The cultivation of general practitioner is a key to improve China's community-based medical and health care system.Zunyi Medical University,in the process of cultivating tuition-free students with the mode of serving and staying in the countryside after their graduation,always upholds the principles of being oriented by post competence,being led by medical humanities,optimizing featured courses about general practitioner,carrying out students-centered teaching methodology,focusing on training students' autonomous learning ability,and fully building the practical teaching system,so as to strive to cultivate high-quality talents in the field of general medicine to make them better serve the rural community-based medical institutions.

Objective To further investigate the pathohistology of chronic gastritis in children and the relationship between helicobacter pylori(Hp) infection and mucosal chronic inflammatory.Methods Gastric antrum biopsies were carried out from children who had chronic gastritis confirmed by gastroendoscopy during the past 3 years in our hospital.The results of pathohistological observation were analyzed by retrospectire method.Results One thousand six hundred cases of chronic gastritis were included,in which 1007 cases without Hp infection,593 with Hp infection.Among the patients without Hp infection,mild inflammatory were much more than mode-(rate) or severe inflammatory(86% vs 14%).Although,in patients with Hp infection,mild inflammatory were the most common presentation(63%),moderate and severe inflammatory were more predominant in patients with Hp infection.The degree of inflammatory was increased with the quantity of Hp infection.The ratio of lymphocytes,neutrophils and lymphoid follicles in gastric mucosa was much higher in Hp positive group than negative one(94%,40%,22% vs 60%,11%,5%,respectively),and the difference was significant in statistic analysis.Gastric mucosal atrophy was found more in Hp positive group(16.5%) than negative one(7%).The proportion of intestinal metaplasia in cases with Hp infection was 1.5% compared with 0.1% in these children.Conclusion The study shows that there is a close relationship between Hp and antrun chronic inflammation and mucosal atrophy.

Objective To evaluate the effects of different doses of lidocaine on suppressing fentanyl-induced cough and determine a safe suppressing dose.Methods Two hundred patients undergoing general anesthesia were randomized to four groups evenly.The following medications were given within ten seconds:normal saline 10ml (groupⅠ,control group),lidocaine 1 mg/kg (groupⅡ),lidoeaine 1.5 mg/kg(groupⅢ),lidocaine 2mg/kg (groupⅣ).Toxic symptoms of lidocaine were recorded within lmin after the administration of lidocaine,then fentanyl 3?g/ kg was given intravenously within 5 seconds.Cough incidence and cough grade were recorded within 2rain after the administration of fentanyl.Systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP),heart rates (HR),and satu- ration of pulse oximeter(SpO2) were recorded during different time points of induction,all recorded data were anal- ysed by the statistical software,P value

Adolescent ; Anticonvulsants ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Epilepsy ; drug therapy ; Female ; Fructose ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome

Multi-drug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells is a major cause of failure in chemotherapy. To the majority of anti-cancer drugs, tumor cells are able to generate a multi-drug resistance; but there is no common views on the mechanism of MDR. This review summarizes the use of drug delivery system based on nanoparticles to overcome MDR in recent years. Three kinds including non-modified, ligand-modified and multifunctional drug delivery systems are described. Especially, the mechanism of reversing MDR based on nanoparticles is covered. Through efficiently offsetting and antagonizing the action of pumping drugs out of the tumor cells, drug delivery system based on nanoparticles can increase the concentration of the drug in tumors, while reduce the side effects on normal cells and overcome multi-drug resistance. The use of drug-loaded nanoparticles, which combines nanotechnology with the strategy of active and passive targeting administration, has shown significant prospect improving cancer therapy.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Humans ; Nanoparticles ; therapeutic use ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy

Objective To assess the contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) characteristics of pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA).Methods A retrospective analyse was made from the contrast-enhanced ultrasonic features of 42 PA and 8 CXPA.The features included tumor size,echotexture,boundary,shape and blood flow richness on conventional US imaging and rise time (RT),time to peak (TP),peak intensity(PI),time from peak to one half(HT),mean transit time (MTT),and area under the curve(AUC) on contrast-enhanced ultrasound.Results All of PA and CXPA were hypoechoic,but there was no difference between them in shape and blood flow richness (P ＞0.05).37.5％ CXPA has hetergeneous echotexture with the presence of anechoic area,but it appeared in only 4.8％ PA(P ＜0.05).The following findings were observed from a perfusion kinetics of CEUS in all of PA and CXPA:slow in,centripetal,heterogeneous enhancement,with no enhancement area.Well-defined margins were presented in 42 PA and in 7 CXPA(P ＜0.05).Their time-intensity curves showed RT,TP,HT and MTT in CXPA group were obviously higher than those in the PA group(P ＜0.05).However there was no statistical difference in PI and AUC between both groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Conventional US and CEUS perfusion patten provide limited diagnostic information for distinguishing PA from CXPA.CXPA could be diagnosed by ill defined margins,more internal anechoic area and poorly defined margins.But CEUS quantitative analysis can significantly promote the differentiation.

