Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; Influenza, Human ; virology ; Male

Objective To study the surgical techniques and effects of laparoscopy-assisted sigmoid colon vaginoplasty.MethodsClinical data of 27 patients,who underwent laparoscopy-assisted sigmoid colon vaginoplasty at Beijing Anzhen Hospital between June 2006 and June 2007,were retrospectively analyzed.A 15-cm segment of pedicled sigmoid colon was isolated using an ultrasound knife.The distal end of the segment was pulled into the vaginal space in the cul-de-sac of Douglas under a laparoscopic vision as the neovagina.The continuity of the intestinal tract(end-to-end bowel anastomosis) was restored using a circular mechanical suture through the rectum.ResultsThe surgery was successfully completed in all the cases,no intra-operative complication occurred.The mean blood loss and operation time was 82 ml(50-180 ml) and 168 min(120-246 ml) respectively.One patient developed incomplete intestinal obstruction 16 days after the operation,and was cured by conservative treatment.Follow-up was available in 21 patients for 14-20 months.Five patients had no sexual partner during the follow-up,while the other 16 patients were satisfied with their sexual lives after the surgeries.ConclusionLaparoscopic vaginal reconstruction using a sigmoid colon segment is satisfying for cosmetic,functional,and anatomic results.

BACKGROUND:Tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), a main cytokine inducing chondrocyte apoptosis of osteoarthritis, plays a regulatory role in the process of osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE:To compare the rat models of chondrocyte apoptosis induced by different mass concentrations of TNF-α, thus providing theoretical basis for further study on the regulation of drugs on chondrocyte apoptosis. METHODS:Chondrocytes were isolated from the knee cartilage of 4-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats of clean grade by mechanical l col agenase digestion and were then incubated with different mass concentrations of TNF-αto induce apoptosis. The morphology of chondrocytes was observed under inverted phase contrast microscope, cel s were identified using immunohistochemical staining of type II col agen, as wel as the cel viability and apoptosis were detected by MTT and DAPI, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) In vitro, the cytoplasm of chondrocytes was stained brown-yel ow by using immunohistochemical staining of type II col agen. (2) At 48 hours, the apoptosis rate of chondrocytes induced by 10, 20 and 30μg/L TNF-αwas significantly higher than that of the 0μg/L TNF-α(P<0.01), and the apoptosis rate of chondrocytes induced by 40μg/L TNF-αwas significantly higher than that of the 10μg/L TNF-α(P<0.01). (3) The viability of chondrocytes induced by 10, 20 and 40μg/L TNF-αwas significantly lower than that of the 0μg/L TNF-α(P<0.01). In detail, the viability of chondrocytes induced by 20μg/L TNF-αwas lower than that of the 10μg/L TNF-α(P<0.05);the viability of chondrocytes induced by 40μg/L TNF-αwas significantly lower than that of the 10 and 20μg/L TNF-α(P<0.01, P<0.05). (4) These results suggest that 20μg/L TNF-αcan successful y induce the chondrocyte apoptosis model.

Objective:To investigate whether the habenula takes part in the depressor effect of losartan.Methods:Arterial blood pressure,heart rate and the unit dischargings of habenular neurons in rat were recorded simultaneously.Results:Arterial blood pressure was apparently decreased by 10 mg/kg losartan intraperitoneally(ip),but heart rate did not change;63.64% (21/33) unit dischargings of habenular neurons was increased in the rate of discharges.Conclusion:The depressor effect of losartan (ip) may be involved in the excitation of habenular neurons by lsoartan(ip).

Polysaccharides with multiple biological activities are usually considered as one of the major bioactive compounds in Chinese medicines (CMs). At present, the development of drug and functional foods related to polysaccharides have attracted a great deal of attention due to their great potential effects and diverse action mechanisms. However, quality control of polysaccharides is the bottleneck and a challenge due to their complexity and chemical diversity. Actually, the bioactivities of polysaccharides are closely related to their molecular structures. In order to ensure their safety and efficacy, the development of novel approaches based on the molecular structures for the improvement of quality control of polysaccharides is significantly important. Therefore, in this article, the relationship between biological activities and chemical structures, as well as the action mechanisms of polysaccharides from CMs were summarized first. Furthermore, saccharide mapping, a novel strategy for quality control of bioactive polysaccharides from CMs, was introduced and the application and perspectives were also discussed.
Carbohydrate Sequence ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry ; Quality Control

[Summary] The aim of this study was to detect the levels of serum miR-130b expression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to analyze their correlation with diabetic renal damage. 243 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into three groups according to urinary albumin/creatinine ratio ( UACR ): normoalbuminuria group (UACR<30 mg/g, n=103), microalbuminuria group (UACR 30-300 mg/g, n=86), and macroalbuminuria group(UACR>300 mg/g, n=54). The levels of serum miR-130b were validated by realtime polymerase chain reaction. Serum transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) in all patients and 59 healthy volunteers. Compared with control group, the level of serum miR-130b in the type 2 diabetes mellitus group were significantly decreased, gradually with the increases of UACR. The level of serum miR-130b was inversely correlated with blood urea nitrogen ( r=-0. 295, P<0.05), serum creatinine(r=-0. 316, P<0. 05), UACR(r=-0. 463, P<0. 05), but positively related to the estimated glomerular filtration rate(r=0. 367, P<0. 01). The level of serum miR-130b was also negatively correlated to homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, TNF-α, and TGF-β1 (r=-0. 257,-0. 345,-0. 242,-0. 562,-0. 622, all P<0. 01). The present study indicates that serum miR-130b might be a potential new biomarker for early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy. Serum miR-130b might be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.

