Two isomers of nitrochlorobenzene (o-, and p-NCB) were treated by a Pd/Fe catalyst in aqueous solutions through catalytic amination and dechlorination. Nitrochlorobenzenes are rapidly converted to form chloroanilines (CAN) first through an amination process, and then rapidly dechlorinated to become aniline (AN) and Cl(-), without the involvement of any other intermediate reaction products. The amination and dechlorination reaction are believed to take place predominantly on the surface site of the Pd/Fe catalysts. The dechlorination rate of the reductive degradation of the two isomers of nitrochlorobenzene (o-, and p-NCB) in the presence of Pd/Fe as a catalyst was measured experimentally. In all cases, the reaction rate constants were found to increase with the decrease in the Gibbs free energy (correlation with the activation energy) of NCBs formation; the activation energy of each dechlorination reaction was measured to be 95.83 and 77.05 kJ/mol, respectively for o- and p-NCB. The results demonstrated that p-NCBs were reduced more easily than o-NCBs.
Catalysis ; Industrial Waste ; prevention & control ; Iron ; chemistry ; Isomerism ; Kinetics ; Metals ; chemistry ; Nitrobenzenes ; chemistry ; Palladium ; chemistry ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Waste Disposal, Fluid ; methods ; Water ; chemistry ; Water Purification ; methods

Groundwater remediation by nanoparticles has received increasing interest in recent years. This report presents a thorough evaluation of hexavalent chromium removal in aqueous solutions using iron (Fe(0)) nanoparticles. Cr(VI) is a major pollutant of groundwater. Zero-valent iron, an important natural reductant of Cr(VI), is an option in the remediation of contaminated sites, transforming Cr(VI) to essentially nontoxic Cr(III). At a dose of 0.4 g/L, 100% of Cr(VI) (20 mg/L) was degraded. The Cr(VI) removal efficiency decreased significantly with increasing initial pH. Different Fe(0) type was compared in the same conditions. The reactivity was in the order starch-stabilized Fe(0) nanoparticles>Fe(0) nanoparticles>Fe(0) powder>Fe(0) filings. Electrochemical analysis of the reaction process led to the conclusion that Cr(OH)(3) should be the final product of Cr(VI). Iron nanoparticles are good choice for the remediation of heavy metals in groundwater.
Chromium ; chemistry ; Electrochemistry ; Fresh Water ; chemistry ; Iron ; chemistry ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Nanostructures ; chemistry ; ultrastructure ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ; Starch ; chemistry ; ultrastructure ; Water Pollutants, Chemical

OBJECTIVETo develvp a RP-HPLC method for the determination of flavonoids in fifteen kinds of flowers such as Iris lacteal pall, prunus persica and rosa chinensis.

METHODThe contents of quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamntin in fifteen kinds of flowers were extracted with methanol. The analysis was performed on a Kromasil C18 column (4.6 mm x250 mm, 5 microm) with methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid (50:50) as mobile phase.

RESULTThe quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamntin were separated well, and the result shows that the content of quercetin in the Iris lactea Pall was the highest (1.536%), the contene of kaempferol in Persica persice was the highest (0.572%), and the content of isorhamntin in chrysamthemum morifolium was up to 0.290%.

CONCLUSIONThe contents of flavonoids in these flowers were by determined RP-HPLC for the first time and the method can be used for quantitative determination of flavonoids in the flowers.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Flowers ; chemistry ; Iris Plant ; chemistry ; Kaempferols ; chemistry ; Prunus ; chemistry ; Quercetin ; chemistry ; Rosa ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of specific blockage of mutant p53 gene by individualized antisense RNA in vitro.

METHODSMutation status of p53 in human breast cancer cell lines was determined by immunocytochemical staining, PCR-SSCP and sequencing. Single strand antisense transcription system targeting specific p53 mutation site (mt-p53) was constructed, and corresponding antisense RNA was prepared. The hybridization of antisense RNA with its corresponding mt-p53 gene was confirmed by in-situ hybridization. Human breast cancer cells were transfected with antisense RNA by cationic liposome-mediated method. Time course of effects of antisense RNA was investigated by immunocytochemical staining and cell growth inhibiting assay. Expression of mt-p53 protein was examined by Western blot. Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay and cell cycle distribution was determined by flow cytometry (FCM). Apoptosis was determined by TUNEL assay.

