Objective To explore the effect of recovery sleep on the executive function after 36 h of total sleep deprivation by event related potential technology.Methods Thirteen healthy male college students participated in two trials. At the first trial normal sleep as control was investigated. At the second trial participants experienced 36 h of sleep deprivation and then accepted 8 h recovery sleep. In each trial six Go/Nogo tests were employed to test the executive control function and the ERP data were recorded. Results There was no statistical difference in behavior and ERP results at each time point as the subjects had normal sleep. After 36 h of sleep deprivation, the behavior results were statistically significant when compared to the baseline. The amplitude and latency of Nogo-N2, Nogo-P3 on Fz electrode, the amplitude and latency of Nogo-P3 on Cz electrode showed statistical significance when compared to the baseline. After 8 h recovery sleep, the average correct reaction time and the Go correct reaction rate had statistical significance compared to 36 h value. The amplitude of Nogo-N2 and Nogo-P3 had no statistical significance compared to the baseline.However,it was of statistical significance[(-6.80 3.95)vs(-3.37 2.63)μV,(10.63±6.62)vs(5.63±5.45)μV,(9.49±7.37)vs(6.08±6.56)μV] compared to 36 h value. The latency of the recovery value of Nogo-N2 and Nogo-P3 was statistically significant[(254.14±15.55)vs(243.08±13.97)ms(382.14±41.07)vs(349.17±30.36)ms,(369.86±26.48)vs(347.48±29.24)ms]compared to the baseline.Conclusion As the time of sleep deprivation is prolonged, the executive function is impaired and the executive function is not completely recovered after 8 h recovery sleep.

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have the potential of differentiation into alveolar epithelial cells in vitro, but so far no study has indicated that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) can be differentiated into alveolar epithelial cells through long-term Transwell co-culture. OBJECTIVE: To observe whether rat lung epithelial-T-antigen negative cell lines (RLE-6TN) can induce rat ADSCs to differentiate into type II alveolar epithelial cells by long-term Transwell co-culture. METHODS: Three SPF health female Sprague-Dawley rats were used as donors to separate, extract, culture and identity ADSCs. The experimental group was subjected to the Transwell co-culture of ADSCs and RLE-6TN, while the control group was subjected to the culture of ADSCs alone. The morphological changes of ADSCs were observed by the inverted phase contrast microscope at 21 days after co-culture. Immunofluorescence staining using surfactant protein C (SP-C) was performed on the co-cultured ADSCs. The fluorescence staining was observed using the inverted fluorescence microscope. Integral optical density (IOD) analysis was conducted by Image pro plus 6.0 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: RLE-6TN cells were identified by fluorescence staining with stable expression of SP-C protein (red fluorescence) in the experimental group, and there was no red fluorescence in the control group. After 21-day co-culture, the cell shape in the experimental group was transformed from the long spindle shape into oval or polygon shape gradually, while the cell shape in the control group remained fibroblast-like. These results show that RLE-6TN can induce ADSCs to differentiate into type II alveolar epithelial cells after a long-term (21 days) co-culture.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation in repairing ovarian injury in mice sensitized with porcine ovarian proteins.

METHODSWild-type female mice with ICR background (6-8 weeks old) were divided randomly into groups A, B and C (n=12). In groups B and C, the mice were treated with the total protein extract from porcine ovary to induce immunological injury of the ovary, while those in group A received no treatment. MSCs-derived from GFP transgenic mice were transplanted into the mice of group C, and equal volume of PBS was injected intraperitoneally in mice of the other two groups. PCR was used to detect GFP gene in the genomic DNA of the ovaries to assess MSCs homing in the ovary, and the reparative effect of MSCs on ovarian injury was evaluated using HE staining and TUNEL analysis.

RESULTSAfter transplantation, the MSCs could reach the injured ovaries to promote the repair of the ovarian injury, resulting also in reduced apoptosis of the granulosa cells (GCs) in the injured ovaries.

CONCLUSIONMSCs transplantation can promote the recovery of the immunological injury of the ovary in mice, the mechanism of which may involve reduced apoptosis of the GCs.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Female ; Granulosa Cells ; cytology ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Ovarian Diseases ; pathology ; surgery ; Ovary ; cytology ; pathology

BACKGROUND: As an emerging cell therapy, stem cell therapy has gradually attracted the attention of researchers in the field of medicine. The mechanisms of stem cell therapy mainly include differentiation and paracrine mechanisms. In recent years, with the further research, people gradually put attention to paracrine mechanisms, especially after the discovery of the great protective potential of stem cell-derived exosomes which can provide a powerful repair tool for the "acellular" treatment of regenerative medicine. OBJECTIVE: To review the repair, protection and possible biological mechanisms of stem cell-derived exosomes in various disease damage models. METHODS: The literature search was performed in PubMed, CNKI and WanFang databases, and the keywords were "stem cell-derived exosomes, exosome, regenerative medicine" in English and Chinese, respectively. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 41 articles were finally reviewed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Stem cell-derived exosomes show outstanding ability to repair and protect many diseases, such as cardiovascular system, traumatic brain injury, musculoskeletal system, liver damage, renal injury, and so on. Although most studies have yet to report their detailed molecular mechanisms of action, stem cell-derived exosomes are expected to become a new "acellular" approach for the repair and protection of organism damage.

Appressorium is an infection structure of the phytopathogenic fungus Magnaporthe grisea. Analysis of gene expression profiles of appressorium development provides insight into the molecular basis of pathogenicity and control of this fungal plant disease. A cDNA array representing 2927 unique genes based on a large EST (expressed sequence tag) database of M. grisea strain Y34 was constructed and used to profile the gene expression patterns at mycelium and appressorium maturation stages. Compared with mycelia, 55 up-regulated and 22 down-regulated genes were identified in mature appressoria. Among 77 genes, 16 genes showed no similarity to the genome sequences of M. grisea. A novel homologue of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase was found to be expressed at low-level in mature appressoria of M. grisea. The results indicated that the genes such as pyruvate carboxylase, phospholipid metabolism-related protein and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase involved in gluconeogenesis, lipid metabolism and glycolysis, showed differential expression in mature appressoria. Furthermore, genes such as PTH11, beta subunit of G protein and SGT1 involved in cell signalling, were expressed differentially in mature appressoria. Northern blot analysis was used to confirm the cDNA array results.
Cell Proliferation ; Fungal Proteins ; metabolism ; Fungal Structures ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; methods ; Magnaporthe ; metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; methods ; Proteome ; metabolism