Objective Using apomorphine, a potent dopamine receptor agonist and rotating T-maze, the effect of apomorphine on the visual discrimination learning and reversal learning in rats was investigated. Methods All rats were trained in a visual discrimination task (food reward and light stimulus) in rotating T-maze. After reaching the acquisition criterion, rats were trained in a reversal task (food reward and without light stimulus) in the same maze. During the period of visual discrimination task, apomorphine was administrated either 30 minutes prior to learning or after learning immediately. Results The results showed that apomorphine, which was given either 30 minutes prior to visual discrimination learning or after learning, could impair the acquisition of discrimination learning( 259.20±26.29 and 264.00±16.97, compared to 168.00±16.97 and 163.20±20.08) and apomorphine, which was given only after visual discrimination learning, could impair the acquisition of reversal learning (451.20±39.44 compared to 360.00±29.39). Conclusion The results showed that apomorphine, which was given either 30 minutes prior to visual discrimination learning or after learning, could impair the acquisition of discrimination learning and apomorphine, which was given only after visual discrimination learning, could impair the acquisition of reversal learning.

To observe the changes in hemorheology, endotoxin and TNF ? in blood after hemoperfusion(HP) with adsorbent immobilized polymyxin B (PMB) on sepsis in rats. Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups:LPS+HP+PMB,LPS+HP and LPS. All the rats received intravenously injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coil O111:B4,1mg/kg). Plasma of the rats in the group of LPS+HP+PMB was passed through a column containing sepharose coated activated charcoal immobilized polymyxin B at the 4th hour after LPS injection. The treated plasma was transfused bak after being mixed with blood cells. In LPS+HP group, the column did not contain immobilized polymyxin B. The animals of LPS group received LPS only. Quantitative endotoxin determination in blood was done with limulus amebocyte lysate test,TNF ? of the plasma assayed with ELISA, and hemorheology parameters were also observed after hemoperfusion. In LPS+HP+PMB group, the concentration of plasma was significantly decreased after hemoperfusion, but it was still significantly higher than the baseline value, and there was a decrease of blood cell ratio after hemoperfusion. The results suggest that specific adsorbent could remove endotoxin in the circulation and improve hemorheology.

Objective To investigate the synthesis, in vivo biodistribution of 99Tcm-HYNIC-PEG4-E[PEG4-c (RGDfk)] 2 (99 Tcm-Galacto-RGD2), and its potential usage for targeted imaging of mice orthotopic glioma.Methods 99Tcm-Galacto-RGD2 was synthesized straightforward and its radiochemical purity and stability and distribution in mice were analyzed.MicroSPECT-CT imaging was done in a mice orthotopic glioma model, which had been set up with U87MG cells, after administration of 99Tcm-Galacto-RGD2.Region of interest (ROI) of glioma was drawn on SPECT-CT section images to quantify tumor uptake (％ ID/cm3).Glioma was harvested for pathological examination.Linear-regression was used to analyze the relationship between integrin αvβ3 and tumor uptake (％ID/cm3).Results The radiochemical purity of 99Tcm-Galacto-RGD2 was (97.7 ±0.8)％ and stable in vitro.Hynic-Galacto-RGD2 could specifically bind to integrin αv β3 of tumor cells with a IC50 of (18 ± 3) nmol/L.After tail vein injection, 99Tcm-Galacto-RGD2 was rapidly discharged from the blood, liver, kidneys and had a relative low concentration in normal brain tissue.MicroSPECT-CT imaging demonstrated that, after 60 min of injection, this drug was well uptaken by glioma tumor than that after 30 min (t =7.13 ,P ＜0.05), and the tumor to normal brain tissue (T/B) uptake ratio of 99Tcm-Galacto-RGD2 was 13.92± 3.43.Injection of HYNICGalacto-RGD2 2 min prior to 99Tcm-Galacto-RGD2 injection extensively reduced the uptake of radioactive drug in tumor tissue (t =11.36, P ＜ 0.05).Bland-Altman analysis showed that tumor volume based on SPECT-CT imaging measurement had almost same value with the tumor reference volume (95％ CI =-11.94％-11.92％).In addition, the tumor uptake of 99Tcm-Galacto-RGD2 and cellular integrin αvβ3 expression level had a linear relationship (R2 =0.896).Conclusions Stable 99Tcm-Galacto-RGD2 can be synthesized easily and is applicable for microSPECT-CT imaging analysis of orthotopic glioma in mice together with the evaluation of integrin αvβ3 level in tumor.

