Neuropathic cancer pain (NCP) arises from physical or chemical damage to peripheral or central neurons or in the neural conduction system.The mechanisms of NCP include pain directly related to tumor involvement,pain associated with chemotherapy,radiotherapy and surgery,neuropathic syndromes associated with paraneoplastic syndromes,inflammation and other factors.A detailed history and careful physical examination are important means of diagnosis of NCP.The clinical evaluation of NCP should use standardized pain assessment scale.Till now,the treatments of NCP include opioid combined with auxiliary analgesic drugs,interventional treatment and gene treatment.Deciding treatment strategies according to the pathogenesis of NCP,multidisciplinary collaboration,combined therapy with different analgesic drugs and technologies are the therapeutic directions for NCP.

A bismuth-antimony fire assay method for the preconcentration of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, iridium and platinum in copper-nickel sulfide ores was developed. 40. 0 g bismuth trioxide, 25. 0 g boric acid, 10. 0 g sodium carbonate and 1. 00 g starch were mixed with 10. 0 g sample in a 120 mL porcelain bowl, which was put in a furnace at 850 ℃. After 20 min the temperature was raised to 1000 ℃ and held for another 40 min, and then the bowl was taken out, with the slag poured, which left the bismuth button to air cooling. A two-step cupellation procedure was developed. During the first step, the bismuth button was cupellated in a magnesia cupel until its diameter reached 5 mm or so, then it was transferred to a crucible cover containing 20 g melting antimony and kept cupellating, at last a bead with a diameter of 1 mm was obtained. The bead was microwave-digested, after cooling down to room temperature, the solvent of which was transferred to a volumetric flask and diluted to 10 ml with water. Pt and Pd were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry ( ICP-AES), while 99 Ru, 103 Rh, 191 Ir were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), with 115 In, 185 Re as internal standard. RSD (n = 12) of the analysis results of five platinum group elements ( PGEs) in standard reference material GBW07196 ranged from 7. 04% to 9. 48% . Under the condition of 10 g sample, the detection limits (ng / g) for PGEs are 0. 027 for Ru, 0. 016 for Rh, 0. 11 for Pd, 0. 10 for Ir and 0. 11 for Pt. The method was applied to the determination of PGEs in GBW07194, GBW07195, GBW07196 with satisfactory results.

Objective To determine the relationship between dietary fiber intake and risk of prostate cancer.Methods Electronic databases including PubMed,EMBase,Cochrane library,China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI),Wanfang and CBMwere searched to find eligible studies.Random-effects relative risk (RR)and its corresponding 95%CI were used.Besides,random-effects dose-response analyses were also performed to clarify the dose-response relations.Results Ten studies,including five cohort studies and five case-control studies,were eligible and included in this Meta-analysis.The pooled RR of prostate cancer for the highest compared with the lowest dietary fiber intake was 0.87 (95%CI:0.77-0.99,Z =2.10,P =0.035). In addition,pooled estimated data showed that risk of prostate cancer was significantly associated with soluble fiber (RR =0.78,95%CI:0.64-0.95,Z =2.45,P =0.014)and insoluble fiber (RR =0.65,95%CI:0.45-0.88,Z =2.79,P =0.005),but not with fruit,vegetable and cereal fiber intake.However,in dose-response analysis,no significant association was reported (RR =0.996,95%CI:0.989-1.002).Sensitivity analysis showed that the overall results were relatively stable,and omission of any single study had little effect on the combined results.Conclusion Dietary fiber intake is negative related to the risk of prostate cancer. Intake of dietary fiber is recommended to prevent prostate cancer.Considering the limitations of the included studies,more well-designed prospective studies will be needed to confirm our findings.

