To investigate me material basis of Mahuang Fuzi Xixin decoction (MFXD) for anti-inflammation and immune-suppression based on the combined method of serum chemical and serum pharmacological. The LC-MS/MS fingerprints of MFXD, drug-containing serum and blank serum were compared to define the components in plasma. Histamine, β-hexosaminidase released from RBL-2H3 cell infulenced by drug-containing serum at different time points were measured by ELISA. The effect of drug-containing serum on lipopolysaccharide-induced splenocyte proliferation at different time points were determined by MTT. A correlation analysis was made on components of MFXD and pharmacological indexes based the stepwise regression method. After the intragastrical administration with MFXD, 32 components were discovered in rat serum, including 27 prototype components (10 from Mahuang, 13 from Fuzi and four from Xixin) and five unknown components. Compared with blank serum, drug-containing serum could reduce the release of histamine from RBL-2H3 induced by antigen at different time points (P < 0.05); except the 4-hour drug-containing serum, all of the remaining drug-containing serums could inhibit the RBL-2H3 mastocyte degranulation induced by antigen at different time points (P < 0.05). Drug-containing serum could significantly lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse splenocyte proliferation at 15 and 30 min (P < 0.05). A regression analysis was made on the chemical data of components absorbed into blood and pharmacological indexes, i. e. release rate of histamine, release rate of β-hexosaminidase and inhibition rate of splenocyte. This suggested the close correlations among methyl pseudo-ephedrine, pseudoephedrine and histamine released from RBL-2H3 induced by antigen; pseudoephedrine, hypaconine, methyl pseudoephedrine and β-hexosaminidase released from RBL-2H3 induced by antigen; as well as benzoyl hypaconine, benzoylaconine, 14-benzoyl-10-OH-mesaconine, mesaconine and lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse splenocyte proliferation. Methylpseudoephedrine, pseudoephedrine, benzoyl hypaconine, benzoylaconine and mesaconine may be part of material basis of MFXD on anti-inflammation and immune suppression.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Cell Degranulation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Female ; Histamine ; immunology ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Male ; Mass Spectrometry ; Mast Cells ; drug effects ; immunology ; Mice ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Serum ; chemistry

Microbial lipase,one of important industrial biocatalysts,has been used widely in many industrial and agricultural fields.It is always the research focus to screen,mine and develop the microbial lipases with novel catalytic activity and high stability.This paper introduces briefly the pathways and methods to mine novel microbial lipase resources from six aspects,including extremophile,metagenome,genome database,protein engineering,immobilization,chemical modification,etc.

Objective To explore the pathological changes by CT scan on localized thermochemotherapy dur- ing and after the operation of human gliomas.Methods Retrospective analysis was given to the CT scan of 37 pa- tients receiving thermochemotherapy during and after the operation,and the relation of the tumorous cells and mi- crovessels and CT density by EM were analyzed.Changes of tumorous cells and microvessels after localized ther- mochemotherapy on C_6 gliomas in rat were analyzed.Results When the tumor was low dense on CT pattern,less cellular number with increasing the amount of fluid between the cells was demonstrated pathologically.On EM,a lower cellular electron density was observed.The amount of fluid in cytoplasm was increased,the cytoplasm was porous,swelling denaturation was chiefly seen in organelle.If the tumor had mixed density on CT,cellular number was more,the amount of fluid was less.On EM,cellular electron density increased correspondingly,the fluid in cyto- plasm decreased,organdie was aggregated.After thermochemotherapy,the tumor reduced,liquefied,and vanished by CT scan.It could be observed that the tumorous cell become smaller,concentrated and cataclased,finally formed apoprotic bodies and separated from the cell in C_6 gliomas in EM.The tumorous vessels was less,smaller and thinker. Some vessels only could see the base membrane and no endothelioid cells.Conclusion The remaining tumors is van- ished by CT scan.The mechanisms of tumors disappearance proposes to explain that thermochemotherapy can dam- age C_6 glioma cells and microvessels,decrease microvessels density and induce tumor ceils apoptosis.That inhibits tu- morous angiogenesis and proliferation.

