Objective To study the prevention and treatment of chylous leakage after Whipple operation.Methods Clinical data of 381 patients underwent Whipple operation from Jan 2010 to march 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among 381 patients,23 patients had chylous leakage,the incidence was 6.04％.While in 89 patients,in which intraoperative precautionary physical ligation or mattress suturing of the lymphatic vessels were undertaken,no chyle leakage occurred ; Most of chyle leakage occurred in malignant tumor after radical resection(21 patients),most chylous leakage was found 5-8 days after surgery,with daily volume of 260-450 ml.All patients of chylous leakage were cured by conservative treatment.Conclusions Chylous leakage are common in PD.Intraoperative preventive measures such as lymphatic duct ligation or safe suturing can effectively prevent chyle leakage.Conservative therapy heals most chylous leakage after Whipple operation.

0.05).(2) Compared with NC group,there was a significant decrease in GG fatigue resistance in CIH group(P

Fourteen compoumds were isolated from the ethyl acetate portion of the 95% ethanolic extract of Pleione bulbocodioides by a combination of various chromatographic techniques including silica gel, ODS, macroporous adsorbent resin, Sephadex LH-20, and preparative HPLC, of which ten compoumds were phenanthrenes and dihydrophenanthrenes, two compoumds were bibenzyls, one was lignan and a sterol. Their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic data as monbarbatain A(1), 2, 7, 2'-trihy-droxy-4, 4', 7'-trimethoxy-1, 1'- biphenanthrene(2), blestriarene A(3), pleionesin B(4), shanciol H(5), 17-hydroxy-7'-(4'-hy-droxy-3 '-methoxyphenyl)- 4-methoxy-9, 10, 7', 8'-tetrahydrophenanthro[2, 3-b]furan-8'-yl methyl acetate(6), 1-p-hydroxybenzyl-4-methoxy phenanthrene-2, 7-diol(7), 1-p-hydroxybenzyl-4-met-hoxy-9, 10-dihydrophenanthrene-2, 7-diol(8), hircinol(9), coelonin( 10), gigantol(11), batatasin 11 (12), syringaresinol(13) and ergosta4, 6, 8 ( 14) , 22-tetraen-3-one (14). Compounds 1-3, 9, 13 and 14 were isolated from this genus for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Orchidaceae ; chemistry ; Organic Chemicals ; analysis

Objective To investigate the effects of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC) alone or combined with trichostatin A(TSA) on cell proliferation, promoter methylation and mRNA expression level of PDX-1 gene in pancreatic β cells induced by high glucose toxicity. Method NIT-1 cells were treated in vitro by high glucose (33.3 mmol/L), then divided into five groups, control group, HG grpup, 5-Aza-dC treatment group, TSA interfere group and 5-Aza-dC + TSA group. Proliferation of NIT-1 cells, insulin secretion, promoter methylation and mRNA expression of PDX-1 gene were detected respectively. Results 5-Aza-dC and TSA alone or in combination could promote cell proliferation and recover insulin secretion in NIT-1 cells , could also reduce PDX-1 gene methylation and enhance expression of PDX-1 mRNA. Compared with single-treatment group , combined group was significantly different (all P < 0.05). Conclusion 5-Aza-dC and TSA could activate the expression of PDX-1 and, then recover insulin secretion in NIT-1 cells induced by high glucose. Combination of them had synergistic effect.

Objective To evaluate the features of the encapsulated papillary thyroid carcinoma (EPTC) by ultrasound and histopathology.Methods The EPTC were classified into the following two types based on the shape,characteristics of the border,size of the nodule,echogenicity,a hypoechoic halo and microcalcification by ultrasound features:papillary carcinoma (PC) type and follicular tumor (FT) type.Results Of all the 33 cases,21 cases were PC type and 12 cases were FT type.The histopathological result of PC type was papillary carcinoma.PC type had a jagged border,an irregular tumor shape with marked hypoechogenicity by ultrasound.PC type were composed of papillae by histopathology,completely surrounded by a fibrous capsule with tumor cells having the nuclear features of papillary thyroid carcinoma,densely interstitial fibrosis and microcalcification;FT type had a smooth border,a regular shape (spherical to oval),isoechogenicity and a hypoechoic halo by ultrasound.FT type were completely or significantly composed of follicles by histopathology,completely surrounded by a fibrous capsule with tumor cells having the nuclear features of papillary thyroid carcinoma.Hypoechoic halo were more frequently observed in FT type than in PC type.The nodule size of FT type(1.8-7.0 cm)was larger than that of PC type(0.8-5.2 cm).Fine and multiple strong echoes were characteristically present only in PC type.Conclusion The EPTC have characteristic features that are similar to those of the benign follicular thyroid tumor by ultrasound.

