OBJECTIVE :To give sonic references for improving the quality of drug use and the regulations of pharmacy in China. METHODS: In this paper. OBRA - 90 and the situation of drug use review in America are introduced and analyzed,and inadequate insurance in drug use in China is pointed out.RESULTS & CONCLUSION :The drug use review system in USA is quite successful in ensuring the safety of drug use in public, and we can learn something from it to improve the quality of medication in China.

Brain ; blood supply ; Fetus ; blood supply ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; diagnostic imaging ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

Objective To explore influence of long-term inhaled glucocoticoids(IGS) on soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1)) in children with bronchial asthma.Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) method was used to detect the serum sICAM-1 level in 36 healthy children and 29 children with bronchial asthma(untreated and post-treated for 3,6 and 12 months).Results 1.Serum sICAM-1 level was significantly elevated in children with asthma and significantly higher than that in normal control group(P

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Female ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; mortality ; surgery ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; mortality ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tissue Donors ; Young Adult

Background and purpose:miR-22 has been reported to be down-regulated in gastric cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and breast cancer. However, its expression in glioma was still poorly known. This study aimed to explicit whether miR-22 suppresses cell proliferation by targeting MTDH, thus to reveal molecular mechanism that miR-22 functions as a tumor suppressor in glioma. Methods:Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was conducted for detecting the expression of miR-22 in gliomas and normal brain tissues. MTDH 3’UTR-luciferase vector was constructed and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was employed to examine the effect of miR-22 on luciferase activity. U251 cells were transfected with miR-22 mimics, and MTDH siRNA as for postive control, then Western blot was performed to detect the expressions of MTDH protein. The proliferation ability of U251 cells was evaluated by MTT assay. Results:miR-22 was down-regulated in glioma tissues. Glioma patients with relatively high expression of miR-22 showed lower mortality compared with low expression of miR-22 by using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. We demonstrated miR-22 could bind to the 3’ untranslated region (UTR) of MTDH and inhibited the luciferase activity. Western blot showed that the expression of MTDH protein was inhibited by restored miR-22 or siR MTDH in U251 cells. Overexpression of miR-22 or siR MTDH inhibited the proliferation of U251 cells. Conclusion:miR-22 suppresses cell proliferation by targeting MTDH in glioma.

In Alzheimer's disease there is obvious evidence of insulin resistance in the brain. Thiazolidinediones,a kind of insulin sensitizer,not only improves insulin sensitivity,but also decreases inflammation,promotes release and clearance of?-amyloid protein,all are beneficial to the improvement of memory.

Objective To demonstrate the superiority and feasibility of using bioluminescent image to monitor the islet graft after islet transplantation.Methods Diabetic models were established by intraperitoneal injection of streptomycin into mature male C57BL/6 mice.Islets were harvested from the pancreas of C57BL/6 and Bclb/c mice by digestion and purification,and transfected with Lueiferase gene.The mouse diabetic models were divided into iso-transplantaion group (n=20) and allo-transplantation group (n=7).The islets of C57BL/6 were transplanted into iso-transplantaion mice with different doses (10,50,110 and 200,n=5 in every dose),and Bclb/c mouse islets were transplanted into allo-transplantation group.The islets were transplanted into the subcutaneous fat tis- sue near left scapula.The receptor mice were scanned with CCD camera to get bioluminescent images at different scheduled time points,and the changes in random blood glucose of allo-transplantation group were observed.Results On day 6 after transplantation,the scanning image showed that the pi- xel intensity from the region of interest (ROI) was increased with the increased number of islet grafts and they had a positive correlation.The random blood glucose was reduced to the normal level in the first 2 days,and then increased again to the diabetic level on 11 days averagely,while pixel intensity from the ROI reached the peak on day 6-7,and then reduced rapidly after islet transplantation in allo- transplantation group.The beginning of pixel intensity reduction occurred on day (6.14?0.90), while that of the random blood glucose raise occurred on day (10.00?0.82) after transplantation,and the former alteration occurred obviously earlier than the latter (P