We revisited the "Xiao Chaihu Decoction event (XCHDE)" occurred in late 1980s in Japan and the Bupleuri Radix related adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports in China After careful review, comparison, analysis and evaluation, we think the interstitial pneumonitis, drug induced Liver injury (DILI) and other severe adverse drug envents (ADEs) including death happened in Japan is probably results from multiple factors, including combinatory use of XCHDE with interferon, Kampo usage under modern medicine theory guidance, and use of XCHD on the basis of disease diagnosis instead of traditional Chinese syndrome complex differentiation. There are less ADE case reports related to XCHD preparation in China compared to Japan, mostly manifest with hypersensitivity responses of skin and perfuse perspiration. The symptoms of Radix Bupleuri injection related ADEs mainly manifest hypersensitivity-like response, 2 cases of intravenous infusion instead of intramuscular injection developed hypokalemia and renal failure. One case died from severe hypersensitivity shock. In Chinese literatures, there is no report of the interstitial pneumonitis and DILI associated with XCHDG in Japan. So far, there is no voluntary monitoring data and large sample clinical research data available. The author elaborated the classification of "reevaluation" and clarified "re-evaluation upon events" included the reaction to the suspected safety and efficacy events. Based on the current status of the clinical research on the Radix Bupleuri preparations, the author points out that post-marketing "re-evaluation upon suspected event" is not only a necessity of continuous evaluation of the safety, efficacy of drugs, it is also a necessity for providing objective clinical research data to share with the international and domestic drug administrations in the risk-benefit evaluation. It is also the unavoidable pathway to culture and push the excellent species and famous brands of TCM to the international market, in that it enhances the pharmaceutical manufactures the ability to control enterprise risk and eliminate the negative impact on traditional Chinese medicine. With the widely used and ADR report concentrated Radix Bupleuri injection as an example, the author provide a new approach to post-marketing clinical research.
Bupleurum ; chemistry ; Drug Compounding ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; etiology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing ; methods ; Safety

The virus strains were isolated from the liver and spleen of the dead young ducks characterized with symptoms of hemorrhagic-necrotic hepatitis. These isolates could cause the death of muscovy duck-embryo and chick-embryo. 1-day-old birds infected with these isolates had the same character with clinically dead birds and the virus could be isolated from artificially infected birds. These isolates could proliferate in MDEF and result in CPE. The virus could proliferate in the cytoplasm in order of crystals and arranged in the latlic-like. The viron was shown spherical, icosahedron, cubic symmetry, no-envelope, with double-layered capsid, about 70 nm in diameter by electron microscopy. The genome segments of the virus were consisted of L1-3, M1-3 and S1-4, which were similar to that of avian reovirus (ARV). Compared to 68.2%, 69.3% - 70.1%, respectively. The system evolution analysis showed that S3 gene coding sigmaB protein was placed in different branch of MDRV and ARV, indicating that S3 gene of the virus was different from ARV and MDRV. The main clinical symptoms and lesions of ducklings caused by the virus were different from the diseases caused by MDRV and ARV. It was concluded that the virus was a Novel duck reovirus belonging to Orthoreovirus genus of the Reoviridae family.
Animals ; Animals, Wild ; virology ; Bird Diseases ; pathology ; virology ; Chick Embryo ; China ; Ducks ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Orthoreovirus, Avian ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Phylogeny ; Reoviridae Infections ; pathology ; veterinary ; virology ; Viral Proteins ; genetics

Bronchial Diseases ; diagnosis ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; diagnosis

Objective To explore the clinical application and effect of the transplantation of the cutaneous fibular flap combined with anterolateral thigh flap for the repair of complex tissue defect of the leg. Methods The cutaneous fibular flap combined with anterolateral thigh flap in series connection or parallel connection transfer were applied to repair complex tissue defect of the leg in 36 cases. 10 cases were fresh non-infectious wound 26 cases were delayed infectious wound. The area of wound ranged from 25 cm × 18 cm to 45 cm × 13 cm (36 cm × 16 cm on average). The area of anterolateral thigh flap ranged from 12 cm × 13 cm to 32 cm × 18 cm. The area of the cutaneous fibular flap ranged from 2.0 cm × 1.5 cm to 18.0 cm × 16.0 era. The length of fibular transplantation ranged from 10 cm to 24 cm. 30 cases were combined in parallel connection transfer, 6 cases were combined in series connection transfer, 5 cases were repaired in emergency, 5 cases were repaired in subemergency, 26 cases were repaired in delay. Results All cases were successfully repaired in 36 cases.35 cases were followed up. A mean follow-up was 29 months. Arterial crisis occurred in 1 case, venous crisis occurred in 2 cases 34 flaps survived completely and 2 cutaneous fibular flap survived partially in parallel connection which were later healed by skin transplantation.32 cases were healed in first stage, 4 cases were healed in second stage, (healing time ranged from 12 to 18 days), Bone healing time ranged from 3 to 6 months in fibula transplantation. The Enneking score system was applied to evaluate the leg function. Of the 35 cases, the mean scores was 26 (their scores ranged from 23 to 28).The functions of all supplied regions were not found malfunctional. Conclusion Transplantation of the cutaneous fibular flap combined with anterolateral thigh flap is an optimal method to repair the complex tissue defect of the leg.

