Objective Rats bladder ncNOS IR following intravesical instillation of capsaicin after chronic spinal cord injury(SCI) was studied to investigate the mechanism of ncNOS IR in pathological bladder. Methods 44 adult Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal group,sham injury group and spinal cord injury group(4～5 weeks after T 8～9 spinalization).A dose of 1 mmol/L capsaicin was instilled in part of SCI rats.the distribution of ncNOS IR in bladder base,bladder body and bladder dome of all rats were examined. Results In rats,the ncNOS IR did not differ between the normal group (11.1?0.9) and the SCI group (12.8?1.3).Intravesical instillation of capsaicin significantly up regulated ncNOS IR in rat bladder of SCI group (26.1?2.7, P

Objective The TiO2 nanotube arrays,fabricated on the surface of orthopedics,was characterized,to provide carrier for orthopedics plant surface modification or coating,and seek a new way for the prevention and treatment of orthopedics plant infection.Methods By adjusting certain parameters,TiO2 nanotube arrays were fabricated on orthopedic titanium plate surface using the method of anodic oxidation,with glycerol system as electrolyte,orthopedics titanium plate as anode,and platinum electrode as cathode.TiO2 nanotube arrays were characterized.The element composition of TiO2 nanotube arrays was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),and the morphological changes of TiO2 nanotube arrays was observed at high temperature (300 ℃) by X-ray diffractomer (XRD).Results With glycerol system as electrolyte,TiO2 nanotube array with diameter of about 100 to 200 nm and the length less than 3μm can be fabricated on orthopedic titanium plate surface using anodic oxidation of 24 h.The surface of orthopedic titanium plate was changed from silver white to deep blue in the macroscopic view.The TiO2 nanotube array on orthopedics titanium plate surface was mainly composed of Ti element (75.88％),O element (20.16％),and F element (3.96％) by XPS analysis.TiO2 nanotube arrays morphology was stable when it was heated to 300 ℃ by muffle furnace.Conclusions The method of anodic oxidation can be applied to manufacture TiO2 nanotubes array on titanium plate surface.The array with stable morphology,the inner hollow shape,the bottom sealing,and a large specific surface area,can withstand high temperature,which can provide carrier for orthopedics plant surface modification or coating.

This study was undertaken to examine ncNOS IR in bladder after spinal cord injury (SCI). In the meantime, we determine rats bladder ncNOS IR following intravesical instillation of capsaicin after SCI. Adult Sprague Dawley rats and guinea pigs were randomly divided into normal group, sham injury group, spinal cord injury group (4～5weeks after T 8～9 transection). A dose of 1mmol/L intravesical capsaicin was instilled in a part of SCI rats. Bladders of all animals were divided into three tissue pieces: bladder base, bladder body and bladder dome,in which the distribution of ncNOS IR was examined. Spinal transection induced a significant ncNOS IR increase in guinea pig bladder base. In rats, the quantity of ncNOS IR did not differ between the two groups. Instillation of intravesical capsaicin can cause significant up regulation of rat bladder ncNOS IR after SCI. The increase of ncNOS IR in SCI animals bladder indicates that NO may play an important role in the regulation of micturition reflex after SCI. In SCI rats, ncNOS IR can significantly be up regulated by intravesical capsaicin instillation, suggesting that NO may act as a factor in the action of capsaicin.

Objective To detect the effect of oridonin(ORI)on the gene expression of human esophageal carcinoma cell SHEEC and to screen the tumor cell apoptosis target genes.Methods The gene expression of human esophageal carcinoma cell SHEEC without and with ORI induction for 1 hours and 8 hours were detected with microarray technique,respectively.The differentially expressed genes were identified and verified with fluorecent quantitative PCR.Results A total of 1011 genes showed up or down regulation more than twice after ORI induction(including 280 genes after 1 hour and 731 genes after 8 hours induction respectively).In these genes,17 genes with the top extent of up or down regulation were identified,which were involved in the cell signal transduction,transcription regulation,and cell apoptosis.These 17 differentially expressed genes were verified with real-time PCR,and 12 genes were statistically significant.Conclusion In the 12 differentially expressed genes with statistically significance,there may have tumor cell apoptosis target genes induced by ORI through mitochondrion route.

