of biofilm were analyzed.RESULTS Thirty-two out of 168 CNS isolates were biofilm producers(19.0%) while 32 out of 90 SAU isolates were producers(35.6%).All strains positive for icaA positive were also positive for icaD.The 16 strains(10 CNS isolates and 6 SAU isolates) were icaA and icaD positive but do not produced slime.CONCLUSIONS For SAU,the percentage of slime-production strains(35.6%) is higher than that found in CNS(19.0%).The characteristic of biofilm-negative variants having the ica loci might contribute to the dissemination.For clinical isolates of S.epidermidis,ica locus may not be a significant marker discriminating between invasive and contaminating isolates.

Objective To explore serum albumin level of the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) and disease severity grading of the relationship between the early,better,a reasonable nutritional support in patients with COPD.Methods 120 COPD patients were randomly divided into four levels according to the disease severity,Ⅰ level as the control group,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ grade for the experimental group,collectting fasting serum albumin,micro-nutrition assessment form ( MNA),body mass index ( BMI ),serum albumin,three nutrition indicators were assessed in patients with COPD,the control group data were compared with the three experimental groups.Results Ⅰ level of COPD were well-nourished patients,mild malnutrition and hypoalbuminemia were 34,6,1 respectively.Ⅱ level were 8,9,2,Ⅲ level were 18,12,4,Ⅳ level were 7,13,6.Malnutrition rates were 17.1％,57.9％,47.1％ and 73.1％,COPD associated with serum albumin level index was 0.251 (P ＜ 0.05 ) ;COPD patients with grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ level of serum white protein-related indices were 0.273,0.331,0.324 ( all P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion COPD severity grading and the decline in serum albumin were correlated,the serum albumin level decreased more significantly.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of various tapers of canal preparations on the retention of cast posts in endodontically treated upper incisors in vitro.Methods: Forty human central or lateral maxillary incisors were prepared by removing the clinical crown at 1 mm above the approximal CEJ and treated the canals with instruments of varying tapers. The groups comprising 10 teeth of each group were divided as follows: Taper 0.02 /15~40#SS (stainless steel K-files) with step-back technique as control, PF (ProFile)OS 3#/0.06 with taper 0.06/PF 25#/ in apical third, PF OS 4#/0.07 with taper PF 0.06/30# in apical third, PF OS 5#/0.08 with PF taper 0.06/35# in apical third. Then, canals were filled with gutta percha and AH Plus sealer using vertical condensation technique with a level of 5 mm of gutta-percha left in the apical segment of the root. Metal cast posts were made by direct method and then the post was cemented with HY-BOND GLASIONMER CX (Shofu,Inc)cement. The roots were fixed in copper rings with mounting plaster and mounted on a WD-5A machine.The posts were subjected to gradually increasing vertical tensile force until dislodgment of the post occurred. Force (N) required to dislodge the post was obtained for each tooth, and the average force of the groups was compared using a one-way ANOVA and SNK multiple comparisons with SAS V8.1. Results:The highest resistance to dislodgment was obtained with PF OS 4#/0.07, whereas the lowest was obtained by the PF OS 3#/0.06. Nonstatistical difference was found between Taper 0.02 /15~40# and PF OS 3#/0.06. PF OS 4#/0.07 was statistically superior to Taper 0.02 /15~40# and PF OS 3#/0.06 but not PF OS 5#/0.08. Conclusion: The retention of posts is affected strongly with the increase in the diameter than with the increase in the taper angle. PF OS 4#/0.07 with taper PF 0.06/30# in apical third seems to be the best taper for maximal resistance to post dislodgment.

Objective: To investigate the effect of function of knee on quality of life (QOL) in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Method: Forty patients with knee OA were recruited. Their function, pain and range of motion (ROM) of knee were assessed with Lequesne index, Lysholm knee score (LKSS), visual analogue scale (VAS) and protractor measure respectively. QOL was evaluated with arthritis impact measurement scale (AIMS). Result: The scores of AIMS, Lequesne and VAS in female were significantly higher than that in male. And the LKSS in female was significantly lower than that in male (P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between AIMS score and Lequesne index, VAS score and limit of ROM, but a negative correlation between AIMS and LKSS (P<0.05). Conclusion: The function of knee and QOL in female patients with OA were worse than that in male patients. Pain, limited ROM and weaken function in knee could effect QOL in OA patients to some extent. Health education and clinical treatment should be provided to improve the function of knee and QOL in OA patients.