RESULTSMutation of p53 exon 8 was found in MDA-MB-231 cells and antisense transcription system (pGEM3zf (+/-) p53exon8) was then constructed successfully. In transfected MDA-MB-231 cells, hybridization signals were observed in cytoplasm. Fourth-eight hours after transfection, the antisense RNA (ASp53exon8'RNA) had a significant retarding effect on p53 related proliferation inhibition, along with a decrease of p53 protein expression.

CONCLUSIONSASp53exon8'RNA specifically blocks mt-p53 gene expression, resulting in an inhibition of MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation. Such an approach may be used as a therapeutic option against human malignancy.

Apoptosis ; Base Sequence ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Codon ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Plasmids ; RNA, Antisense ; Recombinant Proteins ; metabolism ; Transfection ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo establish the genetic background of exon2, exon13, exon11 and exon15 polymorphisms of RET proto-oncogene and study the possible involvement of RET proto-oncogene in the etiology of Hirschsprung disease (HD) in Chinese Han population surrounding Province HuBei.

METHODSThe genotype and allele frequencies of RET proto-oncogene polymorphisms were identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLPS) in 94 HD patients and 122 control subjects.

RESULTSThe genotype and allele frequencies of exon2 were AA 0.17, AG 0.72, GG 0.11, A 0.53, G 0.47 in control, and AA 0.61, AG 0.35, GG 0.04, A 0.78, G 0.22 in HD, and those of exon13 were GG 0.30, GT 0.52, TT 0.18, G 0.56, T 0.44 in control, and GG 0.49, GT 0.36, TT 0.15, G 0.67, T 0.33 in HD. There were significant differences in the two polymorphisms above between HD and control. The genotype and allele frequencies of exon11 were AA 0.05, AG 0.16, GG 0.79, A 0.13, G 0.87 in control and AA 0.02, AG 0.14, GG 0.84, A 0.09, G 0.91 in HD, the differences were not found between these two groups about this site. Exon15 were all of CC genotype in spite of control or HD.

CONCLUSIONSThese data provide evidences for the contributions of exon2 and exon13 polymorphisms of RET proto-oncogene to susceptibility to HD in Chinese Han population surrounding province.

Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Exons ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Hirschsprung Disease ; ethnology ; genetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo find a simple, fast, accurate, and quantitative PCR-based method for mutation detection, so as to identify mitochondrial DNA 11778 G-->A point mutation in patients with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON).

METHODOn the basis of sequencing of mtDNA from LHON proband, M primer for mutation and N primer for normal were designed to be coupled with reverse primer respectively. Specific PCRs were done on an amplifying condition with high stringency such as a well controlled annealing temperature, low Mg2+ concentration and less thermal cycles. The objective pedigree includes 10 individuals, were against 40 normal control persons.

RESULTSDifferent ratios of indicative mtDNA 11778A-->G mutation were checked out from the proband, affected maternal members and a 10 year-old boy (up to now no appearance yet), whereas not appeared on normal spouses, paternal offsprings in the family, neither did on 40 controls.

CONCLUSIONThis site-specific PCR method is a kind of general mutation analysis way, without the restriction of existence of endonuclease site. It can be applied for the gene diagnosis of known-mutation hereditary diseases such as LHON.

