Ten glucosyloxybenzyl 2-isobutylmalates and one benzyl alcohol glycoside were isolated from the dry tuber of Pleione bulbocodioides, which is a specie of Orchidaceae family and its dry tuber is one of the main sources of traditional Chinese medicine "shanci-gu", by a combination of various column chromatographic methods, including ODS, macroporous adsorbent resin, Sepheadex LH-20, and preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified on the basis of chemical evidences and spectroscopic analysis asloroglossin (1), grammatophylloside A (2), cronupapine (3), (-)-(2R, 3S)-1-(4-β-D-glucopyranosyloxybenzyl)-4-methyl-2-isobutyltartrate (4), vandateroside II (5), grammatophylloside B (6), bis [4-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy) -benzyl] (S) -2-isopropylmalate (7), gymnoside I (8), militarine (9), dactylorhin A (10), gastrodin (11). Compounds 1-7 were isolated from this genus for the firt time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Malates ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Orchidaceae ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

AIM: To identify the novel nuclear export signal by analyzing the DNA sequences and detecting the cell localization of different adenovirus ElA - associated protein BS69 isoforms. METHODS:BS69 DNA sequences in Emsebl database were blasted and the sequence of amino acids was aligned with the typical nuclear export signal. Different BS69 isoform fragments were cloned into pcDNA3.1 vector and transfected into Cos7 cells. The BS69 localization was observed by immunostaining and the function was verified by Western blotting. RESULTS: A novel nuclear export signal was found in BS69 isoform 2 but not in isoform 1.The isoform 2 was localized in cytoplasm and isoform 1 in nucleus, which was also consistent with the DNA sequence. The isoform 2 was involved in LMP1 - activated JNK phosphorylation whereas the isoform 1 was not. CONCLUSION: Different BS69 isoforms have different cellular localization. BS69 isoform 2 is localized in cytoplasm, interacting with Epstein - Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 and may be involved in nasopharyngeal carcinoma development.However, the isoform 1 is localized in nucleus and plays important roles in transcription.

Fourteen compoumds were isolated from the ethyl acetate portion of the 95% ethanolic extract of Pleione bulbocodioides by a combination of various chromatographic techniques including silica gel, ODS, macroporous adsorbent resin, Sephadex LH-20, and preparative HPLC, of which ten compoumds were phenanthrenes and dihydrophenanthrenes, two compoumds were bibenzyls, one was lignan and a sterol. Their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic data as monbarbatain A(1), 2, 7, 2'-trihy-droxy-4, 4', 7'-trimethoxy-1, 1'- biphenanthrene(2), blestriarene A(3), pleionesin B(4), shanciol H(5), 17-hydroxy-7'-(4'-hy-droxy-3 '-methoxyphenyl)- 4-methoxy-9, 10, 7', 8'-tetrahydrophenanthro[2, 3-b]furan-8'-yl methyl acetate(6), 1-p-hydroxybenzyl-4-methoxy phenanthrene-2, 7-diol(7), 1-p-hydroxybenzyl-4-met-hoxy-9, 10-dihydrophenanthrene-2, 7-diol(8), hircinol(9), coelonin( 10), gigantol(11), batatasin 11 (12), syringaresinol(13) and ergosta4, 6, 8 ( 14) , 22-tetraen-3-one (14). Compounds 1-3, 9, 13 and 14 were isolated from this genus for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Orchidaceae ; chemistry ; Organic Chemicals ; analysis

Objective To understand the experience and coping styles of college students with pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods By purposive sampling method,15 tuberculosis college students were selected to do an indepth interview in Xi' an city.The data were analyzed by the thematic framework.Results The experience of students with pulmonary tuberculosis included self-stigma,other students keep them at a distance,being shunned by neighbours and being treated differently by some policise.And the coping styles of them included self-isolation,concealing the disease,not satisfied with the policy and rationalization.Conclusions Health education about pulmonary tuberculosis should be strengthen,and more care should be paid on the pulmonary tuberculosis college students.We should try to make a good learning,living and treatment environment for them so as to promote them to cope tuberculosis more scientifically.

Objective: To identify Euryales Semen and its closely related species using the ITS2 barcode. Method:The total genomic DNAs were extracted from twenty samples of Euryales Semen and its closely related species. The ITS2 regions of the samples were amplified and bidirectional sequenced. Obtained sequences were submitted to the GenBank with Sequin 12.3. ITS2 sequences of 102 samples belonging to thirty species were downloaded from GenBank. The 122 ITS2 sequences were aligned and the genetic distances were analyzed with MEGA 5.1. Identification analyses were performed using BLAST1 and nearest distance methods, and were presented intuitively by constructing neighbor-joining (NJ) tree. Result: The length of ITS2 region of Euryales Semen was 214 bp, which was only one haplotype. There was significant divergence of the ITS2 regions among the samples. The NJ tree showed that Euryales Semen could be obviously differed from its closely related species, which had good 408 monophyly. Conclusion: ITS2 regions as a DNA barcode can stably and accurately distinguish Euryales Semen from its closely related species and also provide a new technique to ensure clinical safety in utilization of tradi-tional Chinese medicines. The new exploration could broaden the application of DNA barcoding technology in identification of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effective strategies for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) surveillance and identification in rural areas of central China.

METHODSIn a selected rural prefecture area of central China, an epidemiological investigation was conducted for all reported HIV/AIDS cases. A historical and analytic review was performed, with particular interests in examining the HIV epidemic reporting and identification system.

