Objective The aim of the study was to observe the change of blood lipid in uremic patients after hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Methods Sera cholesterol(CH), triglyceride(TG), LDL, HDL, ApoA1, ApoB and LP(a) were measured in all patients who were dialystic treated before and after six months.Results CH, TG, LDL, HDL, ApoA1 and ApoB were significant increased in patients with uremia,but HDL, ApoA1 was significant decreased,they were apparent especially after peritoneal dialysis .However,the blood lipid levels of patients with hemodialysis or non-dialysis did not significant difference before or after treatment. Conclusions The metabolism of blood lipid in uremic patients have been changed. The disturbance will aggravate after peritoneal dialysis.We consider that therapy of reducing blood lipid is necessary in the both patients with dialysis and non- diaylsis for the uremic patients.

Objective To study the effect of shengmai injection on the cytotoxicity of lactate-buffered peritoneal dialysis solutes (L-PDS) to human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC). Methods HPMC was separated with trypsin-EDTA. HPMC proliferation and the concentration of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in supernatants were detected by MTT assay and automatic biochemical analyzer respectively. Results LDH levels of supernatants increased and prolifernation of HPMC was inhibited in L-PDS groups ( P

Background It is determined that riboflavin/ultraviolet A (UVA)-induced corneal collagen crosslinking is able to increase resistance of cornea against enzymatic digestion and has antimicrobial efficacy for various kinds of bacteria in vitro.However,its in vivo study is less now.Objective This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of iontophoresis-mediated corneal collagen crosslinking combined with or without drugs for Staphylococcus aureus keratitis.Methods Bacterial keratitis models were induced by the interstromaly injection of Staphylococcus aureus suspension with concentration 2× 109/ml in the right eyes of 40 rabbits,and then the rabbits were randomly classified into the model group,gatifloxacin eye drops group,riboflavin/UVA corneal crosslinking group and drugs+ crosslinking group.The smearing of corneal surface was performed for the identification of bacteria 24 hours after injection.Iontophoresis-mediated riboflavin/UVA crosslinking was applied on the eyes of the riboflavin/UVA corneal crosslinking group and drugs+crosslinking group,and gatifloxacin eye drops was topically used 7 times per day on the eyes of the gatifloxacin eye drops group and drugs+crosslinking group.The corneal inflammation was examined and graded under the slit lamp biomicroscope before and after treatment.Ocular anterior segment optical coherence tomography(AS-OCT),corneal histopathology and ultrastructure were examined 14 days after treatment.The living environment of the experimental animals was maintained at 21 ℃ with a 12-hour light and dark cycle.Animals used in this study were treated in accordance with the Weifang Medical College Animal Experimentation Ethic Committee (AEEC) guidelines.The study protocol was approved by the AEEC.Results Corneal inflammation and ulcer were observed,but no significant difference was found in the inflammatory grade among the 4 groups 24 hours after injection (x2=0.293,P＞0.05).In the 14th day after injection,the corneal ulcer area was smaller and corneal edema was milder in the drugs+crosslinking group compared with the model group,gatifloxacin eye drops group and riboflavin/ UVA corneal crosslinking group,showing a significant difference in the inflammatory grade among them (x2 =38.710,P＜0.001).The cornea thickness values of ulcer zone were (428.1 ± 146.2) μm on the 14th postinjected day in the drugs+crosslinking group,which was evidently higher than those in the model group,gatifloxacin eye drops group and riboflavin/UVA corneal crosslinking group,with a significant difference among the 4 groups (F =8.310,P＜0.001).A lower degree of destruction of cornea collagen and less inflammatory cells were seen in the cornea tissue of the drugs+ crosslinking group by haematoxylin and eosin staining in comparison with other 3 groups,and normal keratocytes were much more in the drugs + crosslinking group than those in other treated groups.Conclusions Iontophoresismediated corneal collagen crosslinking can alleviate Staphylococcus aureus keratitis.The combination of crosslinking with drugs has a better effectiveness than the administration of gatifloxacin eye drops only or riboflavin/UVA corneal crosslinking only.

