Ten glucosyloxybenzyl 2-isobutylmalates and one benzyl alcohol glycoside were isolated from the dry tuber of Pleione bulbocodioides, which is a specie of Orchidaceae family and its dry tuber is one of the main sources of traditional Chinese medicine "shanci-gu", by a combination of various column chromatographic methods, including ODS, macroporous adsorbent resin, Sepheadex LH-20, and preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified on the basis of chemical evidences and spectroscopic analysis asloroglossin (1), grammatophylloside A (2), cronupapine (3), (-)-(2R, 3S)-1-(4-β-D-glucopyranosyloxybenzyl)-4-methyl-2-isobutyltartrate (4), vandateroside II (5), grammatophylloside B (6), bis [4-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy) -benzyl] (S) -2-isopropylmalate (7), gymnoside I (8), militarine (9), dactylorhin A (10), gastrodin (11). Compounds 1-7 were isolated from this genus for the firt time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Malates ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Orchidaceae ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

AIM: To identify the novel nuclear export signal by analyzing the DNA sequences and detecting the cell localization of different adenovirus ElA - associated protein BS69 isoforms. METHODS:BS69 DNA sequences in Emsebl database were blasted and the sequence of amino acids was aligned with the typical nuclear export signal. Different BS69 isoform fragments were cloned into pcDNA3.1 vector and transfected into Cos7 cells. The BS69 localization was observed by immunostaining and the function was verified by Western blotting. RESULTS: A novel nuclear export signal was found in BS69 isoform 2 but not in isoform 1.The isoform 2 was localized in cytoplasm and isoform 1 in nucleus, which was also consistent with the DNA sequence. The isoform 2 was involved in LMP1 - activated JNK phosphorylation whereas the isoform 1 was not. CONCLUSION: Different BS69 isoforms have different cellular localization. BS69 isoform 2 is localized in cytoplasm, interacting with Epstein - Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 and may be involved in nasopharyngeal carcinoma development.However, the isoform 1 is localized in nucleus and plays important roles in transcription.

Fourteen compoumds were isolated from the ethyl acetate portion of the 95% ethanolic extract of Pleione bulbocodioides by a combination of various chromatographic techniques including silica gel, ODS, macroporous adsorbent resin, Sephadex LH-20, and preparative HPLC, of which ten compoumds were phenanthrenes and dihydrophenanthrenes, two compoumds were bibenzyls, one was lignan and a sterol. Their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic data as monbarbatain A(1), 2, 7, 2'-trihy-droxy-4, 4', 7'-trimethoxy-1, 1'- biphenanthrene(2), blestriarene A(3), pleionesin B(4), shanciol H(5), 17-hydroxy-7'-(4'-hy-droxy-3 '-methoxyphenyl)- 4-methoxy-9, 10, 7', 8'-tetrahydrophenanthro[2, 3-b]furan-8'-yl methyl acetate(6), 1-p-hydroxybenzyl-4-methoxy phenanthrene-2, 7-diol(7), 1-p-hydroxybenzyl-4-met-hoxy-9, 10-dihydrophenanthrene-2, 7-diol(8), hircinol(9), coelonin( 10), gigantol(11), batatasin 11 (12), syringaresinol(13) and ergosta4, 6, 8 ( 14) , 22-tetraen-3-one (14). Compounds 1-3, 9, 13 and 14 were isolated from this genus for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Orchidaceae ; chemistry ; Organic Chemicals ; analysis

Objective: To identify Euryales Semen and its closely related species using the ITS2 barcode. Method:The total genomic DNAs were extracted from twenty samples of Euryales Semen and its closely related species. The ITS2 regions of the samples were amplified and bidirectional sequenced. Obtained sequences were submitted to the GenBank with Sequin 12.3. ITS2 sequences of 102 samples belonging to thirty species were downloaded from GenBank. The 122 ITS2 sequences were aligned and the genetic distances were analyzed with MEGA 5.1. Identification analyses were performed using BLAST1 and nearest distance methods, and were presented intuitively by constructing neighbor-joining (NJ) tree. Result: The length of ITS2 region of Euryales Semen was 214 bp, which was only one haplotype. There was significant divergence of the ITS2 regions among the samples. The NJ tree showed that Euryales Semen could be obviously differed from its closely related species, which had good 408 monophyly. Conclusion: ITS2 regions as a DNA barcode can stably and accurately distinguish Euryales Semen from its closely related species and also provide a new technique to ensure clinical safety in utilization of tradi-tional Chinese medicines. The new exploration could broaden the application of DNA barcoding technology in identification of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effective strategies for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) surveillance and identification in rural areas of central China.

METHODSIn a selected rural prefecture area of central China, an epidemiological investigation was conducted for all reported HIV/AIDS cases. A historical and analytic review was performed, with particular interests in examining the HIV epidemic reporting and identification system.

RESULTSAmong all 626 reported HIV-infected individuals in the selected prefecture, 86.1% (539/626) of them were infected through commercial plasma donation or clinically operated blood transfusion. With respect to disease surveillance and identification in the area, 52.2% (327/626) of all the cases were reported by hospitals or clinics. The number and proportion of HIV/AIDS cases identified or reported at county, prefecture, and provincial levels were 207 (33.1%), 303 (48.4%) and 116 (18.5%), respectively. The number and proportion of HIV/AIDS identified through specific epidemiological investigations and/or voluntary testing had been increased in recent years. In addition, among HIV/AIDS cases that were clinically identified, the proportion of those who were identified as outpatients had steadily increased,with the highest proportion (59.3%) observed in 2004.

