Ubiquitin-like proteins are structurally similar to ubiquitin. These proteins are processed, activated, conjugated, and re-leased from conjugates by enzymatic steps that are similar to the corresponding mechanisms for ubiquitin. Ubiquitin-like proteins regu-late a wide array of cellular processes through modification processes, such as nuclear-cytosolic transport, transcriptional regulation, protein stability, response to stress, and progression through the cell cycle. A large number of recent studies have found dysfunctional ubiquitin-like proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma. These proteins are important in tumorigenesis, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and an-giogenesis. Anticancer drug studies revealed that regulating protein modification by using ubiquitin-like proteins may alter the anti-tu-mor effects of chemotherapy and thus influence the chemosensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma. Results indicate that ubiquitin-like proteins may become a new target for cancer therapy. The mechanism of ubiquitin-like proteins in tumorigenesis and hepatocellular car-cinoma progression is of great significance in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective To develop a new method to repair the defect after enlarged excision of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.Methods This study included 8 patients with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans measuring 2.5 to 5.5 cm in diameter.All the patients underwent enlarged excision of the affected skin and subcutaneous tissue.The defect measured 12.5 to 17.5 cm in diameter.Sieve skin flaps secured with a vacuum-assisted closure device were used to repair the huge surface defects.Results All the patients experienced the survival of sieve skin flaps at stage Ⅰ after operation,with no infection,effusion or necrosis.No relapse was observed during the 3 to 40 months of follow up.A satisfactory recovery was achieved in skin appearance and function with the formation of a flat scar,and no obvious proliferation occurred.Conclusion The vacuum-assisted closure device offers a safe and simple method for securing skin grafts to the defect after enlarged excision of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.

Objective To predict as well as bioinforrmatically analyze the target genes of has-miR-451.Methods miRBase, miRanda, TargetScan and PicTar were used to predict the target genes of hsa-miRNA-451.The functions of the target genes were demonstrated by Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment analysis.P＜0.05 was set as statistically significant.Results 18 target spots of hsa-miRNA-451 were predicted by 3 databases or prediction software at least.The functions of the target genes were enriched in proliferation and development of epithelial cells and regulation of kinase activity (P＜ 0.05).Pathway analysis showed that transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, epidermal growth factor signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway were significantly enriched (P＜0.05).Conclusion hsa-miRNA-451 might be involved in various signaling pathways related to proliferation and development of epithelial cells.

Objective To observe the level of the nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the exhaled breath condensate(EBC)and serum of the patients with ALI /ARDS, and investigate its clinical significance. Methods The study group included 52 mechanical ventilation patients with ALI/ARDS in ICU , which were divided into the survival and death group, while 30 healthy volunteers were recruited as healthy control. EBC samples of the healthy control and the study group on the 1st day and 5st day were collected by EcoScreen condenser with the synchronous collection of the venous blood. The concentrations of NO and ET-1 in the EBC and serum were measured by EIA. Results The levels of NO and ET-1 in EBC and serum of the patients with ALI /ARDS were all significantly higher than those of the healthy control. After treatment , the levels of NO and ET-1 in EBC and serum of the patients all decreased significantly compared with before treatment. After treatment , The levels of NO in EBC and serum of the survival group were significantly lower than those of the death group. After treatment , the levels of ET-1 in serum of the survival group was significantly lower than that of the death group. Conclusions Detecting the levels of NO and ET-1 in the EBC and serum can reflect oxidative stress , inflammatory reaction and endothelial injury in lung of patients with ALI/ARDS.

Objective To set up an apoptosis model of prostate cancer cell line and to clone and study the apoptosis related genes. Methods An apoptosis model of prostate cancer cell line DU-145 has been set up through induction by all transretinoic acid (ATRA).During the process of cell apoptosis the apoptosis-related gene was cloned by means of improved PCR-based subtractive hybridization from the apoptosis prostate cancer cell line DU-145 prostate cancer cells. Results During the process of DU-145 cell apoptosis,c-erb B-2 expression,TNF genes and some unknown apoptosis-related gene were observed.This has been accepted by Genebank,the accession number being AF174394. Conclusions ATRA-induced apoptosis of DU-145 cells is a complex process with multiple genes involved,some of which being unknown yet.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate clinical efficacy of oxaliplatin+calcium folinate+5-fluorouracil(mFOLFOX6),oxalipl-atin+capecitabine(CapeOX),irinotecan+calcium folinate+5-fluorouracil(FOLFIRI)for metastatic colorectal cancer,and to conduct cost-effectiveness analysis. METHODS:48 patients with colorectal cancer were divided into mFOLFOX6 group(30 cases),Cape-OX group(8 cases)and FOLFIRI group(10 cases). Clinical efficacy and ADR of 3 groups were analyzed,and cost-effectiveness analysis was also conducted. RESULTS:Clinical effective rates of mFOLFOX6 group,CapeOX group and FOLFIRI group were 96.67%,87.50% and 80.00%,respectively,the mFOLFX6 group was significantly higher than the other 2 groups,with statistical significance(P<0.05). mFOLFOX6 group had high incidence of gastrointestinal side effects (70.00%). FOLFIRI group had high incidence of myelosuppression (70.00%). CapeOX and mFOLFOX6 group suffered from liver injury possibly,without statistical significance (P>0.05). The C/E of mFOLFOX6 group,CapeOX group and FOLFIRI group were 11 950,15 674 and 18 397 re-spectively,to which results of sensitivity analysis were same. CONCLUSIONS:The cost-effectiveness of mFOLFOX6 regimen is superior to CapeOX and FOLFIRI regimen in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer,but it has the high incidence of gastroin-testinal side effects.