100 mm/h, group D).The tumor size/stage of the 4 ESR groups were analyzed by means of SPSS10.0. Results There were 89 cases with normal ESR,18 cases in group A,49 cases in group B,14 cases in group C and 3 cases in group D.For the correlation of ESR and tumor size,the analysis resulted in ?2 =13.621,P=0.003;Spearman correlation analysis results were:correlation coefficient of 0.341,P=0.002.For the correlation of ESR and tumor stage, the analysis resulted in ?2 =5.959 and P=0.114;Spearman correlation analysis results were:correlation coefficient of 0.208,P=0.057. Conclusions These results suggest that ESR is positively correlated with the size of renal cell carcinoma;however,there is no association between ESR and tumor stages.

Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effect of adenovirus-mediated herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase (TK) gene combined with ?-IFN on renal clear-cell carcinoma. Methods: Adenovirus containing suicide gene TK, in combination with GCV or ?-IFN, was used to treat human renal clear-cell carcinoma cell line 786-0, and the in vitro cytotoxic effects against 786-0 were evaluated using MTT method. The subcutaneous transplantation model of 786-0 cells was established with nude mice. Adenovirus containing TK gene was injected intratumorally and the GCV (50 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally; ?-IFN (104 U/L) was injected intratumorally in combined therapy. The growth of tumors was observed after treatments. Results: The survival rate of 786-0 cells was (35.07?1.43)% in the TK+GCV+?-IFN group, (68.57?1.41)% in the TK+GCV group and (68.65?1.45)% in the ?-IFN group ( P=0.000). There was an obvious synergic effect between Ad-TK and ?-IFN in inhibiting 786-0 cells. Ad-TK combined with GCV and ?-IFN significantly suppressed the growth of 786-0 cells growth in nude mice model.Conclusion: Adenovirus-mediated TK plus prodrug GCV combined with ?-IFN has obvious therapeutic effect in treatment of human renal clear-cell carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the effects of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) siRNA delivered by pRetro-Super (PRS) retrovirus vector on extracellular matrix and VEGF expression in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC). Methods Four pairs of oligonucleotides including 64 bp DNA were designed and synthesized in vitro according to siRNA target sequence and PRS retrovirus desire.PRS-CTGF-siRNA1-4 recombinant retrovirus vectors were constructed.The recombinant retrovirus vectors containing CTGF-siRNA were transferred into PT67 packaging cell lines with lipefectamine 2000,then infected HPMC.mRNA expression was determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and protein expression was determined by Western blot.Results Both mRNA and protein expressions of CTGF,FN,Col I,laminin (LN) and VEGF were significantly increased in HPMC with 5 μg/L TGF-β1 stimulation (P＜0.01,respectively).CTGF,FN,Col I,LN mRNA and protein and VEGF mRNA expression stimulated by TGF-β1 were significantly decreased in HPMC infected with PRS-CTGF-siRNA1～4 retrovirus vectors (P＜0.01,respectively).The inhibitory rates on CTGF were 69.3%,22.2%,27.4% and 38.8%,respectively (P＜0.01).At the same time,there was also a significant reduction of VEGF protein expression in HPMC infected with PRS-CTGF-siRNA1 vector (P＜0.01).There was no significant difference in HPMC infected with PRS void vector. Conclusion CTGF siRNA delivered by PRS retrovirus vector can effectively inhibit the enhancement of extracellular matrix and VEGF expression stimulated by TGF-β1 in HPMC.

