Ten glucosyloxybenzyl 2-isobutylmalates and one benzyl alcohol glycoside were isolated from the dry tuber of Pleione bulbocodioides, which is a specie of Orchidaceae family and its dry tuber is one of the main sources of traditional Chinese medicine "shanci-gu", by a combination of various column chromatographic methods, including ODS, macroporous adsorbent resin, Sepheadex LH-20, and preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified on the basis of chemical evidences and spectroscopic analysis asloroglossin (1), grammatophylloside A (2), cronupapine (3), (-)-(2R, 3S)-1-(4-β-D-glucopyranosyloxybenzyl)-4-methyl-2-isobutyltartrate (4), vandateroside II (5), grammatophylloside B (6), bis [4-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy) -benzyl] (S) -2-isopropylmalate (7), gymnoside I (8), militarine (9), dactylorhin A (10), gastrodin (11). Compounds 1-7 were isolated from this genus for the firt time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Malates ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Orchidaceae ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

0.05). Conclusion: This method is simple, accurate, feasible for determination of reduced and total VC of beverage.

Fourteen compoumds were isolated from the ethyl acetate portion of the 95% ethanolic extract of Pleione bulbocodioides by a combination of various chromatographic techniques including silica gel, ODS, macroporous adsorbent resin, Sephadex LH-20, and preparative HPLC, of which ten compoumds were phenanthrenes and dihydrophenanthrenes, two compoumds were bibenzyls, one was lignan and a sterol. Their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic data as monbarbatain A(1), 2, 7, 2'-trihy-droxy-4, 4', 7'-trimethoxy-1, 1'- biphenanthrene(2), blestriarene A(3), pleionesin B(4), shanciol H(5), 17-hydroxy-7'-(4'-hy-droxy-3 '-methoxyphenyl)- 4-methoxy-9, 10, 7', 8'-tetrahydrophenanthro[2, 3-b]furan-8'-yl methyl acetate(6), 1-p-hydroxybenzyl-4-methoxy phenanthrene-2, 7-diol(7), 1-p-hydroxybenzyl-4-met-hoxy-9, 10-dihydrophenanthrene-2, 7-diol(8), hircinol(9), coelonin( 10), gigantol(11), batatasin 11 (12), syringaresinol(13) and ergosta4, 6, 8 ( 14) , 22-tetraen-3-one (14). Compounds 1-3, 9, 13 and 14 were isolated from this genus for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Orchidaceae ; chemistry ; Organic Chemicals ; analysis

Objective To explore an anatomical basis for the lateral tarsal artery pedicle flap on front and lateral compartment of leg and the feasibility of repairing skin defects on forepart of feet. Methods The branches, course and anastomosis of the lateral tarsal artery, perforator of peroneal artery up external malleolus, superficial peroneal artery were studied in 20 legs of adult cadavers.The flap was designed on these grounds. 8 cases repaired by lateral tarsal artery pedicle flap on front and lateral compartment of leg, 5 cases of skin defects on dorsum of foots, 3 cases of skin defects on footplates.The area of defect on forepart of foot was 5 cm× 4 cm-cm × 5 cm. The donor sites were resurfaced with skin grafts or sutured directly. The lateral tarsal artery, perforator of peroneal artery up external malleolus, perforator of anterior tibial artery superficial peroneal artery were anastomosed each other, formed single band blood vessel axle on lateral foot, fore external malleolus, front and lateral compartment of leg. The area of flap was 6 cm × 4 cm - 10 cm × 6 cm.Results All of the flaps survived completely. All cases were followed up, followed up 6- 12 months, averaged 8 months. The color, appearance and texture of the flaps were good, without ulcer on the flap. The patients can walk freely. Conclusion The flap on front and lateral compartment of leg should be designed according to the lateral tarsal artery. Blood supply of flap was reliable, little trauma. The flap's vessel pedicle is enough long. It could repair any defect on forepart of foots.