Adult ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Optic Atrophy, Hereditary, Leber ; genetics ; Pedigree ; Point Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods

Methanotrophs can catalyze hydroxylate of methane and some hydrocarbon. Which play an important role in mitigating global warming and have also potential significance for industrial applications or bioremediation. A high activity of hydroxylase, a crucial component in sMMO, from Methylosinus trichosporium IMV 3011 has been purified to homologues by using chromatographic techniques. The molecular weight of the hydroxylase determined by gel filtration is 201.3 kD, and SDS-PAGE showed that hydroxylase consists of three subunits(alpha beta gamma) with molecular weights of 58kD, 36kD and 23kD respectively, drawing a comparison both methods indicated that the hydroxylase is a homodimer with an (alpha beta gamma)2 configuration. Purified hydroxylase has a pI at 5.2 judged by thin layer isoelectric focusing. The purified hydroxylase contains 3.02 mol of iron per mol of protein. The stability pH for the hydroxylase in solution is 5.8-8.0 and the stability temperature is below 35 degrees C. The cells form show a long, bent, and rod-shaped with even surface observed by scanning electron microscopy.
Chemical Phenomena ; Enzyme Stability ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Iron ; metabolism ; Methylosinus trichosporium ; enzymology ; Microscopy, Electron ; Oxygenases ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ; Temperature

OBJECTIVETo observe the relationship between protein sythesis and cardiomyocyte viability in neonatal rats.

METHODSThe protein sythesis in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes was measured according to Brandford's method, the absorbance at 490 nm (A(490 nm)) of the cells was measured with MTT assay and the cell viability evaluated by the ratio of A(490 nm) to the total cell number.

RESULTSET-1 increased cardiomyocyte protein synthesis dose-dependently, and this effect was attenuated by the application of lacidipine and tetramethylpyrazines Higher doses of ET-1 resulted in lower A(490 nm)/total cell number ratio, which was further lowered by larcidipine and tetramethylpyrazine.

CONCLUSIONThe status of protein synthesis is not associated with the viability of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Calcium Channel Blockers ; pharmacology ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Dihydropyridines ; pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endothelin-1 ; pharmacology ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Pyrazines ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between two polymorphisms (Intronic VNTR and 5-HTTLPR) of the serotonin transporter gene and schizophrenia.

METHODSA set of 314 schizophrenic trio samples collected from Shanghai, Xi'an and Jilin regions of China independently was subjected to analysis of the polymorphisms by transmission/disequilibrium test(TDT).

RESULTSNo significantly preferential transmission of any allele was detected from both polymorphisms investigated.

CONCLUSIONThe results suggest that the serotonin transporter gene is unlikely to have a major contribution to susceptibility to schizophrenia in Han Chinese population.

Adult ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Minisatellite Repeats ; genetics ; Nuclear Family ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Schizophrenia ; genetics ; Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the safety of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell (BM-MNCs) transplantation by intracoronary infusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

METHODSOne hundred and eighty-four patients with AMI treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were randomized in a 1:1 way to either intracoronary transplantation of autologous BM-MNCs (n = 92) right after PCI or to sodium chloride concluding heparin (controlled, n = 92) via a micro infusion catheter. In the process of the intracoronary infusion of BM-MNCs, the complications should be recorded, which were aberration reflect (including of pale, syncope, nausea, hypotension and shock), deterioration of angina or heart failure, arrhythmias (including of bradycardia, sinus arrest or atrial ventricular block or ventricular fibrillation), embolism etc. Body temperature, blood pressure and heart rates should be monitored during the first week after transplantation. Holter, coronary angiography and ultrasonic cardiography were performed at the designed time points. Main heart accidents, restenosis and tumor were recorded during 2-years follow up.

RESULTSDuring the period of bone marrow puncture and intracoronary infusion of BM-MNCs, few patients occurred pale, dizziness, bradycardia and hypotension, which were transient and due to vagus reflect. No stem cell-related arrhythmias, deterioration of angina were noted. In BM-MNCs group one patient developed in-stent reocclusion in one week after transplantation, five developed in-stent restenosis during further follow-up 30 months, which were similar with control group. There were no deaths, major adverse cardiac events, tumor and other late adverse events during follow-up period in both groups.

CONCLUSIONIntracoronary transplantation of autologous BM-MNCs in the acute phase after AMI is feasible and seems safe in the 30 months of follow-up.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; methods ; Coronary Vessels ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; surgery ; Transplantation, Autologous