Objective: By constructing the cash flow model, it proposed the premium adjustment mechanism of critical illness insurance(CII). Methods: Based on the practical data of critical illness insurance in China, it established some actuarial assumptions and cash flow model to simulate and analyze premium adjustment mechanism of CII. Results: ( 1) Because of the deterioration of critical illness incidence rate and the change of market interest rates , CII guaranteed premium usually resents pricing risk, which showed that the cash flow is negative, sometimes accumulated cash is negative; (2) based on the criteria of insurance cost adjustment, it is suggested that when the loss rate reached more than 70%, which could permit the insurance company adjust the premium, if the loss rate reached more than 80%, it needs to compulsory the insurance companies to adjust premium. Conclusion: The study proposes the mechanism of CII premium adjustment, provides guidance for practice.

Objective To analyze the diagnostic values of ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT)for gallbladder adenomyomatosis. Methods The ultrasound and CT findings of 28 cases of pathologically confirmed gallbladder adenomyomatosis in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.The diagnostic values of the two imaging tools for gallbladder adenomyomatosis were analyzed with the pathological diagnosis as the gold standard.Comparison of rates was made by chi-square test;multiple comparisons of rates were made by partition of chi-square.Results Before operation,among the 28 patients,15 were diagnosed with gallbladder adenomyomatosis by ultrasonography,and 9 were diagnosed by CT;the diag-nostic rate of CT was 32.14%,and the diagnostic rate of ultrasonography was 53.57%.The chi-square test showed no difference between the di-agnostic rates of ultrasonography and CT for gallbladder adenomyomatosis (χ2 =2.63,P=0.10>0.05).In addition,the statistical results showed no differences between the diagnostic rates of ultrasonography and CT for various types of gallbladder adenomyomatosis (segmental type:χ2 =0,P=0.11>0.0125;diffuse type:χ2 =2.57,P=1.00>0.0125;focal type:χ2 =1.42,P=0.23>0.0125).Conclusion CT and ultrasonography are two important imaging methods for the diagnosis of gallbladder adenomyomatosis.The detection rate of gallbladder adenomyomatosis can be in-creased through the combination of convex array probe and linear array probe in ultrasonography.

Objective To assess the efficacy and adverse reaction of Lanthanum carbonate in patients with hyperphosphatemia and high calcium times phosphate product receiving maintenance hemodialysis.Methods Twenty-three hemodialysis patients with serum phosphate ≥ 2.0 mmol/L and/or the serum calcium times phosphate product ≥ 4.52 mmol2/L2 were prescribed Lanthanum carbonate chewed with meals for 4 weeks.Blood (Hb), serum albumin (ALB), alanine amino shift enzyme (ALT), aspartic acid transaminase (AST) ,calcium(CA), phosphorus (P) calculated the product of calcium and phosphorus (Ca×P) and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) level were checked before and after Lantharum carbonate therapy.The adverse reactions were recorded concomitantly.Results Serum phosphate and the serum calcium time phosphate product significantly decreased after 1 month Lanthanum carbonate therapy((2.48±0.55) mmol/L vs.(1.83 ±0.37) mmol/L, (5.21 ± 1.35) mmol2/L2 vs.(4.10±0.96) mmol2/L2;t =2.742,2.936;P＜0.05).Serum calcium, iPTH level and blood cells count remained no change(P＞0.05), while serum ALT, AST concentration within normal range.Five patients complained affordable abdomen discomfort or upset.Conclusion Lantharum carbonate show to effectively and quickly control serum phosphorus levels and calcium time phosphate product in hemodialysis patients without inducing changes in serum calcium and should be considered an ideal phosphate binder.

Objective To discuss the relation between gynecologic tumor and dysmenorrheal and tongue petechia, make clear the diagnostic value of tongue petechia in gynecology department tumor and dysmenorrheal, and provide theoretic basis for diagnosing gynecologic diseases by TCM. Methods A total of 169 patients with gynecologic tumor and dysmenorrheal were set as a treatment group, and a total of 211 patients who excluded the tongue signs of gynecologic tumor and dysmenorrheal were set as a control group. Tongue petechias were identified and compared between the two groups. Results ①Probability of tongue petechia showed a significantly higher value in the treatment group than the control group. (P<0.01) ; ②Probability of tongue petechia showed a significantly higher value of patients with tumor in the treatment group than patients with other gynecologic diseases in the control group (P< 0.05) ; ③Probability of tongue petechia showed a significantly higher value of patients with dysmenorrhea in the treatment group than patients with other gynecologic diseases in the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion ①Relevant researche of gynecologic tumor, dysmenorrheal and tongue petechia at the tip of tongue was based on TCM theory, diagnostics and clinical experiences. The data of this study has proven this diagnostic method.②Compared with other kinds of diseases, gynecologic tumor and dysmenorrheal showed a higher probability in the appearance of tongue petechia. Therefore, petechia at the tip of tongue can be used as one of diagnostic references for gynecologic tumor and dysmenorrheal.

To explore the effects of Qushi Huayu Decoction (QSHYD), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, in prevention and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rats.