This study is to evaluate the effects of the metformin (Met) on β cell function of diabetic KKAy mice. Female diabetic KKAy mice selected by insulin tolerance test (ITT) were divided randomly into two groups. Con group was orally administered by gavage with water, Met group with metformin hydrochloride at a dose of 0.2 g x kg(-1) for about 12 weeks. ITT and glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were determined. Beta cell function was assessed by hyperglycemic clamp. Pancreatic biochemical indicators were tested. The changes of gene and protein expression in the pancreas and islets were also analyzed by Real-Time-PCR and immunostaining. Met significantly improved glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in KKAy mice. Fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels were also decreased. In addition, Met markedly increased glucose infusion rate (GIR) and elevated the Ist phase and maximum insulin secretion during clamp. It showed that Met decreased TG content and iNOS activities and increased Ca(2+) -Mg(2+)-ATPase activity in pancreas. Islets periphery was improved, and down-regulation of glucagon and up-regulated insulin protein expressions were found after Met treatment. Pancreatic mRNA expressions of inflammation factors including TLR4, NF-κB, JNK, IL-6 and TNF-α were down-regulated, p-NF-κB p65 protein levels also down-regulated by Met. And mRNA expressions of ion homeostasis involved in insulin secretion including SERCA2 and Kir6.2 were up-regulated by Met. Met increased SIRT5 expression level in pancreas of KKAy mice under the hyperglycemic clamp. These results indicated that chronic administration of Met regulated pancreatic inflammation generation, ion and hormone homeostasis and improved β cell function of diabetic KKAy mice.
Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; drug therapy ; Down-Regulation ; Female ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Homeostasis ; Inflammation ; drug therapy ; Insulin ; secretion ; Insulin Resistance ; Insulin-Secreting Cells ; drug effects ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Metformin ; pharmacology ; Mice ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Pancreas ; drug effects ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the immune protection of dendritic cells(DCs) harboring kinase domain-containing receptor(KDR) fusion gene on mice carrying B16 melanoma.Methods The bone marrow precursor-derived dendritic cells(BMDCs) were induced from bone marrow progenitors of mice by GM-CSF.The KDR fusion gene mRNA was transfected into DCs in vitro.Mice were immunized with the same amount of DCs at 7-day interval and then each mouse was injected with 5?10~5 B16 cells.The mice without tumors were injected with B16 cells again 20 days later.Mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: group A(n=7),group B(n=8),group C(n=8) and group D(n=7).The mice were immunized with DCs one time in group A,2 times in group B,3 times in group C and as controls in group D.Results After one week,all mice in group D had tumors with average survival 15 days.All mice in group A,B and C had no tumors after 20 days later.After the second injection of B16 cells,2 mice in group A and 2 mice in group B had tumors.The mice in group C had no tumor.The average survival periods were calculated from first injection of B16 cells to the study end.The average survival period of group A was 50 days and that of group B was 72 days.Conclusions The dendritic cells vaccine harboring KDR fusion gene has immune protection against melanoma in mice.

BackgroundWith the increasing prevalence of dry eye and the continuous improvement of living standards,the problem of dry eye more and more get the attention of people.At present,China still lacks the large population-based epidemiological data of dry eye. Objective To investigate the prevalence and possible risk factors of dry eye in a community of Huidong County of population aged 14 and over.Methods From September 2010 to January 2011,using questionnaires and examination of dry eye related,2800 people were selected randomly for cross-sectional survey.Those suspected as dry eye were examed by the SchirmerⅠtest ( S Ⅱ T),tear-film breakup time(BUT),corneal fluorescein staining(F1).Results In the 2475 questionnaire effectively,154 persons were diagnosed as dry eye,and the prevalence rate of dry eye was 6.22％,8.06％in females,4.14％in males.The prevalence rate increases with age.The S Ⅰ T and BUT decreased with increasing age.S Ⅰ T and BUT in females are less than males.Foreign body sensation is the primary complaints of patients.Logistic analysis showed that the most common risk factors in dry eye are age and gender.The system disease and eye diseases,eye fatigue and long exposure to dust are also main determinants.ConclusionsThe population prevalence rate of dry eye increased with age,the prevalence rate of dry eye in females is higher than that in males.The key factors associated with dry eye are age,gender,systemic disease and eye diseases,occupation,working environment.

Objective To observe the effect and the mechanisms of ferulic acid on radiationinduced damage of mice peripheral blood and bone marrow hematopoietic function.Methods Ninety-six mice were randomly divided into sham irradiation group,irradiation group,positive drug group and 10,30,90 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 ferulic acid group,16 mice per group.Mice were exposed to 3.5 Gy γ-rays 24 h after first drug taken.Then,mice were given drugs for 7 d after irradiation.White blood cells in peripheral blood of 10 mice per group were counted 2 d before irradiation and 3,7,10,15 and 22 days after irradiation.The bone narrow of the other six mice was taken to detect the micronuclei frequency of polychromatic erythrocyte,the hematopoietic progenitor cell colony formation capacity,Thbd and HMGB1 protein expressions in mice bone marrow on the seventh day after irradiation.Results Compared with the irradiation alone group,the treatment of mice with ferulic acid 90 mg· kg-1 · d-1 increased the number of white blood cells in peripheral blood at 3,10,15 and 22 d after irradiation (t =2.267,2.399,1.945,2.828,P ＜ 0.05).Treatment with mice with ferulic acid 90 mg· kg-1 · d 1 decreased the micronuclei rate of erythrocytes in irradiated bone marrow (t =4.013,P ＜ 0.05),increased the clone numbers of CFU-E,BFU-E and CFU-GM of hematopoietic progenitor cells (t =2.366,2.953,3.115,P ＜0.05),improved the relative expression of the Thbd protein in bone marrow and the HMGB1 protein in nuclear (t =17.75,23.39,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Ferulilc acid could protect the bone marrow hematopoietic of mice exposed to irradiation by regulating the expressions of Thbd and HMGB1 protein,and then accelerate the peripheral cells recovery.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small molecules produced by a myriad of cells and play important roles not only in protecting against infections and sustaining skin barrier homeostasis but also in contributing to immune dysregulation under pathological conditions. Recently, increasing evidence has indicated that AMPs, including cathelicidin (LL-37), human β-defensins, S100 proteins, lipocalin 2, and RNase 7, are highly expressed in psoriatic skin lesions. These peptides broadly regulate immunity by interacting with various immune cells and linking innate and adaptive immune responses during the progression of psoriasis. In this review, we summarize the recent findings regarding AMPs in the pathogenesis of psoriasis with a main focus on their immunomodulatory abilities.
Adaptive Immunity ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins ; Psoriasis ; Skin Diseases ; beta-Defensins