Objective To make a comprehensive evaluation of nano-composite of poly(L-lactide) and surface grafted hydroxyapatite(PLLA/PLLA-gHA) as a new material.Methods According to the evaluated critera of medical implanted materials biology and animal trial recommended in GB/T 16886 and IS0 10993 criterion,the new material was carried out on acute systemic toxicity test,haemolysis test,muscular implantation test and subcutaneous injection test.The extract liquid of new material was injected into mice by vena caudalis to test common station,toxic reaction of it at different time,the results were used to evaluate the acute systemic toxicity.Fresh anticoagulant cony blood was mixed with extract liquid of new material with density of 100 g?L-1 to measure each absorbance with spectrophotometer and work out the corresponding rate of haemolysis.The red punctuation and hydropsia of rabbits were observed at different time by subcuntaneous injecting extract liquid into the back of rabbits.PLLA/PLLA-gHA composite plates were implanted into the sacrospinal muscle of rabbits.Cony venous blood was extracted to detect indicatrix of hematology at diferrent time.The material and surrounded tissues were taken out from animals at the 14th,30th,60th,90th,180th,360th day to examine anatomic and pathological changes.Results Rabbits with PLLA/PLLA-gHA composite had good general condition.There was no any acute systemic toxicity in vivo.Data of AST and Scr had no significant difference between experimental group and control group.The hemolysis rate of extrac liquid was 1.22%,which was under the standard criteria(5%).No red punctuation and light hydropsia were observed at different time in the subcutaneous injection test.The inflammation cytochange of PLLA/PLLA-gHA composite group was similar with that of control group in early days,which was met with the general regularity of inflammatory outcome.The fibrosis membrane surrounding the PLLA/PLLA-gHA composite became thinner gradually with the elongation of implantation time.The fibrosis membrane grew into the material at the 360th day.The degree of the fibrosis membrane was below class Ⅰ.Conclusion The new absorbable type PLLA/PLLA-gHA composite has excellent biocompatibility and security.

BackgroundThe research of corneal thickness after pars plana vitrectomy in DM patient plays an important role not only theoretically but clinically.Objective Present study was to evaluate the change in corneal thickness after pars plana vitrectomy.Methods A prospective coherent study was designed.Seventy-five eyes of 70 consecutive diabetic retinopathy(DR) patients were collected in Tianjin Medical University Eye Center.Pentacam was used to assess the central and periphery corneal thickness by the same investigator preoperatively and 7 days,1 and 3 months postoperatively,respectively.The thickness values from five corneal zone were obtained,including cornea vertex,the thinnest point of the cornea,periphery cornea near the scleral incision of 4 mm away to vertex of cornea on vertical and 240°,120°,60° meridian ( right eye) or 300°,120°,60° meidian ( left eye ).These results were compared and analyzed with ANOVA of repeated measurement data.Subgroup analysis was performed to evaluate the influence of different corneal positions,the use of conventional 20g or 23g transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy(TSV) groups,surgery duration,gas or fluid endotamponde on corneal thickness.This study was approved by Ethic Committee of this hospital.Written informed consent was obtained from the subjects before any relative medical procedure.Results The mean corneal thickness was ( 639.9 ± 103.1 ),( 689.5 ± 119.3 ),( 666.5 ±113.7),( 650.8 ± 108.6 ) μm before operation,postperative 7 days,1 and 3 months respectively.As covariates appearing in the model,the corneal thickness change rates were revised as the parameters as following: diabeitc duration =13.0 and age =57.2.The revised corneal thickness was significant different among various time points( F=210.928,P=0.000) and different corneal zones(F=24.843,P=0.000) with the size order in turn P4＞P3＞P1＞P2＞P5.The corneal thickness change rates were less in 23g TSV group compared with conventional 20-g group (F =53.843,P =0.000) and BSS tamponade group compared with gas tamponade group ( F =5.288,P =0.022).But no significant difference was found in the revised corneal thickness among surgery duration ＜ 1 hour group,1-2 hour group and ＞2 hour group( F=1.233,P =0.293).ConclusionsVitrectomy is a safe procedure on the ground of cornea,but TSV and fluid endotamponade appear to be more beneficial to the protection of cornea.Pentacam could offer the reliable data in not only central cornea but also periphery cornea.

Objective To investigate the intervention ways of endoscopes in the treatment of esophagus stenosis due to carcinoma of esophagus and improvement of quality. Method 11 cases of advanced carcinoma of esophagus were included in this study. Operation and chemical therapy were unavailable for these patients. Memory trestle with membrane and made of alloy of Nickel－ titanium was inserted under intervention of endoscope. Trestle was posed in stenosis part of esophagus under direction of X－ ray. Trestle could be dilated 3－ 7 days after operation due to its reaction characteristics to temperature. So, redilated therapy was unnecessary. Trestle could reconstruct swallowing tract and made feeding through mouth become available during limited survival time.Results All trestles were successfully inserted.Half－ fluid feeding was available after operation. Obstruction was removed in all patients(100％ ).Conclusion Method described in this study was safe and effective .Effective swallowing tracts were reconstructed in all patients after trestle was planted and quality of life and survival time were both improved.