Objective To synthesize 99Tcm- (hydrazinonictinamide- [Lys3] -bombesin) (tricine)(trisodium triphenylphosphine-3,3',3"-trisulfonate) ((HYNIC-[Lys3]-BBS) (tricine) (TPPTS)) and evaluate its biodistribution and binding capability with tumor tissue in Balb/c nude mice bearing human pancreatic cancer xenografts. Methods HYNIC was conjugated to the [Lys3] -BBS at pH = 9.0 with SnCl2 as reducing agent and both tricine and TPPTS as coligands for 99Tcm-labeling. 99Tcm-HYNIC-[Lys3]-BBS)(tricine) (TPPTS) was purified by Sep-Pak C18 cartridge and was analysed by HPLC. The radiochemical purity and radiolabeling yield were measured. The stability of 99Tcm-(HYNIC-[Lys3]-BBS) (tricine)(TPPTS) in serum, biodistribution (% ID/g) in the normal mice and imaging of the Balb/c nude mice bearing human pancreatic cancer xenografts in vivo were studied. Results The radiolabeling yield was (90 ±2)% and the radiochemical purity was over 95%. The radiochemical purity after 4 h in serum was over 85%. The distribution in normal mice showed rapid clearance from blood (the uptake was (0.07 ±0.01) %ID/g at 2 h postinjection). 99Tcm-(HYNIC-[Lys3]-BBS) (tricine) (TPPTS) was excreted mainly via the kidney with little radioactivity accumulation in the liver and gastrointestinal tract (the uptake of liver, stomach, intestine was (0.27 ±0.03), (0.06 ±0.03), (0.04 ±0.00) %ID/g at 2 h postinjection). Marked uptake of radioactivity was found in tumor tissue of the Balb/c nude mice bearing human pancreatic cancer with maximum T/NT ratio of 3.71 ± 0.57 at 2 h postinjection. Conclusions 99Tcm-(HYNIC-[Lys3]-BBS)(tricine) (TPPTS) can be easily prepared with high radiolabeling yield and radiochemical purity. The stability in serum and good biodistribution charateristics make it useful for the diagnosis of human pancreatic cancer with over-expression of the gastric-releasing peptide(GRP) receptor.

Objective To construct of shRNA lentiviral expression vector targeting APRIL (aproliferation-inducing ligand) gene in CFPAC-1 cell of human pancreatic cancer. Methods We used gene engineering to screen RNA interference targeting sequence of APRIL gene. The complementary DNA containing both sense and antisense Oligo DNA of the targeting sequence was designed, synthesized and cloned into the pGCL-GFP vector. The resulting lentiviral vector containing shAPRIL were named LV-shAPRIL. Then it was conformed by PCR and DNA sequencing identification. 293T cells were eotransfected with LV-shAPRIL,pHelper 1.0 and pHelper 2.0 to product ientivirus. The titer of virus was tested according to the expression level of GFP in the 293T cells. After recombinant lentivirus infection into CFPAC-1 cells, we used real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting to examine APRIL mRNA and protein expression at different cell culture period.Results PCR analysis and DNA sequencing conformed that shAPRIL DNA was successfully inserted into the lentiviral vector. The titer of concentrated virus were 5 × 107 TU/ml. APRIL expression in CFPAC-1 cells were inhibited significantly at both mRNA and protein level. APRIL mRNA expression were decreased 73%, 70%and 71% , respectively, after the infection of 4 days, 4 weeks and 8 weeks by LV-shAPRIL. APRIL protein expression were decreased 66%, 63% and 62%, respectively , after the infection of 4 days , 4 weeks and 8weeks by LV-shAPRIL. Conclusions ShRNA lentiviral expression vector targeting APRIL gene has been successully constructed, and it can effectively inhibit the expression of APRIL gene in CFPAC-1 ceils. This study lays a foundatin for in vivo research APRIL gene scilence in pancreatic cancer cell using the model of nude mice.