CONCLUSIONSIn rural areas of central China where the major mode of HIV transmission was through commercial plasma donation or clinically operated blood transfusion, hospitals and clinics seemed to have played and would continue to play important roles regarding HIV identification and surveillance. The role of institutions or settings at the prefecture level regarding HIV identification and surveillance should not be ignored.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; epidemiology ; transmission ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Ambulatory Care ; statistics & numerical data ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Demography ; Female ; Hospitalization ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rural Population ; statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical effects and radiographic outcomes of mini-open trans-spatium intermuscular and percutaneous short-segment pedicle fixation in treating thoracolumbar mono-segmental vertebral fractures without neurological deficits.

METHODSFrom August 2009 and August 2012, 95 patients with thoracolumbar mono-segmental vertebral fractures without neurological deficits were treated with short-segment pedicle fixation through mini-open trans-spatium intermuscular or percutaneous approach. There were 65 males and 30 females, aged from 16 to 60 years old with an average of 42 years. The mini-open trans-spatium intermuscular approach was used in 58 cases (group A) and the percutaneous approach was used in 37 cases (group B). Total incision length, operative time, intraoperative bleeding, fluoroscopy, hospitalization cost were compared between two groups. Visual analog scale (VAS) and radiographic outcomes were compared between two groups.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 12 to 36 months with an average of 19.6 months. No complications such as incision infection, internal fixation loosening and breakage were found. In group A, fluoroscopy time was short and hospitalization cost was lower than that of group B (P<0.05). But the total incision length in group B was smaller than that of group A (P<0.05). There was no significant differences in operative time, intraoperative bleeding, postoperative VAS and radiographic outcomes between two groups (P>0.05). Postoperative VAS and radiographic outcomes were improved than that of preoperative (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe mini-open trans-spatium intermuscular and percutaneous short-segment pedicle fixation have similar clinical effects and radiographic outcomes in treating thoracolumbar mono-segmental vertebral fractures without neurological deficits. However, in this study, the mini-open trans-spatium intermuscular approach has a short learning curve and more advantages in hospitalization cost and intraoperative radiation exposure times, and is recommendable.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Fluoroscopy ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Spinal Fractures ; surgery ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery ; Visual Analog Scale

BACKGROUNDPosterior pedicle screw device is widely used in treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures. As the clinical operation is not based upon quantitative data of adjustments, the results are not optimal. At present, no study has assessed the associations between the device adjustments and the restoration of stiffness. We investigated the biomechanical effects that adjustments of a pedicle screw device had on the burst fracture, and explored an optimal adjustment.

METHODSBurst fractures were produced at L1 vertebra in 24 fresh calf spines (T12-L3). The specimens were divided into four groups at random. Pedicle screw devices were attached to T13 and L2. Four device adjustments, consisting of distraction and extension, were applied. Adjustment 1 was pure 6° extension, adjustment 2 was pure 5 mm distraction, adjustment 3 was 6° extension followed by 5 mm distraction, and adjustment 4 was 5 mm distraction followed by 6° extension. The effect of each adjustment on the stiffness restoration, anatomical reduction, and neural decompression for the burst fractures was analyzed and evaluated.

RESULTSPure extension (Group 1) produced the closest segment height and the least restoration of the canal to the intact. Pure distraction (Group 2) restored stiffness most, but with only 60% stiffness of the intact value, and lost the segmental angle most to the intact. The combination of extension-distraction (Group 3 and Group 4) produced the maximum reduction of the anatomy and restoration of the canal in the burst fracture, and the least stiffness restoration. The sequence of extension and distraction did not affect stiffness restoration, anatomical reduction, and neural decompression.

CONCLUSIONSThe device adjustments affected stiffness restoration, anatomical reduction, and neural decompression. The combined extension-distraction adjustment may be the most suitable considering the anatomical reduction and neural decompression, but the stiffness decreased the most; it should be considered to reconstruct L1 vertebra.

Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cattle ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; instrumentation ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Spinal Fractures ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo provide better laboratory protection material in virology lab to prevent laboratory accident infection.

METHODSThe four kinds of ionic polypropylene fibers were constructed and interact with recombinant adenovirus expressing GFP. Both the GFP expression and hexon gene expression of recombiant adenovirus were used to evaluate absorb ability of fibers.

RESULTSBoth the amphoteric and iron ionic polypropylene fibers have certain adsorption or inactivated ability to virus in 5 min, the other two fibers decreased the growth within 20 min.

CONCLUSIONBoth the amphoteric and iron ionic polypropylene fibers can be used as laboratory protection material in virology lab.

Adsorption ; Molecular Structure ; Polypropylenes ; chemistry ; Surface-Active Agents ; chemistry ; Viruses

OBJECTIVETo study the active constituents of Dendrobium aphyllum.

METHODVarious chromatographic techniques were used to isolate and purify the constituents, their physico-chemical properties and spectral data are determinated to elucidate the structure.

RESULTEight compounds were isolated and identified as: 4'-methoxyl-tricin (1), tricin (2), 7, 3', 5'-tri-O-methyl-tricetin (3), syringic acid (4), ( + )-syring-aresinol (5), D-allitol (6), sucrose (7), icariside D2 (8).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1-3, 6-8 were isolated from genus Dendrobium for the first time, additionally, the others were obtained firstly from the plant.

Dendrobium ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Furans ; chemistry ; Gallic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; Lignans ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Sucrose ; chemistry ; Sugar Alcohols ; chemistry