Objective:To investigate the effects of ursolic acid (UA) on proliferation, migration and iron death of ectopic endometrial stromal cells (EESCs) and its mechanism.Methods:Mouse model of endometriosis was established and the primary EESCs were isolated. The cells were treated with UA at different concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 50, 80, 100, 200 μmol/L). The cells were divided into Control group (normal culture), 2.5 μmol/L UA group (2.5 μmol/L UA treatment), 5.0 μmol/L UA group (5.0 μmol/L UA treatment), 10.0 μmol/L UA group (10 μmol/L UA treatment), and UA+DUSP19 group (10 μmol/L UA+50 μmol/L JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway activator DUSP19 treatment). Cell survival rate was detected by CCK-8 method. Cell proliferation was detected by plate cloning method. Transwell chamber assay was used to detect cell migration. The levels of Fe 2+ and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected by kit. Protein expression levels of Ki67, PCNA, CyclinD1, p-JAK2, p-STAT3, JAK2 and STAT3 were detected by western blot. Results:The number of clones in Control, 2.5 μmol/L UA, 5.0 μmol/L UA and 10.0 μmol/L UA groups were as follows: 152.22±15.47, 121.22±11.54, 92.00±5.54, 66.44±6.88; Ki67 protein expression was 1.08±0.10, 0.73±0.07, 0.61±0.06, 0.45±0.02, respectively; The expression of PCNA protein was 0.85±0.07, 0.64±0.05, 0.41±0.03, 0.31±0.05, respectively; CyclinD1 protein expression levels were 0.98±0.11, 0.65±0.06, 0.51±0.05, 0.42±0.07, respectively. The migration numbers were 92.78±6.27, 62.22±2.20, 50.22±4.59 and 39.11±4.33, respectively; Fe 2+ levels were (1.06±0.07) μmol/g, (1.21±0.11) μmol/g, (1.33±0.08) μmol/g, (1.47±0.09) μmol/g, respectively; MDA content was (0.48±0.06) μmol/g, (0.65±0.07) μmol/g, (0.85±0.08) μmol/g, (1.03±0.11) μmol/g, respectively; ROS contents were (19.85±1.21) %, (24.83±2.79) %, (29.04±1.86) %, (33.87±2.45) %, respectively; SOD content were (36.41±3.56) U/mg, (31.03±2.81) U/mg, (25.63±2.84) U/mg, (19.62±1.67) U/mg, respectively; p-JAK2 protein expression was 0.85±0.10, 0.75±0.06, 0.53±0.05, 0.31±0.03, respectively; p-STAT3 protein expression was 1.08±0.11, 0.79±0.06, 0.63±0.07, 0.42±0.03, respectively. The p-JAK2 protein content in UA group and UA+DUSP19 group was 0.38±0.05 and 0.75±0.08, respectively; p-STAT3 protein expression was 0.46±0.04 and 0.80±0.03, respectively; The cell survival rates were (52.55±2.44) % and (82.18±4.72) %, respectively; Fe 2+ levels were (1.57±0.06) μmol/g and (1.21±0.13) μmol/g, respectively. The differences in the above indicators between the Control group and the 2.5 μmol/L UA group, 5.0 μmol/L UA group and 10.0 μmol/L UA group were statistically significant ( P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences among 2.5 μmol/L UA group, 5.0 μmol/L UA group and 10.0 μmol/L UA group ( P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in p-JAK2, p-STAT3, cell survival rate and Fe 2+ levels between UA group and UA+DUSP19 group ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:Ursolic acid can inhibit the proliferation and migration of EESCs cells and induce iron death by regulating JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, thus playing a protective role in endometriosis.