OBJECTIVETo study clinical results of reduction and fixation under arthroscopy for the treatment of osteochondrotical lesion in the knee.

METHODSFrom December 2012 to December 2013, 4 patients with the knee joint osteochondritis lesion and free bone fragments were treated with arthroscopy to detect the stripped cartilage, and then the cartilages were reduced with small incision and fixed by cartilage nail. There were 3 males and 1 female, with age of 15, 15, 20 and 27 years old. The durations of the disease were 1 d, 5 d, 1 month and 1 year. All the patients had swelling and effusion in the knee joint, and the floating patellar test was positive. CT examination showed bone defects and loose bodies. The Lysholm, VAS, and Tegner scale were used to evaluate the knee joint functions before and after operation.

RESULTSAll the patients underwent successful surgery. Postoperative CT showed good location of the cartilage without loss of reduced bone and cartilage. All the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 10 to 13 months, with a mean of 12 months. In one patient, arthroscopy examination was conducted for a second time to examine the connection of the fracture part to the surrounding cartilage, and it showed that the internal fixator was not absorbed. The Lysholm, VAS and Tegner scale of all patients were better than those before operation.

CONCLUSIONTreatment of osteochondritis lesion with the fixation of absorbable cartilage nails may reconstruct the integrity of articular surface and recover the stability of joints, and it is an effective treatment method.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Arthroscopy ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; surgery ; Male ; Osteochondritis Dissecans ; etiology ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Visual Analog Scale

Bronchogenic Cyst ; Child ; Humans ; Male ; Neck ; pathology ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the inhibitive effect of shRNA (short hairpin RNA) targeting APRIL gene on the pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, in order to explore the feasibility of gene therapy for pancreatic cancer. Methods The LV-shAPRIL targeting APRIL gene had been constructed before, and was used to infect the CFPAC-1 cells. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined by MTT and flow cytometry. Then CFPAC-1 cells were used to construct the model of transplantation tumor into the nude mice, the tumor growth was assessed after LV-shAPRIL treatment. Results 96 hours after the LV-shAPRIL infection into CFPAC-1 cells, the cell proliferation was significantly inhibited when compared with control group and lentivirus infection group (P＜0.05 ). Flow cytometry showed the apoptosis ratio of the CFPAC-1 cells was (17.35±0.96)% in LV-shAPRIL group, which was higher than that in control group and lentivirus infection group (P＜0.05 ). After LV-shAPRIL injection into the model of nude mice, the tumor growth was slower than that in the two control groups. The tumor's volume of the LV-shAPRIL group was(821.8±123.3) mm3 and the mass was (2.16±0.18)g at 27 day, and were obviously depressed, when compared with two control groups (P±0.05). Conclusions LV-shAPRIL targeting APRIL gene can inhibit the growth of the CFPAC-1 cells in vitro and vivo. This may provide a new gene therapy approach for pancreatic cancer.