Aim To investigate the effect of paeoniflorin(PF)on TLR2/4 pathway in AGEs-induced RAW264.7 macrophages.Methods RAW264.7 macrophages were incubated at different time points in AGEs stimulation,as well as different concentrations of PF,to optimize experimental conditions.RAW264.7 macrophages were randomly divided into five groups: control group(DMEM),bull serum albumin(BSA)group(200 mg·L-1 BSA),AGEs group(200 mg·L-1 AGEs),paeoniflorin group(200 mg·L-1 AGEs+10-5 mol·L-1 PF)and TLR2/4 inhibitor group(200 mg·L-1 AGEs+30 mg·L-1 OxPAPC).The expression of Toll-like receptor 2(TLR2),Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4),myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88),p-IRAK1,TIR-domain containing adaptor protein-inducing IFN-β(TRIF),interferon regulatory factor 3(IRF3),p-IRF3,NF-κB p-p65,NF-κB p65,inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-l β(IL-1β)and monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1)were measured by Western blot.Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA,while TNF-α,IL-1β and MCP-1 levels in cell supernatant were measured by ELISA.Results Compared with control group,AGEs significantly increased the expression of TLR2,TLR4,MyD88,p-IRAK1,TRIF,IRF3,p-IRF3,NF-κB p-p65,NF-κB p65,iNOS,TNF-α,IL-1β and MCP-1 proteins(P<0.01),as well as TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA(P<0.01).TNF-α,IL-1β and MCP-1 contents were also elevated in cell supernatant(P<0.01).The effects induced by AGEs were decreased significantly in PF and TLR2/4 inhibitor group(P<0.01).Conclusion PF plays an anti-inflammatory effect via inhibiting TLR2/4 pathway on macrophages,which may provide a new theoretical basis for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.

Objective To construct multiple myeloma mucin MUC1-2VNTR gene eukaryotic expressing vector,which provided the basic material for further study of multiple myeloma DNA vaccine.Methods MUC1-2VNTR coding gene as target gene,and a KOZAK sequence was inserted before it.Hind Ⅲ and Xba Ⅰ restriction enzyme site were inserted on both ends.Then the whole sequence was synthesized and cloned into pcDNA3.1/myc-his B vector,and the recombinant vector was identified by restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing.Results Synthesized MUC1-2VNTR gene was 140 bp.Restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing confirmed pcDNA3.1/MUC1-2VNTR/myc-his B including the whole exact translation frame region and MUC1-2VNTR gene.Condnsion The pcDNA3.1/MUC1-2VNTR/myc-his B has been successfully constructed,which provides the basic material for further studies of MUC1 mucin function and multiple myloma DNA vaccine.

OBJECTIVETo summarize the clinical manifestation and diagnosis of ganglioneuroma in spine and investigate the clinical effect of surgical treatment.

METHODSThe clinical data of 6 patients underwent a surgery for ganglioneuroma in spine from January 2008 to January 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 4 males and 2 females, aged from 2 to 63 years old with an average of 34.6 years. The courses of disease were from 3 days to 17 years. Five patients complicated with superficial hypesthesia in correlative level of tumor, and the muscle strength under tumor plane had decreased at different levels, with the strength of grade II-IV. Two cases complicated with hypermyotonia and positive bilateral Hoffmann's and Babinski sign. Five cases were sporadic lesion in correlative spinal canal and one case complicated with the giant occupying lesion in thoracic cavity.

RESULTSSix operations had been performed including 5 en bloc and 1 subtotal resection. Postoperative pathological results showed tumor cells scattered or fasciculated inserted into Schwann cells in the stroma. In 2 patients complicated with radiculalgia before operation, 1 case was relieved and 1 was invariant after operation. All 4 patients with preoperative dyscinesia in the limbs obtained improvement after operation. All the patients were followed up from 0.3 to 6.8 years with an average of 2.5 years. At the final follow-up, according to ASIA grade, 5 cases were good and 1 case was invariant. During the follow-up, only 1 patient experienced chemoradiation because of merging ganglioneuroblastoma and receiving subtotal resection. No recurrence in other 5 cases.