Background The establishment of diabetic animal model is a crucial step for the study about diabetic eye diseases. At present,the main modeling method include the injection of streptozotocin and alloxan. But the shortcoming of the former is an expensive price, and that of the later is high death rate of animals. Objective This experiment was to discuss the way which decrease the death of alloxan-injected animal and explore the effects of high blood glucose on the posterior capsular opacification (PCO). Methods Forty clean healthy male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 2 groups. 90mg/kg of alloxan were injected via ear vein once in 20 rabbits to create the diabetic animal models,and the equivalent amount of normal saline solution was injected at the same way as normal blood glucose group. The successful models were selected in the animals with the blood glucose level over 12. 0 mmol/L two weeks later, and PCO of lens were graded based on the method of Odrieh under the slit lamp. Extracapsular lens extraction was then performed on the right eye of rabbits in both groups, and the posterior capsules were obtained from these eyes at the 6th, 10th and 14th days after operation. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) in posterior capsular lens epithelial cell was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The modeling successful rate was 70% after injection of alloxan. The body weight of rabbits in high blood glucose group was significantly lowed and the blood glucose was significantly elevated in comparison with normal blood glucose group ( all P<0. 05). Two weeks after surgery ,2 eyes occurred 2 grade of PCO and only one eye showed the 1 grade of PCO in the high blood glucose group. However, 1 grade of PCO was found in 3 eyes in the normal blood glucose group. Biopsy revealed that PCNA was positively expressed in the cell nuclei of LECs in high blood glucose group rather than the normal blood glucose group from the 10th day after surgery. The proliferation index of PCNA was 0. 86±0. 04 and 0. 25±0. 03 respectively in high blood glucose group and normal blood glucose group, showing a significant difference between them (t = -16. 171 ,P = 0. 000). Conclusion Stable diabetic models of rabbits can be created by intravenous injection of 90 mg/kg alloxan. High blood glucose level is one of the important factors for the development of PCO.

This study examined the current changes of human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) mutation derived from a LQT2 Chinese family with a highly penetrating phenotype. Mutation was identified and site-directed mutagenesis was performed to induce the mutation in wild-type (WT) hERG. WT hERG and mutated V535M were cloned and transiently expressed in HEK293 cells. At the 48th and 72nd h after transfection, membrane currents were recorded using whole cell patch-clamp procedures. An A>G transition at 1605 resulting in replacement of V535M was identified. Compared to WT, V535M mutation significantly decreased tail currents of hERG. At test potential of -40 mV after depolarizing at +50 mV, tail current densities were 83.35±7.06 pA/pF in WT and 50.38±7.74 pA/pF in V535M respectively (n=20, P<0.01). Gating kinetics of hERG revealed that V (1/2) of steady-state inactivation shifted to negative potential in the mutant (V (1/2,V535M): -61.81±1.7 mV vs. V (1/2, WT): -43.1±0.71 mV). The time constant of recovery from inactivation was markedly prolonged in the mutant compared to WT among test potentials. V535M hERG mutation demonstrated markedly decreased tail current densities, which suggests that V535M is a new loss-of-function mutation of hERG channel responsible for LQT2.

Fever and sweating are the most common clinical symptoms, which are important parts in the inquiry of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Just as Zhang Jingyue said, Firstly inquire for cold and heat and secondly in-quire for the sweating. It placed both symptoms as priorities in the collection of disease history. In the clinical prac-tice, febrile diseases refer to acute exogenous diseases infected by warm evil with the main symptom of fever. And fever is almost throughout the entire process of febrile diseases. It is also known as Han-Bing for the visible varia-tion of sweating in its entire disease process. It is important to identify the abnormality of sweating for the determina-tion of the severity febrile diseases and the level of body fluid shortage. Therefore, two main symptoms for the diag-nosis of febrile diseases are particularly prominent and important. The reasons of sweating and fever in febrile dis-eases have been explored so much but the relationship between them is less which is extremely essential to learn more about febrile diseases. So we are expected to explore this topic to make better use of theories of febrile dis-eases.

Objective To verify the association between common breast cancer susceptibility loci which have been confirmed in European and Asian populations and breast cancer susceptibility in sporadic breast cancer among the Han nationality in Henan province , and to analyze their genotypes in the internal type of breast cancer . Methods In 253 breast cancer patients ( the case group ) and 343 patients who had benign breast lesions ( the control group), rs2046210(6q25.1), rs2981582(EGFR2), rs889312(MAP3K1), and rs3803662(TOX3/TNRC9)were genotyped by SNP im-LDR technique.According to estrogen receptor(ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)and Ki67, breast cancer are divided into 5 types:Lu-minal A, Luminal B, HER2-enrich, Luminal HER2, and triple negative breast cancer ( TNBC).Results rs2046210(6q25.1), rs2981582(EGFR2), rs889312(MAP3K1)had no statistical differences between the case group and the control group(P=0.421, 0.459, and 0.468), but the genotype of rs3803662(TOX3/TNRC9)in the case group and the control group had statistical difference (P=0.037).The allelic frequencies of rs3803662 between the case group and control group were different in codominant inheritance ( OR=2.19, 95%CI:1.19-4.02)and recessive genetic models (OR =2.06,95% CI:1.15 -3.70).Compared with AA and GA, GG in-creased the risk of breast cancer ( P =0.012, 0.015 ).The genotypes of rs2046210 ( 6q25.1 ), rs2981582 (EGFR2), rs889312(MAP3K1), and rs3803662(TOX3/TNRC9)had no difference in different types of breast cancer.Conclusions Four common breast cancer susceptibility loci from GWAS are not entirely associated with breast cancer risk among the Han nationality in Henan province .Only rs3803662(TOX3/TNRC9)is confirmed to increase the risk of breast cancer .Different genotypes of 4 loci distribute equally in different types of breast cancer .