Objective To compare changes in indexes and analyze their values in prognosis of severe burn patients with sepsis.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted. The patients with severe burn sepsis admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from August 2014 to December 2016 were enrolled. The blood culture was positive in the clinical diagnosis of sepsis. According to the prognosis, the patients were divided into death group and survival group. Their general information, vital signs, blood routine examination, serum sodium (Na+), serum glucose (Glu), C-reactive protein (CRP) and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) at the time of admission and diagnosis of sepsis as well as the level of serum procalcitonin (PCT) at admission, diagnosis of sepsis and 1-8 days of post diagnosis were also compared. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to analyze the prognostic value of each index, and multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the influence of each index on the survival time, and the survival curve of Kaplan-Meier was analyzed for dead patients.Results There were 25 cases of severe burn patients with sepsis, which were admitted to hospital within 12 hours after injury; the time of diagnosis of burn sepsis was (14±6) days; 8 cases of survival; 17 cases died, the mortality rate was 68.0%, the time from diagnosis of sepsis to death was (28±14) days. The age of the death group was significantly higher than that of the survival group (years: 41±12 vs. 29±9,t = 2.598,P = 0.016), but there was no significant difference in the gender, total burn area,Ⅲ degree area, and the time of diagnosis of sepsis between the two groups. The platelet count (PLT) at the diagnosis of sepsis in death group was significantly lower than that of the survival group (×109/L: 69±43 vs. 180±108,t = -2.773, P = 0.023), and the PCT at 1-8 days of post-diagnosis in the death group was significantly higher than that of survival group [μg/L: 4.4 (2.2, 9.0) vs. 1.6 (0.7, 2.3),Z = -2.521,P = 0.012], but there was no significant difference in body temperature, heart rate, white blood cell count (WBC), percentage of neutrophils (Neu), Na+, Glu, CRP, PCT, PaCO2 at the time of admission and diagnosis of sepsis and PLT at the time of admission between the two groups. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under ROC curve (AUC) of age, PLT at the time of diagnosis and PCT at 1-8 days of post-diagnosis of sepsis was 0.808, 0.779, 0.825, respectively, for predicting the prognosis of patients with severe burn sepsis (allP < 0.05). At the cut-off age of 32, the sensitivity was 73.3% and the specificity was 75.0%. As the cut-off of PLT was 138×109/L at the time of diagnosis, the sensitivity was 92.3% and the specificity was 75.0%. As the cut-off of PCT was 2.39μg/L at 1-8 days of post-diagnosis of sepsis, the sensitivity was 73.3% and the specificity was 87.5%. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age and PLT at the time of diagnosis were the favorable factors for the survival time of patients with severe burn sepsis (β value were -1.834, -0.029, respectively, bothP < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis for patients in the death group showed that the median survival time of patients ≥32 years old was longer than that of patients < 32 years old (days: 32 vs. 9); 18-day cumulative survival rate was significantly higher than that of patients < 32 years old [83.3% (10/12) vs. 25.0% (1/4),χ2 = 9.705,P = 0.003].Conclusion Age, PLT at diagnosis of sepsis and PCT at 1-8 days after diagnosis of sepsis could be used as prognostic indexes for severe burn patients with sepsis.

Objective To construct small hairpin RNA(shRNA) lentiviral vectors targeting human a proliferation-inducing ligand(APRIL) gene and detect the titer of virus and suitable multiplicity of infection (MOI) after 293T cells were infected by the lentival vectors. Methods Three RNA interference targeting sequences of APRIL gene were screened including shAPRIL1210, shAPRIL1754 and shAPRIL1604. Both sense and antisense Oligo DNA of the targeting sequences were synthesized and cloned into the pGCL-GFP vector, respectively. The resulting lentiviral vectors containing shAPRIL were named LV-shAPRIL1210, LV-shAPRIL1754, LV-shAPRILI604. Then they were confirmed by PCR and DNA sequencing. 293T cells were co-transfected with LV-shAPRIL, pHelper 1.0 and pHelper 2. 0 to product lentivirus, respectively. The titer of virus and suitable MOI were tested according to the expression level of GFP in the 293T cells. Results PCR analysis and DNA sequencing confirmed that three shAPRIL DNA were successfully inserted into the lentiviral vectors. The titers of concentrated virus were 5 × 107, 6 × 107 and 4 × 107(transduction units )TU/ml, respectively, and the suitable MOI was 5. Conclusions Three shRNA lentiviral vectors targeting human APRIL gene have been successfully constructed, which lays a foundation for future studying APRIL's gene silencing in related target cells.