Objective To investigate the relationship of 24 h urinary potassium (K) measurement and the symptoms change in ketamine-associated cystitis.Methods Forty-three ketamine-associated cystitis patients (29 male cases,14 female cases) were analyzed.The average age was 22 (17-29) years.Thirty-two patients without indwelling urinary catheter were categorized as group A,while the other 11 patients with indwelling urinary catheter were in group B.The therapy regimes consisted of anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,relieving spasm and pain,improving the microcirculation and repairing the bladder epithelium barrier.Thirty healthy adults were selected as the controls.Urinary K,sodium (Na) and creatinine (Cr)were determined in 24 h urine samples from all patients and controls before and after treatments.24 h urinary Cr was used as the internal standard.24 h urinary K and Na concentrations of the patients were calculated as relative to the Cr concentrations.The pelvic pain and urgency/frequency symptom (PUF) was used for evaluation before and after the treatments.The differences of urinary K were compared within each group and between groups before and after treatments.In addition,relationship of urinary K and PUF were assessed.Results Urinary Cr concentrations in all groups were not significantly different (P ＞ 0.05).Patients in group A had lower average K-to-Cr ratios than those patients in group B and controls (A 1.80 ± 0.67 vs.B 6.22±0.92 mmolK/mmol Cr,P=0.0001; A 1.80±0.67 vs.controls 6.47 ±0.97 mmol K/mmol Cr,P =0.0001) before treatments.But the ratios of K-to-Cr in group A were not significantly different with group B and controls after treatments (A 6.23 ± 1.42 vs.B 6.02 ± 0.98 mmol K/mmol Cr,A 6.23 ± 1.42vs.controls 6.47 ±0.97 mmol K/mmol Cr,F =0.698,P =0.472).PUF in both groups was not significantly different before treatments.For group A,PUF was negatively correlated with urinary K before and after treatments (before: r=-0.637,P=0.0001; after: r=-0.427,P=0.015).For group B,PUF had no correlation with urinary K before treatment (r=0.581,P =0.188),while there was a negative correlation between them after treatments (r =-0.779,P =0.005).PUF scores in all patients (group A + B)were significantly decreased after treatments when compared to those before treatments (18.12 ± 2.83 vs.22.77 ± 3.63,P =0.0001).Conclusion Urinary potassium measurement may have a role in evaluating the disease status and efficacy of treatments of patients suffered from ketamine-associated cystitis.

Objective To establish the a staging system based on scoring of ketamine associated urinary dysfunction (KAUD) and evaluate its diagnosis performance and clinical value.Methods A retrospective analysis of 135 admitted KAUD patients from September 2009 to September 2015 was performed.All patients were classified into three stages according to bladder and upper urinary tract impairment, and treated with subsequent strategy.The behavioral modification and pharmacotherapy was performed in stage Ⅰ which image investigation was normal.Hydrodistension and intravesical perfusion was used if pharmacotherapy failed in stage Ⅱ patients who had bladder impairment in image or urodynamics.Augmentation cystoplasty or cystectomy with urinary diversion was optional if aforementioned treatment failed in stage Ⅲ who had upper urinary tract involvement and abnormal renal function.The voided volume, micturition interval, and nocturnal void frequency as recorded in their 3-day bladder diary, PUF, ICPI and ICSI score after treatment in one month, were compared with their baseline data prior to treatment.Ketamine abusing history, renal and liver function, bladder and upper urinary tract changes, urodynamics and radioisotope renography correlation with stages were analyzed.A scoring system was established and the concordance between the clinical staging and model staging of each patient was compared.Receiver operating characteristic curve was employed to testify the sensitivity and specificity.Results There were 39, 80 and 16 patients included in each stage respectively.After subsequent strategy of treatment, voided volume, micturition interval, and nocturnal void frequency, PUF, ICPI and ICSI were improved significantly.Age (P =0.018), ketamine abusing history (P =0.006), eGFR (P =0.001), ALT (P =0.037), γ-GT (P ＜ 0.001), bladder (P =0.013) and ureteral changes (P ＜ 0.001), hydronephrosis (P ＜ 0.001) and radioisotope renography abnormality (P =0.01) were correlated with clinical stages.In total, 107 cases' stages based on scoring were accordant with clinical stages (30, 65 and 12 cases in each stage respectively).AUC of the scoring model ROC was 0.922 on cut point between Ⅰ and Ⅱ stages and AUC of the scoring model ROC was 0.978 on cut point between Ⅱ and Ⅲ stages.Conclusions We presented a scoring staging system of KAUD based on ketamine abusing history, laboratory test results, and imaging findings.It might be helpful to evaluate the progression on bladder and upper urinary tract, and provide a reference for treatment.This staging system based on scoring still needs further validation and improvement.

