Objective To explore the relationship of recurrence rate and the age and body temperature of fitrst febrile seizures (FS) in children.Methods One hundred and ninety-two cases of FS admitted to our hospital from Jan 2004 to Jun 2006,were divided into three groups according to the initial onset of body temperature with FS:＞40.0 ℃,～40.0 ℃,≤38.5 ℃ ;three groups according to the duration between fever initiation and seizure attack:≤6 h,～ 12 h,～24 h,＞24 h;four groups according to age:≤6 months,～ 18 months,～ 3 years,＞ 3 years.For each group of children with FS,the recurrence rate and follow-up were compared.Results All cases were followed up to 6 years old,22 cases were lost,and the follow-up rate was 88.5％ (170/192).Follow-up of 170 children with FS,the recurrence rate was 32.6％ (15/46),51.1％ (46/90) and 79.4 ％ (27/34) in each group of temperature ＞ 40.0 ℃,～ 40.0 ℃,and ≤ 38.5 ℃.There were statistically significant among three groups (x2 =17.18,P ＜ 0.05).Duration of fever before seizures ≤ 6 h group,～24 h group,＞ 24 h group,the recurrence rate were 70.7 ％ (29/41),51.6％ (49/95) and 29.4％ (10/34) respectively,the recurrence rate was significant difference among the three groups(x2 =12.71,P ＜0.05).The recurrence rate of different age groups in initial attack of FS were 84.6％ (22/26),63.4％ (45/71),39.5％ (15/38),17.I％ (6/35),the differences were statistically significant (x2 =34.17,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion There was higher recurrence rate of febrile seizure in small children,lower body temperature and shorter duration between fever initiation and seizure attack.

Objective To determine which is more effective and safe treatment for controlling febrile seizures in children: Nasal midazolam or intravenous diazepam. Methods Thirty-six children, aged from 6 months to 6 years, with a diagnosis of febrile seizures and seen at Jieyang People's Hospital were in cluded inthis study. Midazolam 0.2～0.3 mg/kg was administered Nasally in 30 seconds by an injector, intravenous di-azepam 0.2～0.3 mg/kg was administered as control group. Results In the Nasal midazolam group, the seizures of 16(16/18) patients terminated in 10 minutes; In the intravenous diazepam group, 15(15/18) pa-tients terminated in 10 minutes, the difference was no statistically significant (P>0.05). the time from pa-tients arrival the hospital to the seizures terminated, the Nasal midazolam group is (209.2±26.1) s;the intra-venous diazepam group is (339.6±42.4) s, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Con-clusion Nasal midazolam is as effective as intravenous diazepam. However, It is easier to use in nasal drop. it will be very useful for febrile seizures.

Objective To compare the efficacy of continuous midazolam and diazepam infusion for the control of continuous status epileptics (CSE), and to investigate each safe dosage and serious side effect. Meth-otis Forteen children, 0.2 to 12 years of age, with CASE were divided into two groups: in midazolam group (n = 8), seizures uncontrolled after one doses of 0.3 mg/kg of midazolam, continuous midazolam in incremen-tal doses given as a drip infusion was administered; in diazepam group (n = 6), seizures uncontrolled after one doses of 0.3 mg/kg of diasepam, continuous diazepam in incremental doses given as a drip infusion was admin-istered, then comparing the therapeutic effects, and the safe dosages and side effects of midazolam and diazepam were checked. Results Continuous midazolam and diazepam infusions were equally effective for control of re-fractory status epilepticus. There was no significant difference in the proportion of children in two groups with successful control of CSE (P>0.05). However, midazolam was less serious side effect than diazepam. Respira-tory depression was found in one diazepam case. Conclusion Midazolam is effective and safe, and can be used as the first line durg in the treatment of status epilepticus in children.

Objective To investigate the biological properties of Schistosoma japonicum SjGrpE protein, and to express and purify the recombinant SjGrpE protein and test its immunogenicity. Methods The amino acid composition, molecular weight, hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, transmembrane region, signal peptide, localization, phosphorylation site, ubiquitination site, glycosylation site, secondary and tertiary structures and B cell epitopes of the SjGrpE protein were predicted using bioinformatics analyses. The SjGrpE gene was amplified using PCR assay using S. japonicum cDNA as a template, double enzyme-digested and linked to the pET28a vector to yield the recombinant plasmid pET28a-SjGrpE. The recombinant plasmid pET28a-SjGrpE was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21, and then IPTG was employed to induce the expression of the target protein, which was purified by nickel ion affinity chromatography. After mice were immunized with the recombinant SjGrpE protein, mouse sera were collected, and the polyclonal antibody against the SjGrpE protein was characterized. Results SjGrpE protein, which was identified as a hydrophilic protein, was predicted to have a molecular weight of approximately 24.3 kDa without transmembrane regions or signal peptides, and locate in the mitochondrion. SjGrpE protein contained 18 phosphorylation sites and 2 ubiquitination sites, but had no glycosylation sites. In addition, SjGrpE protein contained 5 B-cell epitopes. The full length of SjGrpE gene was approximately 660 bp. The recombinant pET28a-SjGrpE plasmid was successfully generated, and the recombinant SjGrpE protein was obtained following the affinity chromatography, which stimulated mice to secrete high-titer antibodies. Conclusions The recombinant SjGrpE protein has been successfully prepared and this recombinant protein has a high immunogenicity, which provides a basis for evaluating its value as a vaccine candidate for S. japonicum infections.