OBJECTIVETo explore operative method for the treatment of double injuries of superior shoulder suspensory complex (SSSC).

METHODSFrom January 2008 to March 2010,11 patients wiht SSSC injuries were treated, including 9 males and 2 females with an average age of 38 years (ranged from 20 to 47 years). The patients were treated with 4 methods as follows: 4 patients with fractures of neck of scapula combined with homolateral fracture of clavicle were treated with reconstituted plates; 2 patients with fractures of coracoid process or disruption of coracoclavicular ligament combined with the fracture of extremitas acromialis claviculae or acromioclavicular dislocation were treated with clavicular hook plates and cannulated compression screws; 3 patients with injuries of basilar part of acromial process combined with the glenoid cavity and acromioclavicular articulation were treated with reconstuction plates and clavicular hook plates; 2 patients with fractures of acromial process combined with acromioclavicular dislocation and the fracture of lateral third of clavicle were treated with small "T" plates and clavicular hook plates.

RESULTSAmong 11 patients, 9 patients were followed up with an average duration of 9.2 months (ranged from 6 to 12 months). All the fractures were healed without bone nonunion or failure of internal fixators. The average union time was 2.6 months. The profile of articulatio capitis humeri was normal and hibateral articulatio capitis humeri was symmetrical without crispation, descensus, adduct and adtorsion of articulatio capitis humeri or other abnormity. According to the Constant-Murley evaluation system, the score ranged from 69 to 100, with an average of 89.7, which included average pain score of 10 to 15, daily activities score of 14 to 20, myodynamia score of 15 to 25, territory score of 34 to 40.

CONCLUSIONThe double injuries of SSSC should be treated by types to recover the integrity and constancy of SSSC.

Acromioclavicular Joint ; injuries ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Shoulder Dislocation ; surgery ; Shoulder Joint ; injuries

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of genetic polymorphisms of epoxide hydrolase 1 (EPHX1) in the metabolism of styrene in vivo.

METHODSFifty-six styrene-exposed workers, who worked in the painting workshop of an enterprise for manufacturing glass fiber-reinforced plastic yachts in Shandong Province, China for over one year and were protected in approximately the same way, were selected as study subjects. The 8-hour time-weighted average concentration (8 h-TWA) of styrene and the concentrations of mandelic acid (MA) and phenyl glyoxylic acid (PGA) as urinary metabolites were measured. The genetic polymorphisms of EPHX1 were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.

RESULTSThe urinary concentrations of MA and PGA were 177.25±82.36 mg/g Cr and 145.91±69.73 mg/g Cr, respectively, and the 8 h-TWA of styrene was 133.28±95.81 mg/m3. Urinary concentrations of MA and PGA were positively correlated with 8 h-TWA of styrene (R=0.861, P < 0.05; R=0.868, P < 0.05). The subjects were divided into high-exposure group (8 h-TWA >50 mg/m(3)) and low-exposure group (8 h-TWA ≤ 50 mg/m(3), and in the two groups, the urinary concentrations of MA and PGA were significantly higher in the individuals carrying high-activity genotypes of EPHX1 than in those carrying low-activity genotypes of EPHX1 (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONGenetic polymorphisms of EPHX1 play an important role in the metabolic process of styrene in vivo.

Adult ; Air Pollutants, Occupational ; pharmacokinetics ; China ; Epoxide Hydrolases ; genetics ; Glyoxylates ; urine ; Humans ; Male ; Mandelic Acids ; urine ; Occupational Exposure ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Styrene ; pharmacokinetics

In order to make clear the packing mechanism of the BmNPV polyhedra, a polyhedrin gene negative recombinant baculovirus, vBmBac(polh-)-5B-EGFP, expressing EGFP was constructed, and used to infect BmN cells jointly with wild-type BmNPV. Fluorescent microscopic observation demonstrated that EGFP and polyhedrin were expressed simultaneously, and the EGFP expression and polyhedra formation occurred in most of the jointly infected cells. Analysis of the purified polyhedra from jointly infected BmN cells showed that the foreign proteins were present in the polyhedra. The results indicated that BmNPV polyhedrin could incorporate proteins other than viral proteins into the polyhedra. It implies that a nonspecific recognition mechanism exists in the embedment of BmNPV polyhedra.
Animals ; Bombyx ; Gene Expression ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Nucleopolyhedrovirus ; genetics ; physiology ; Viral Structural Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Virus Assembly