Background Studies showed that macophenolic acid (MPA)down-regulates and inhibits the expression and secretion of tissue growth factor and inflammatory factor,and further impacts the proliferation and inflammation process.Pterygium is an inflammatory and proliferative lesion.Whether MPA has an inhibitory effect on pterygium is unclear.Objective This study was to investigate the antifibrotic effects of macophenolic acid on pterygium fibroblasts(PFBs) in vitro and discuss its mechanism.Methods Pterygium tissue was obtained from pterygium patient during the surgery.PFBs were cultured using explants and identified with vimentin immunohistochemisty.0,0.125,0.250,0.500,1.000 μmol/L MPA were added into the culture medium,respectively,and the cells were cultured in the medium without MPA as the control group.MTT colorimetry was used to find the optimization effective concentration of MPA and evaluate their inhibitory effect on PFBs,and BrdU fluorescence staining was used to assess the growth statue of PFBs.Expressions of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB),p65 and inhibitor of NF-κB-α(IκB-α) in the cells were detected by Western blot.Results The cells was spindle in shape 3 days after cultured and showed the vortex and radial arrangement with the positive response to vimentin.With the increase of MPA,the proliferative value of PFBs (A560)showed gradually decline,with a significant difference among the five groups (F =42.874,P＜0.01).In addition,the proliferative value of PFBs (A560) significantly lowed as the prolong of MPA active time(F=26.038,P＜0.01).BrdU fluorescence staining showed a significant decrease of DNA synthesis of PFBs with the elevation of MPA dose among the five groups(F=175.279,P＜0.05),and the A560of PFBs DNA synthesis in different concentrations of MPA groups was lower than that of the control group (all at P＜0.05).No apoptotic and necrotic cell was found after MPA action by DAPI staining.The expression level of p65 in the PFBs was 0.886±0.072 and 1.542±0.124 in the MPA group and the control group,indicating a declined value in the MPA group(P＜0.05).However,the expression value of IκB-α in the cytoplasm PFBs was significantly higher in the MPA group compared with the control group(2.141 ±0.305 vs.1.559±0.267) (P＜0.05).Conclusions MPA has an inhibitory effect on the growth of PFBs,which probably is related to the arresting of NF-κB pathway.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate in vitro effect of abnormal savda munziq (ASMq) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFs).

METHODSHSFs were divided into six groups to receive different treatments as group A (blank control group), group B-E (ASMq in different concentration), and group F(5-Fu). Each group contains six specimens. The HSFs were cultured in vitro. After culture for 48 hours, the CCK8 test and flow cytometry methods were used to detect the proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis.

RESULTSThe proliferation of HSFs in the B, C, D and E groups was inhibited at G2/M period, while it was inhibited at G0/S period in group F (P < 0.05). The inhibition effect of ASMq (0.1-1.0 mg/ml) on the fibroblasts enhanced in a concentration-dependent manner. Flow cytometry analysis with annexin V-FITC and PI staining confirmed the apoptotic. When HSFs were exposed to ASMq at 1.0 mg/ml (group E) for 48 h, the percentage of apoptotic cells increased to (43.7 +/- 2.58)%, which was significantly higher than that of blank control group (2.2 +/- 0.59)%. The induced apoptosis effect was also increased in a concentration-dependent manner.

CONCLUSIONASMq has a inhibitory effect on the proliferation and an enhancement effect on the apoptosis of fibroblast. ASMq could be used as an effective drug for treatment of hypertrophic scar.

Apoptosis ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; physiology ; Cell Division ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; pathology ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional

Objective To understand the situation of medical students' social adaptability and analyze its relationship with their family upbringing style.Methods A cross-sectional study was adopted,and the random sampling method was used to selected medical students as targeted population in a medical university in Jilin City.Parenting Style Assessment Scale and Social Adaptation Diagnostic Scale were applied to know the family rearing styles and social adaptability status of medical college students.Results Among the 198 responders,the proportion of good and strong social adaptability among medical college studies accounted for only 8.1％ (16) and 2.0％ (4);The social adaptation ability of the urban students and the only child students was higher than that of the rural and non only child students (P＜0.05);In parental rearing pattems,regardless of sex,whether students were the only child and where their census register was,emotional warmth and understanding were all positively correlated with medical students' social adaptation ability (P＜0.05),while refusal and denial were negatively correlated with medical students' social adaptation ability (P＜0.05);In addition,the punishment,severe over protection and other parenting styles also showed a certain degree of negative correlation with social adaptability(P＜0.05).Conclusion The social adaptability of medical students is poor,and their parenting styles was correlated with their social adaptation ability.Parents should give their children warmth and understanding,rather than rejection,denial,punishment,and overprotection,which will help to improve medical students' social adaptability.

Objective To investigate the effects of PM2.5 on tear film function and corneal epithelial structure in mice.Methods Totally 24 male BALB/c mice (24 eyes) were divided into two groups:group A (with PBS eye drops,n =12),group B (5 mg · mL-1 PM2.5 eye drop group,n =12).PBS and PM2.5 eye drop were given with four times per day for 7 consecutive days in right eye.Tear secretion level was measured with phenol red thread.Break-up time (BUT) of tear film was tested,and corneal fluorescein staining (FL) was scored before therapy and 1 day,4 days and 7 days after droppings and HE staining was performed 7 days after droppings,respectively.Results There was no significant difference in the tear secretion levels,BUT,FL between the groups A and B before treatment (all P ＞ 0.05).At 4 days,7 days after treatment with PM2.5,the mean differences of the group B showed all items significantly changed compared with those before treatment (all P ＜ 0.05).For the group A,there was no statistical change in tear secretion levels,BUT,FL at 7 days after treatment (all P ＞ 0.05).There were statistical differences in all items between group A and B at each time point (all P ＜ 0.05).At 7 days after therapy,the mean layers of corneal epithelial cells in the group A (4 ± 1) was significantly lower than that in the group B (7 ±l) (P ＜0.05).The group B showed that the whole corneal fluorescein staining obviously increased,and corneal epithelial cell layer was thickened.Conclusion PM2.5 can influence tears film function and damage the corneal epithelial structure in mice.