Objective To identify the risk factors of chronic ketamine-induced upper urinary tract dysfunction (KUUTD).Methods Medical records of 103 patients with ketamine-associated urinary dysfunction(KAUD) from Sep.2009 to Jul.2015 were retrospectively reviewed.All the patients were divided into the upper urinary tract dysfunction group(n =39)or the normal group(n =64)according to the diagnostic criteria.Indexes such as general features (age,gender,BMI),drug-abusing characteristics (abusing time,frequency,dose,abstinent period),duration of LUTS,pelvic pain and urgency/frequency symptom score(PUF score),serum parameters (WBC,ALT,AST,γ-GT),bladder diary (daytime inter-void interval,nocturia,average urine volume),urodynamic data (maximum cystometric capacity,post-void residual,maximum urethral closure pressure,maximum and average flow rate,instable contraction,bladder compliance) and imaging manifestations were compared between the two groups.Logistic regression analysis was performed for the evaluation of variables with statistical significance.Results There was significantly difference between the two groups in BMI (t =2.127,P =0.043),drug-abusing frequency (t =2.335,P =0.029),abstinent period (t =3.451,P =0.003),duration of LUTS (t =2.289,P =0.036),PUF score (t =3.030,P =0.004),γ-GT value(t =2.697,P =0.012),MCC(t =5.056,P ＜ 0.001),MUCP(t =3.015,P =0.008),BC (t =8.562,P ＜ 0.001) and imaging findings of bladder contracture (x2 =15.155,P ＜0.001).The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that drug-abusing frequency(OR =1.279,P =0.038),abstinent period(OR =0.394,P =0.028),γ-GT value (OR =1.007,P =0.032),MCC (OR =0.775,P =0.011)and BC (OR =0.013,P =0.008)were the key factors of KUUTD.Conclusion Consecutive and frequent drug abuse,combination with chronic obstructive cholangitis,reduced capacity and low compliance bladder are the risk factors of upper urinary tract dysfunction associated with ketamine abuse.

Objective To study tirofiban intravenous injection,coronary artery injection of the two different methods in acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction,the application of emergency PCI.Methods Patients underwent emergency PCI with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction as the research subjects,a total of 108 cases,the patients were randomly divided into the observation group and control group,54 patients in each group. In the observation group,the first dose of tirofiban was injected into the coronary artery.The control group was treated by intravenous injection.The results of the two groups were compared.Results Before treatment,TIMI level 2 and level 3 ratio,initial corrected TIMI frame count of the observation group were significantly lower than the control group (χ2 /t =4.32,4.59,5.25,all P <0.05).After treatment,MBG level 2 or level 3 ratio,post -operative corrected TIMI frame count of the observation group were significantly higher than the control group (χ2 /t =4.11,4.85,5.87, all P <0.05).1 h after PCI treatment,the number of cases of ST fully back,the added value of EF,plague index scores of observation group were 53 cases,(8.02 ±6.94)%,(0.41 ±0.28)respectively,which were significantly higher than those of the control group 36 cases,(5.87 ±6.54)%,(0.28 ±0.27)(χ2 /t =5.32,4.32,3.65,all P <0.05).Adverse events of the two groups had no significant difference (χ2 =0.52,P >0.05).Conclusion Compared with intravenous injection,tirofiban in the treatment of acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction by intracoronary injection can improve the level of myocardial perfusion after PCI operation,promote the recovery of left ventricular function,and has high security.

Objective To explore the potential association of HLA-A alleles and genetic susceptibility with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods Polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP) was used to analyze the distribution of HLA-A alleles among 106 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and 122 healthy persons. Results Nineteen out of twenty-four kinds of HLA-A alleles were found from the specimens, including 18 kinds in SLE specimens, and 15 kinds in control specimens. Among them, HLA-A*11 allele was positively associated with SLE (RR = 2.4380, EF = 0.1502, ?2 = 12.2440, P = 0.0005, Pc = 0.0095). For A*01 and A*24, although the P values were less than 0.05, the Pc values were more than 0.05 (0.9462 or 0.2356, respectively). Conclusions The results indicate that HLA-A*11 may be the susceptible allele or may be closely linked with the susceptible genes in Chinese SLE patients.

Objective To investigate the clinical features and characteristics of coronary artery lesion between Hui and Han nationality young pa?tient with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)who were referred to the affiliated hospital of Ningxia Medical University. Methods A total of 189 con?secutive AMI young patients(age≤44 years)who underwent coronary angiography were retrospectively retrieved from the database.Those patients with AMI were divided into Hui group(46 cases)and Han group(143 cases). The clinical features and results of coronary angiogram were com?pared between the two group. Results Compared with Han group,Hui group are more younger than Han group,high prevalence rate of diabetes, lower smoking history and lower drinking history(P<0.05). Coronary angiography showed the incidence of three?vessel lesions was significant low?er in Han group than in Hui group(P<0.05). Both group showed single vessel was the most common lesion. Conclusion Hui nationality patients with acute myocardial infraction are more younger and are are more prone to suffering from diabetes history、lower smoking history and lower drinking history than Han nationality patients. The coronary artery lesions of Hui nationality patients with acute acute myocardial infraction are more three?branch lesions than Han nationality patients.