OBJECTIVE: To study the mechanism of Qushi Huayu Decoction (QHD), a compound of traditional Chinese herbal medicine, in prevention and treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). METHODS: Thirty-five Wistar male rats were randomly divided into normal group, untreated group, QHD group and Ganle (diisopropylamine dichloroacetate) group. The rats except those in normal group were subcutaneously injected with carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) for 4 weeks (twice per week) and simultaneously fed with high-fat and low-protein diet for 2 weeks to induce NASH. Then, the rats were administrated with QHD, Ganle, or distilled water for 2 weeks, respectively. After harvest, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) content in serum as well as triglyceride (TG) and free fatty acid (FFA) in liver tissue were evaluated, and relativity analysis among these parameters was performed. Cathepsin B (Ctsb), phospho-inhibitor kappa B (P-IkappaB), TNF-alpha protein expressions in liver tissue were assayed with western-blot. The expression and distribution of ctsb in liver tissue were observed with immunohistochemical method. RESULTS: The contents of TG, FFA and activity of ALT were significantly decreased in QHD group. While in the Ganle group, only the activity of ALT in serum was decreased significantly. Expressions of Ctsb, P-IkappaB and TNF-alpha proteins in liver tissues and serum TNF-alpha level were all enhanced in untreated group which, however, were significantly inhibited in the QHD group. And as expected, there were significant relativities among contents of TG in liver tissues and the content of FFA in liver tissue and activity of ALT in serum, content of TNF-alpha in serum and content of FFA in liver tissue and activity of ALT in serum. CONCLUSION: The inhibiting effects of QHD on fat deposition and inflammation in liver are related with its inhibition on the "FFA-Ctsb-TNF-alpha" pathway of lipo-toxicity.

0.05),and there was significant difference in ICA,VP,RI,AT,and the levels of TXB_2 and 6-K-PGF_(1?) of the blood plasma(P

Objective:To study the effects of effective herbs in Yinchenhao Decoction(YD)on fatty deposition and TNF-?secretion of hepatic lipo-toxicity model in vitro.Methods:TG and TNF-?as the inspection target,apply the steatosis with TNF-?secretion lipo-toxicity model in vitro of HepG2 induced by long-chain FFA and uniform design U7(76)form for YD,which had 3 herbs,to compound 6 kinds of different prescriptions,in order to look for the effective herbs or optimized group in YD.Results:The Chinese medicine Yinchen and its optimized group-Yinchen and Zhizi combination can remarkably reduce the TG and TNF-?content.Conclusion:The Chinese medicine Yinchen and its optimized group-Yinchen and Zhizi combination were effective herbs in YD for inhibiting fatty deposition and TNF-?secretion of hepatic lipo-toxicity model in vitro.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in critical hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD).Methods The data from PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBSChost, Cochrane Library, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid, China Biology Medicine disc, Wanfang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Citation Database, and other references and grey literatures were retrieved, screening out all those related to clinical trials on treating critical HFMD by IVIG.Standard methods of the Cochrane Collaboration were employed to evaluate the methodological quality of the trials.Meta analysis was performed with Rev man 5.3 software.Results Eleven trials including 967 cases were investigated.The meta analysis showed that IVIG had significantly clinical efficacy (OR =6.84,95％ CI:3.74-12.52 ,P ＜ 0.05).IVIG could significantly decrease duration of fever (MD =-1.94,95％ CI:-3.07--0.81 ,P ＜0.05) ,hospitalization time (MD =-4.56,95％ CI:-8.95--0.17,P ＜0.05).There was no significant difference in duration of fever (MD =-0.28,95 ％ CI:-0.59-0.03, P ＞ 0.05), duration of herpes (MD =0.18,95％ CI:-0.22-0.59, P ＞ 0.05), hospitalization time (MD =-0.12,95％ CI:-0.47-0.23, P ＞ 0.05) when the dosage of injection was adjusted.Conclusions IVIG is recommended for treating critical HFMD because it is effective in decreasing the duration of fever and hospitalization.Well designed studies with more sample in multi-center are required in further study to explore the efficacy and safety of IVIG on critical HFMD.

Objective To observe the effect of fleabane injection on serum level of D-dimer, fibrinogen and hypersensitive C-reactive protein in patients with IgA nephropathy and to explore the mechanism of fleabane injection for treating IgA nephropathy. Methods 29 patients with IgA nephropathy were given fleabane injection together with routine treatment. Another group of 28 patients with IgA nephropathy were only treated with routine treatment as con-trol. Determinations of 24 hours urine protein output(24HPQ), serum level of D-dimer(D-D), Fibrinogen(Fib) and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were carried out pre- and post-study. Results Significant decrease in 24HPQ , serum level of D-D, Fib and hsCRP were observed in both treatment group and control group(P <0. 01 ～0. 05), but more significant in treatment group as compared with control group ( P < 0. 05). Conclusion Flea-bane Injection plus routine treatment could significantly decrease 24HPQ in patients with IgA nephropathy, and this maybe contribute to regulation of D-D, Fib and hsCRP by fleabane injection.