Objective To observe the influences of different analgesic methods on blood sugar, stress hormones and cytokinesMethods According to different postoperative analgesic methods, 30 patients immediately after elective cholecystectomy, were randomly divided into four groups: normal saline was infused epidurally in group C as control; analgesia via epidural infusion of morphine 2 mg in group EM; patient-controlled analgesia via epidural or intravenous fentanyl in group PCEFA or group PCIFABlood sugar, cortisol, insulin, interlukin-2 (IL-2), interlukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?) levels were determined during the perioperative periodResults Postoperative visual analog score was higher in group C than that in group EM, group PCEFA or group PCIFA (P005)Conclusions Postoperative application of PCEFA can much more help to maintain the stability of neuroimmunoendocrinal system

Objective To investigate the effect of tetramethylpyrazine(TMP), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on the neural injury caused by spinal cord ischemia and reperfusion in rabbit.Methods Twenty-two male New Zealand white rabbits were anesthetized with isoflurane. Spinal cord ischemia was induced by 20min by infra-renal aortic occlusion. Animals were randomly allocated to 3 groups. Group C received no pharmacologic intervention. Group P and T received 30 mg?kg -1 TMP infused iv at a constant rate over 30min before aortic crossclamping(prevention) and after reperfusion(therapeutic) respectively. Neurologic deficit was assessed at 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48h after reperfusion using neurologic dificit score(NDS 4 = normal, 0 = paraplegia) . The animals were sacrificed at 48h after reperfusion and spinal cords (L 5-7) were removed immediately for histopathologic study.Results All animals survived the experiment. The NDSs at each observation interval were significantly higher in group P and T than those in group C (P

107 copies/mi group. Conclusion: The presence of high amount of HBVDNA in serum is associated with suppressed co-stimulatory and regulatory effect of IL-12 to Th1/Th2 profilation

Objective To explore the anesthetic management during high intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU) for liver cancer. Methods A total of 21 patients underwent combined intravenous and inhaled general anesthesia.The anesthesia was induced by the administration of propofol,midazolam,fentanyl,and vecuronium.Endotracheal intubation was performed for mechanical ventilation.The anesthesia was maintained with inhalation of isoflurane or enflurane combined with additional administration of fentanyl,propofol,and vecuronium.Optimal analgesia and muscular relaxation condition were maintained and the hemodynamic parameters and body temperature were kept stable during the operation.Results All the 21 patients were successfully treated with HIFU under general anesthesia.A deepen anesthesia was required to depress stimulus responses while HIFU treatment in 2 patients.The duration of operation was 245~423 min(329?48 min),the time to recovery from the anesthesia was 7~18 min(11?3 min),and the time to extubation was 9~24 min(15?4 min).A small amount of pleural effusion was observed after operation in 1 patient and spontaneously disappeared after 2 weeks.Conclusions Combined intravenous and inhaled general anesthesia is a safe and effective anesthetic method for HIFU treatment for liver cancer.

Objective To clone human cell division cycle gene 2(CDC2)from human liver cancer tissue and express CDC2 protein in E.coli BL-21(DE3).Methods The total RNA was extracted from liver cancer tissue and amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The PCR products were cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET28a(+)followed by DNA sequencing.The recombinant pET28a(+)/CDC2(rCDC2)plasmid was transformed into E.coli.The rCDC2 was induced with IPTG and characterized by SDS-PAGE.Results The cloned CDC2 gene was composed of 894 nucleotides,and is accordance with that reported in GenBank.The prokaryotic expression vector was constructed successfully.The CDC2 protein was successfully expressed in E.coli.Conclusion The CDC2 cDNA is successfully cloned from human liver cancer tissue,and can express in E.coli.

Objective To evaluate the anesthesia and perioperative treatment for simultaneous liver-kidney-pancreas transplantation. Methods The preoperative preparation included improvement of the hepatic function, alleviation of uremia and control of blood glucose level. General anesthesia was employed and maintained with isoflurane combined with intermittent intravenous administration of midazolam, fentanyl and vecuronium. Dopamine and low dose of epinephrine were used to maintain arterial blood pressure if necessary. The parameters of blood coagulation, the indexes of hepatic and renal function, blood glucose and amylase levels in blood and urine were surveyed regularly. The treatment was adjusted according to the results of tests mentioned above. Results The circulation was stable and blood gas was normal in the course of surgery. The concentration of blood glucose was higher at the end of the operation than that of pre-operation. Normal hepatic and pancreatic function was achieved about a week after operation, while the renal function showed no satisfactory improvement. The patient was given hemodialysis until the second transplantation of kidney. Three days later, the renal function recovered to normal. Up to the present, all the grafted organs showed good function. Conclusion Appropriate preoperative preparation, optimal anesthetic procedure and management, perfect protection of function of multiple organs, and maintenance of stable hemodynamics and homeostasis were the key points of successful anesthesia and management for simultaneous liver-kidney-pancreas transplantation.