AIM: To investigate the ethanolic and aqueous extracts from Sancao prescription (Spica prunellae, Oldenlandia diffuse (willd) Roxb, Herba agrimoniae) on the proliferation of human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549). METHODS: 95% ,60% and 30% ethanolic extract and aqueous extract were prepared from Sancao pre-scription. The MTT assay was used to determine the inhibitory action against the proliferation of A549. RESULTS: IC_(50) of 60% ethanolic extract over A549 was one of the lowest in extracts. Combination of 60% and 90% ethanolic extract showed the synergistic antitumour activity. CONCLUSION: Ethanolic extract of Sancao prescription has and effect on human hung adenocarcinoma(A549).

Objective To study the relationship between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and proliferation of hepatic blood vessel and fibrosis in hepatitis B (HB) patients. Methods The total RNA of VEGF was extracted from human liver tissues, and VEGF mRNA probe was acquired by RT-PCR. It was then labeled on hepatic tissues of 160 patients with HB and 10 healthy individuals (control group). Immunohistochemistry of VEGF was performed at the same time. Results The results of hybridization in situ showed that VEGF mRNA was negative in the control group. While in the HB groups, VEGF mRNA was located in the hepatic sinusoids, Disse′s space and hepatocyte cytoplast around the dilated sinusoids. Immunohistochemistry showed that VEGF was expressed in three patterns: the cytoplasm, sinusoid membrane, and sinusoidal endothelium. The expression strength and distribution range of VEGF were closely related with the grading and staging of HB, hepatic vascular inflammation, destruction, obstruction, proliferation and fibrosis. There was remarkable difference between different liver pathological changes (P

Aim To construct the cell model targeted on the damage by α-synuclein for screening anti-Parkinson’s Disease (PD)compounds.Methods The cDNA fragment of α-synucle-in gene was obtained by PCR methods and inserted into the re-combinant prokaryotic plasmid by molecular cloning technique. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into Escherichia coli, and subsequently induced to express α-synuclein protein.The recombinant α-synuclein was purified and identified by affinity chromatography,immunoblotting and mass spectrometry.The cells damage by α-synuclein was evaluated through cell viability measured by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl )-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide.Results The obtained cDNA fragment ofα-synuclein in accordance with its theoretic molecular weight was cloned into pET30a plasmid and verified by sequencing.The re-combinant plasmid was transformed into bacteria E.Coli.BL21 (DE3)and induced to express α-synuclein by isopropyl β-D-1 -thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG).The expression condition was op-timized according to the culture temperature,the concentration of IPTG and the proliferation state of bacteria.The purified α-synu-clein was proved to be a 1 5.3 ku molecule weight protein,and could be immunoblotted with anti-α-synuclein antibody.The pu-rified α-synuclein could decrease the viability of PC1 2 cells and primary neurons significantly,and its effect was in a concentra-tion-dependent manner.Conclusion We have succeeded in constructing the cell model targeted on the damage by α-synucle-in.

The study aims to evaluate the bioequivalence of valsartan hydrochlorothiazide tablets, and to investigate the potential cause of bioinequivalence. This was a single-center study with an open, randomized double-way crossover design. Test and reference preparations containing 160 mg of valsartan and 25 mg of hydrochlorothiazide were given to 36 healthy male volunteers. Plasma concentrations of valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide were determined simultaneously by LC-MS/MS. The pharmacokinetic parameters and relative bioavailability were calculated, while the bioequivalence between test and reference preparations were evaluated. The dissolution profiles of test and reference preparations in four different mediums were determined via dissolution test and HPLC. The similarity was investigated according to the similarity factors (f2). The F(o-t) and F(0-infinity) were (139.4 +/- 65.2)% and (137.5 +/- 61.2)% for valsartan of test preparations. It led to get the conclusion that test and reference preparations were not bioequivalent for valsartan. A significant difference was observed between test and reference tablets in the valsartan dissolution test of pH 1.2 hydrochloric acid solution. The key factor of the bioinequivalence might be that dissolution of valsartan in acid medium has marked difference between two preparations.