RESULTSAmong all 626 reported HIV-infected individuals in the selected prefecture, 86.1% (539/626) of them were infected through commercial plasma donation or clinically operated blood transfusion. With respect to disease surveillance and identification in the area, 52.2% (327/626) of all the cases were reported by hospitals or clinics. The number and proportion of HIV/AIDS cases identified or reported at county, prefecture, and provincial levels were 207 (33.1%), 303 (48.4%) and 116 (18.5%), respectively. The number and proportion of HIV/AIDS identified through specific epidemiological investigations and/or voluntary testing had been increased in recent years. In addition, among HIV/AIDS cases that were clinically identified, the proportion of those who were identified as outpatients had steadily increased,with the highest proportion (59.3%) observed in 2004.

CONCLUSIONSIn rural areas of central China where the major mode of HIV transmission was through commercial plasma donation or clinically operated blood transfusion, hospitals and clinics seemed to have played and would continue to play important roles regarding HIV identification and surveillance. The role of institutions or settings at the prefecture level regarding HIV identification and surveillance should not be ignored.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; epidemiology ; transmission ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Ambulatory Care ; statistics & numerical data ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Demography ; Female ; Hospitalization ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rural Population ; statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult

The psbA-trnH regions of Dendrobium species of Fengdous were sequenced by our research group. The psbA-trnH sequences of fifteen Dendrobium species were analyzed with software MEGA 4.0. The results showed that the lengths of sequences varied from 721 to 767 bp. The variable sites were 42 while the informative sites were 11. Genetic distances were calculated using the Kimura 2-parameter model. Genetic distances varied from 0.0013-0.0183 among fifteen species while the average genetic distance was 0.0148. The interspecies differences of psbA-trnH regions were demonstrated. Six indels happened in this fragment, which led to the great difference of sequence lengths among fifteen species. We found that there were no population differences in the psbA-trnH region of various species of Fengdous so far. By using the database of various Dendrobium species of Fengdous and two genetics software, the botanical origin of the inspected species of Fengdous was authenticated successfully by sequencing the psbA-trnH regions. The psbA-trnH region of cpDNA can be used as a candidate marker for authentication of Dendrobium species of Fengdous.
Base Sequence ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; methods ; DNA, Chloroplast ; genetics ; DNA, Intergenic ; DNA, Ribosomal ; genetics ; Dendrobium ; classification ; genetics ; Genetic Variation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Plants, Medicinal ; classification ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between electrocardiographic (ECG) and genetic mutations of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and early ECG changes in HCM patients.

METHODSClinical, 12-lead ECG and echocardiographic examination as well as genetic examinations were made in a three-generation Chinses HCM pedigree with 8 family members (4 males). The clinical characterization and ECG parameters were analyzed and their relationship with genotypes in the family was explored.

RESULTSFour missense mutations (MYH7-H1717Q, MYLK2-K324E, KCNQ1-R190W, TMEM70-I147T) were detected in this pedigree. The proband carried all 4 mutations and 5 members carried 2 mutations. Corrected QTc interval of KCNQ1-H1717Q carriers was significantly prolonged and was consistent with the ECG characterization of long QT syndrome. MYLK2-K324E and KCNQ1-R190W carriers presented with Q wave and(or) depressed ST segment, as well as flatted or reversed T waves in leads from anterolateral and inferior ventricular walls. ECG results showed ST segment depression, flat and inverted T wave in the gene mutation carriers with normal echocardiographic examination results. ECG and echocardiographic results were normal in TMEM70-I147T mutation carrier.

CONCLUSIONSThe combined mutations of the genes associated with cardiac ion channels and HCM are linked with the ECG phenotype changes in this HCM pedigree. The variations in ECG parameters due to the genetic mutation appear earlier than the echocardiography and clinical manifestations. Variation in ECG may become one of the indexes for early diagnostic screening and disease progression of the HCM gene mutation carriers.

Brugada Syndrome ; Cardiac Conduction System Disease ; Cardiac Myosins ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Exons ; Genetic Testing ; Genotype ; Humans ; KCNQ1 Potassium Channel ; Long QT Syndrome ; Mutation ; Mutation, Missense ; Myosin Heavy Chains ; Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase ; Pedigree ; Phenotype

BACKGROUNDPosterior pedicle screw device is widely used in treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures. As the clinical operation is not based upon quantitative data of adjustments, the results are not optimal. At present, no study has assessed the associations between the device adjustments and the restoration of stiffness. We investigated the biomechanical effects that adjustments of a pedicle screw device had on the burst fracture, and explored an optimal adjustment.

METHODSBurst fractures were produced at L1 vertebra in 24 fresh calf spines (T12-L3). The specimens were divided into four groups at random. Pedicle screw devices were attached to T13 and L2. Four device adjustments, consisting of distraction and extension, were applied. Adjustment 1 was pure 6° extension, adjustment 2 was pure 5 mm distraction, adjustment 3 was 6° extension followed by 5 mm distraction, and adjustment 4 was 5 mm distraction followed by 6° extension. The effect of each adjustment on the stiffness restoration, anatomical reduction, and neural decompression for the burst fractures was analyzed and evaluated.

RESULTSPure extension (Group 1) produced the closest segment height and the least restoration of the canal to the intact. Pure distraction (Group 2) restored stiffness most, but with only 60% stiffness of the intact value, and lost the segmental angle most to the intact. The combination of extension-distraction (Group 3 and Group 4) produced the maximum reduction of the anatomy and restoration of the canal in the burst fracture, and the least stiffness restoration. The sequence of extension and distraction did not affect stiffness restoration, anatomical reduction, and neural decompression.

CONCLUSIONSThe device adjustments affected stiffness restoration, anatomical reduction, and neural decompression. The combined extension-distraction adjustment may be the most suitable considering the anatomical reduction and neural decompression, but the stiffness decreased the most; it should be considered to reconstruct L1 vertebra.

Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cattle ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; instrumentation ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Spinal Fractures ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery