1.Recognition of self and altered self by T cells in autoimmunity and allergy.
Lei YIN ; Shaodong DAI ; Gina CLAYTON ; Wei GAO ; Yang WANG ; John KAPPLER ; Philippa MARRACK
Protein & Cell 2013;4(1):8-16
T cell recognition of foreign peptide antigen and tolerance to self peptides is key to the proper function of the immune system. Usually, in the thymus T cells that recognize self MHC + self peptides are deleted and those with the potential to recognize self MHC + foreign peptides are selected to mature. However there are exceptions to these rules. Autoimmunity and allergy are two of the most common immune diseases that can be related to recognition of self. Many genes work together to lead to autoimmunity. Of those, particular MHC alleles are the most strongly associated, reflecting the key importance of MHC presentation of self peptides in autoimmunity. T cells specific for combinations of self MHC and self peptides may escape thymus deletion, and thus be able to drive autoimmunity, for several reasons: the relevant self peptide may be presented at low abundance in the thymus but at high level in particular peripheral tissues; the relevant self peptide may bind to MHC in an unusual register, not present in the thymus but apparent elsewhere; finally the relevant self peptide may be post translationally modified in a tissue specific fashion. In some types of allergy, the peptide + MHC combination may also be fully derived from self. However the combination in question may be modified by the presence of other ligands, such as small drug molecules or metal ions. Thus these types of allergies may act like the post translationally modified peptides involved some types of autoimmunity.
Animals
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Autoantigens
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immunology
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Autoimmunity
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HLA Antigens
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immunology
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Humans
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Hypersensitivity
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immunology
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Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
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metabolism
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T-Lymphocytes
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immunology
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metabolism
2.Neuroendoscopy in microsurgical clipping for ruptured posterior communicating artery aneurysms via keyhole approaches
Qinwei ZHOU ; Junjie CHEN ; Shaodong XI ; Ailin CHEN ; Chungang DAI ; Qing ZHU
Chinese Journal of Microsurgery 2022;45(3):304-309
Objective:To explore the value of application and manipulation technique of neuroendoscope in microsurgical clipping of ruptured posterior communicating artery(PCoA)aneurysms via keyhole approaches.Methods:From January 2018 to December 2020, the clinical data of 52 patients who received microsurgical clipping for ruptured via keyhole approach were retrospectively analysed. Forty-one patients had the intraoperative endoscopic monitoring. The supraorbital keyhole approach or pterional keyhole approach was applied based on the characteristics of the aneurysms. According to the in-surgery requirement, a 30° rigid neuroendoscope was used before and/or after clipping. All patients entered postoperative follow-up in outpatient clinic and were evaluated with the modified Rankin Scale(mRS).Results:All 52 patients had 52 ruptured PCoA aneurysms. Eighteen of the patients were treated via supraorbital keyhole approach and 34 via pterion keyhole approach. Pre-and post-clipping endoscopic observation were carried out in 12 cases and 29 only with post-clipping endoscopic observation. Residual aneurysmal neck was detected in 3 patients. Missed clipping of perforators was found in 2 patients and followed by proper adjustment of clips. All patients received follow-up angiographic examinations. Total obliteration of the aneurysm and an intact of internal carotid artery and PCoA were found in 41 patients by the intraoperative endoscopic observation. Two residual aneurysmal neck were detected in 11 patients without intraoperative endoscopic observation. After 11 to 45 months of follow-up, all patients had good recovery(mRS 0-1).Conclusion:It is a safe and effective method with endoscopic observation during microsurgical clipping procedure for ruptured PCoA aneurysms via keyhole approaches. It can effectively make up for the insufficient visual angle of microscope, realise the anatomical relationship between the aneurysm and adjacent structures, and avoid residual aneurysmal neck and an iatrogenic injury to the parent artery and perforators.
3. Clinical research of Kinesio taping combined with warm needling for knee osteoarthritis
Fen HE ; Zhuliang GU ; Junda LIN ; Xiaoxu ZHAO ; Jiancan LIU ; Yaowen DAI ; Shaodong XIE
International Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2019;41(12):1327-1332
Objective:
To investigate the efficacy of Kinesio taping combined with warm needling on knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and its effect on serum levels of immune globulin(Ig)A, IgG, IgM.
Methods:
Sixty-two KOA patients who met the inclusion criteria were divided into 2 groups by random number table (31 cases in each group). The control group was treated with routine thrapy. Based on the control group, the observation group was treated with Kinesio taping combined with warm needling. After 6 weeks treatment, scores of visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate knee pain, Japanese orthopaedic association (JOA) scale was used to evaluate knee function, and Lequesne index was used to evaluate disease severity. The score of TCM clinical symptoms was conducted according to the KOA symptom grading quantification table, and the quality of life was evaluated according to the Chinese version of the MOS item short from health survey (SF-36). The Immunoglobulin(Ig)A, IgG and IgM levels were detected by ELISA method.
Results:
The total effective rate in the observation group was 93.5%, and the control group was 71.0% (28/31). The difference was statistically significant between two groups (