OBJECTIVE: To study the general law of typing of bronchiectasis according to syndrome differentiation. METHODS: We collected the symptoms, conditions of tongue and pulse in patients of bronchiectasis, using frequencies procedure, discriminant analysis and K-means cluster analysis in SPSS statistical software as research medium. RESULTS: Five hundred and sixty three patients with bronchiectasis were studied. It suggested that accumulation of phlegm-heat in the lungs (45.65%), liver fire attacking the lungs (24.51%), asthenia of pulmonosplenic qi (22.38%), asthenia of both qi and yin (7.46%) were the main types. CONCLUSION: Clinical epidemiology provided scientific basis for further studying of the typing of bronchiectasis according to syndrome differentiation. Building up differentiation of syndromes through differentiation and analysis of main symptoms can be used in clinical diagnosis.

Objective To identify the effect of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) on the differentiation and apoptosis of different types of neuroblastoma(NB) cell lines.Methods The cell lines [SK-N-SH,SK-N-BE2,SH-SY5 Y] were induced with different concentrations (0 μmol/L,1 μmol/L,3 μmol/L,5 μ mol/L and 7 μ mol/L) of arsenic trioxide for 24 h,48 h,72 h under the same conditions.The expression of MYCN gene was examined by fluorescence in situ hybridization assay in SK-N-BE2,cell proliferation,cell cycle and cell apoptosis were detected with cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry.Results 5 μmol/L of As2O3 inhibited the expression of MYCN gene in SK-N-BE2;CCK-8 assay indicated that As2O3 inhibited the proliferation of NB cell in a dose-and time-dependent manner,the cell proliferation was significantly suppressed compared with the low concentration (1 μ mol/L) after treated with As2O3 by 1 μmol/L,3 μmol/L,5 μmol/L and 7 μmol/L in 24 h,48 h and 72 h,SH-SY5Y:24 h(chisq =9.666 7,P ＜ 0.05),48 h (chisq =9.666 7,P ＜ O.05),72 h (chisq =9.512 8,P ＜ 0.05);SK-N-SH,24 h (chisq =10.38,P＜0.054 6),48 h(chisq=8.641 0,P＜0.05),72 h(chisq=9.461 5,P＜0.05);SK-N-BE2:24 h (chisq =8.435 9,P ＜0.05),48 h(chisq =8.641 O,P ＜0.05),72 h(chisq =9.545 5,P ＜0.05);compared with the control group,the As2O3-treated cells showed increased apoptosis percentage,with the percentage of 1.6％ (0 μmol/L),3.8％ (1 μmol/L),6.1％ (3 μmol/L),10.4％ (5 μmol/L),40.2％ (7 μ mol/L);the cell cycle was arrested at G2/M phase,which prevented cell division.Conclusions (1) As2O3 play an important role on the NB cells proliferation,apoptosis which were dose-and time-dependent manner.(2)As2O3 can inhibit the expression of MYCN gene.(3)As2O3 also could block NB cell cycle at S and G2/M,and inhibit the cell nucleus replication and the As2O3 had different induced effect between different types of NB cell.

Objective To investigate the effects of 13-cis retinoic acid (13-cis RA) in inducing differentiation of 3 types of human neuroblastoma (NB) cells in vitro.Methods The status of MYCN gene amplification of cultured SH-SY5Y,SK-N-SH and SK-N-BE2 cells was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization.After treatment with different concentrations of 13-cis RA,morphological changes were observed by phase-contrast microscope,and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) concentrations were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The cell viability was measured through cell counting kit-8 assay,and the cell apoptosis was assayed with flow cytometry (FCM).Results The morphological changes in differentiation were observed in all 3 types of NB cells after 13-cis RA treatment.MYCN amplification was detected in SK-N-BE2 cells even after 13-cis RA treatment,while the other 2 cell lines were amplification-null.After different concentrations of 13-cis RA treatment,NSE concentration increased with prolonged time,especially for SK-N-BE2 cell(F =27.00,P ＜ 0.000 1).13-cis RA stimulated cell proliferation within 48 hours of treatment,and then inhibited cell growth.FCM indicated that the degree of apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cell was significantly higher after 13-cis RA treatment of 10 μmol/L concentration for continuous 96 h and 120 h as compared to the control group (F =16.21,P =0.011;F =16.04,P =0.016).Cell apoptosis of SK-N-SH cell after 13-cis RA treatment of 1 μ mol/L and 10 μ mol/L concentration for 48 h,were significantly higher than those of the control group (F =15.05,P =0.012;F =31.18,P =0.005);while SK-N-BE2 cell with different concentrations of 13-cis RA(1 μmol/L,5 μmol/L,10 μ mol/L) for 120 h were significantly higher than those of the control group(F =9.05,P =0.030;F =11.38,P =0.028;F =7.88,P =0.041).Conclusions The present study showed that 13-cis RA could induce differentiation of human NB ceils in vitro.It induces cell proliferation within 48 hours of 13-cis RA,and thereafter suppresses cell growth.No improvement was found in MYCN amplification cells with the detection of DNA level after 13-cis RA treatment,which suggests that combined treatment is possibly needed.

This study was aimed to optimize the extraction process conditions of lycopene in tomato. Ketchup was used as raw material. Method verification, single factor experiment and orthogonal method were used in the study on extraction process of lycopene. The results showed that the best optimization process conditions of lycopene extraction with ethyl acetate: extraction temperature at 50℃, extraction time for 40 min, ethyl acetate concentration of 80%, solid-to-liquid ratio of 1?2 (g·mL-1). Under these conditions, the extraction rate of lycopene reached 15.564 mg·100g-1. It was concluded that the extraction process of lycopene can provide experimental basis for further development and utilization of lycopene.