Objective To investigate the role of oxidative stress in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transdifferentiation (EMT) of peritoneal mesothelial cells in rat model of peritoneal fibrosis and the effect of probucol on peritoneal fibrosis. Methods The rat model of peritoneal fibrosis was induced by 4.25% high glucose peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF). The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:the control group, the saline group, the peritoneal fibrosis group, and the probucol group. A 4 hour peritoneal equilibration test (PET) was performed 4 weeks later. The peritoneal function and net ultrafiltration (UF) volume were determined. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in peritoneal tissue were examined. The histology of peritoneal membrane was evaluated by light microscopy. E-cadherin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical method and Western blot.Results The mesothelial cells were detached from peritoneal membrane in peritoneal firbosis rats. Comparing with the control rats, the thickness of visceral peritoneum, the level of MDA, and the-SMA protein expression were increased while the net ultrafiltration volume, the level of GSH-Px and E-cadherin protein expression were decreased in peritoneal firbosis rats. All these changes were reversed in the rats treated with probucol.Conclusion Oxidative stress plays an important role in transdifferentiation of peritoneal mesothelial cell in the peritoneal fibrosis rats. Probucol can improve structure and function of peritoneum, and partially reverse the EMT by reducing the oxidative stress.

Currently, monitoring system of awareness of the depth of anesthesia has been more and more widely used in clinical practices. The intelligent evaluation algorithm is the key technology of this type of equipment. On the basis of studies about changes of electroencephalography (EEG) features during anesthesia, a discussion about how to select reasonable EEG parameters and classification algorithm to monitor the depth of anesthesia has taken place. A scheme which combines time domain analysis, frequency domain analysis and the variability of EEG and decision tree as classifier and least squares to compute Depth of anesthesia Index (DOAI) is proposed in this paper. Using the EEG of 40 patients who underwent general anesthesia with propofol, and the classification and the score of the EEG annotated by anesthesiologist, we verified this scheme with experiments. Classification and scoring was based on a combination of modified observer assessment of alertness/sedation (MOAA/S), and the changes of EEG parameters of patients during anesthesia. Then we used the BIS index to testify the validation of the DOAI. Results showed that Pearson's correlation coefficient between the DOAI and the BIS over the test set was 0.89. It is demonstrated that the method is feasible and has good accuracy.
Algorithms ; Anesthesia, General ; Decision Trees ; Electroencephalography ; Entropy ; Humans ; Intraoperative Awareness ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; Propofol

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical characteristics,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of limited stage primary esophageal small cell carcinoma (PESC).MethodsClinical data was retrospectively analyzed for 42 patients with pathologically confirmed PESCs who underwent transthoracic esophagectomy with lymphadenectomy from Nov.1990 to Dec.2010 at the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College.The survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier method.ResultsThe clinical symptoms,imaging and endoscopic features of PESC were similar to those of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).Of the 26 cases that received pre-operative endoscopic biopsy,only five cases were diagnosed as PESC,while the other 21 cases were misdiagnosed as ESCC.The mean follow-up time of this series was 25.3 months (0-123 months).34 patients died of the disease during the follow-up;7 were still alive and 1 was lost.The median survival time (MST) of the 41 patients was 13.0 months (95 ％ confidence interval 6.3-19.7),and the 6-,12-,24-,36-,and 60-month overall survival rates (OS) were 78.6 ％,57.5 ％,30.8 ％,23.7 ％,10.5 ％,respectively.ConclusionPESC is a rare disease with poor prognosis,and is prone to be misdiagnosed by endoscopic biopsy.Currently no standard treatment has been established.

Objective This retrospective study is designed to analyze the cardiovascular events of CTO to provide new information on secondary prevention of CHD in patients after hospital discharge. Methods 272 patients with definite diagnosis of CTO were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether suffering from cardiovascular events, with 167 patients in group A who had not suffered from the cardiovascular events and 105 patients in group B who had suffered from the cardiovascular events. We com-pared the clinical data, severity of coronary artery lesion, treatment in two groups. Results Between two groups, there was statistic signifi-cance in LDL -C, EF, Gensini scots, the number of coronary artery lesion, the number of chronic total coronary occlusion and PCI success. Logistic regression analysis revealed that Gensini scots was the independent factors for prognosis of CTO. Conclusion Gensini scors was the independent factor for prognosis of CTO.