CONCLUSIONGanglioneuroma is a benign and rare tumors in spine. Clinically, radicular pain and sensory-motor disorders are the main manifestations. Its diagnosis depends on pathological examination. Prognosis of surgical treatment is good.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Ganglioneuroma ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; surgery

Autoimmune is involved in the pathogenesis of ventricular remodeling in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In the present study, we investigated the effect of anti-cardiac myosin heavy chain antibodies (AMHCA) from patients with AMI on rat cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was observed and measured by DNA end labeling and Annexin-V/PI double-staining assay. The expression of apoptosis related p53 and Bcl-2 protein and the second messenger calcium were detected respectively by Western blotting, patch clamp and confocal calcium imaging. The results showed that AMHCA was able to induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis in a dose dependent manner. Apoptosis-accelerating nucleoprotein p53 was up-regulated, while apoptosis-inhibiting cytoplasmic protein Bcl-2 was down-regulated. In parallel, cytoplasmic calcium concentration was elevated. There was no effect on L-type calcium currents. It is concluded that AMHCA in patients with AMI as a novel triggering factor can induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis, which contributes to ventricular remodeling.

OBJECTIVETo identify the biomechanical feasibility of the thoracic extrapedicular approach to the placement of screws.

METHODSFive fresh adult cadaveric thoracic spine from T1 to T8 were harvested. The screw was inserted either by pedicular approach or extrapedicular approach. The result was observed and the pullout strength by pedicular screw approach and extrapedicular screw approach via sagittal axis of the vertebrale was measured and compared statistically.

RESULTSIn thoracic pedicular approach, the pullout strength of pedicle screw was 1001.23 N+/-220 N (288.2-1561.7 N)ls and that of thoracic extrapedicular screw approach was 827.01 N+/-260 N when screw was inserted into the vertebrae through transverse process, and 954.25 N+/-254 N when screw was inserted into the vertebrae through the lateral cortex of the pedicle. Compared with pedicular group, the pullout strength in extrapedicular group was decreased by 4.7% inserted through transverse process (P larger than 0.05) and by 17.3% inserted through the lateral cortex (P less than 0.05). The mean pullout strength by extrapedicular approach was decreased by 11.04% as compared with pedicular approach (P less than 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSIt is feasible biomechanically to use extrapedicular screw technique to insert pedicular screws in the thoracic spine when it is hard to insert by pedicular approach.

Adult ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Screws ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether blood stasis is one of the main causes in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

METHODSThe clinical manifestation of blood stasis syndrome were comprehensively scored in sixty postmenopausal osteoporosis patients, their vascular endothelial function and platelet activating capacity were also detected, and compared with those in 30 healthy women as control.

RESULTSThe molecular indexes as vascular endothelial function and platelet activating capacity, as well as comprehensive scores of clinical manifestation of blood stasis syndrome in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients were significantly different to those of healthy women (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThere is objective molecular pathologic change of blood stasis syndrome in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Blood stasis plays an important role in pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Aged ; Blood Viscosity ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Endothelium, Vascular ; physiopathology ; Female ; Hemorheology ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ; blood ; etiology ; Platelet Activation ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo study the difference in the pharmacokinetics of emodin in Zhiganning capsules and Rhizoma Polygontum Cuspidatum by nonaqueous RP-HPLC.

METHODThe rats were orally administered with the extraction of Rhizoma Polygontum Cuspidatum and Zhiganning capsules. After hydrolysis and extraction, the content of emodin in the plasma is determined by Nonaqueous RP-HPLC.

RESULTThe concentration-time profiles of emodin fit two-compartment model. The pharmacokinetics parameters including, t1/2alpha, AUC(0-infinity), CL(s) and C(max) of emodin in the group of Rhizoma Polygontum Cuspidatum were significantly different from these in the group of its compounds.

CONCLUSIONThere is a significant difference in pharmacokinetics of emodin between zhiganning capsules and the extraction of Rhizoma Polygontum Cuspidatum.

Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Capsules ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Emodin ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Female ; Male ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polygonum ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rhizome ; chemistry