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Objective To explore the value of carbon nanoparticles in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) undergoing total thyroidectomy combined with ipsilateral central lymph node dissection.Methods 43 patients with unilateral PTC were retrospectively analyzed.All patients underwent total thyroidectomy combined with central lymph node dissection.Patients were divided into carbon nanoparticles group and the control group according to whether carbon nanoparticles were used in the operation.The operation time,postoperative hospitalization time,the serum calcium level and its rate of change,the parathyroid hormone and its rate of change on the 1 st day after surgery,the number of central lymph node and the transfer rate,and the postoperative complications were compared between the 2 groups.Results There was no statistical difference between the 2 groups in operation time(P ＞ 0.05),while the postoperative hospitalization time of the carbon nanoparticles group was shorter than that of the control group(P ＜ 0.05).The serum calcium and the parathyroid hormone on the 1 st day after surgery in the carbon nanoparticles group was (2.31 ± 0.13) mmol/L and (33.45 ± 14.37) pg/ml respectively,higher than those of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The low blood calcium rate (3/20 (15％)),the temporary hypoparathyroidism rate (2/20 (10％)) and the decline degree of parathyroid hormone (47.3 ± 14.31)％ in the carbon nanoparticles group were lower than those of the control group(P ＜0.05).The number of central lymph node dissected (9.45 ± 2.33) pieces/case in the carbon nanoparticles group was more than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The number of lymph node in the right recurrent laryngeal nerve (3.12 ± 0.65) pieces/case was more than that of the control group(P ＜ 0.05).The lymph node metastasis rate had no significant difference between the 2 groups(P ＞ 0.05).The incidence of postoperative complications in the carbon nanoparticles group was lower than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The application of carbon nanoparticles in total thyroidectomy combined with central lymph node dissection can contribute to the recognition and protection of parathyroid glands and its blood supply,improve the rate of central lymph node dissection,and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications.

Objective To review the diagnosis,monitoring,management and perinatal outcomes of monochorionic monoamniotic (MCMA) twin pregnancy.Methods From July 2010 to August 2013,there were 17 MCMA twin pregnancies diagnosed and delivered in Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital.According to the MCMA management protocol,induced abortion,elective fetal reduction,and anticipant pregnancy were optional.For those anticipant pregnancies,fetal lung underwent maturation promotion at gestational weeks 28; hospitalization with 40 min/day continual fetal electronic monitoring and umbilical blood monitoring twice weekly at gestational weeks 28-30; 40 min continual fetal electronic monitoring twice daily and umbilical blood monitoring once every other day at gestational weeks 30-32; and 40 min continual fetal electronic monitoring three times daily and umbilical blood monitoring once daily at gestational weeks 32-34; and pregnancy ended on time.The presence of umbilical cord entanglement,congenital malformation,intrauterine fetal death,complications exclusive to monochorionic twins (e.g.selective fetal growth restriction,twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence and twin-twin transfusion syndrome) and the perinatal outcomes were retrospectively analyzed.Results Average maternal age of women with 17 MCMA twins was (29.0±2.7) years,and all were primiparas.They were diagnosed at (18.6± 5.5) weeks on average (11 +5-28+1 weeks).Umbilical cord entanglements were detected in all cases by ultrasonography and confirmed postnatally.There were three cases of complications specific to monochorionic twins,including two with selective fetal growth restriction and one with twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence.There were seven women with fetal congenital malformation; four of whom chose induced abortion; one case of anencephaly chose radiofrequency ablation fetal reduction,and the remaining two cases with congenital malformation and ten cases without chose anticipant pregnancy,and there were no abnormal ultrasonography signs during pregnancy.Among these 12 cases,intrauterine fetal death of both fetuses occurred in two cases at 16 and 21+1 weeks gestation and they were aborted.Intrauterine fetal death of a single fetus occurred in one case at 30+2 weeks gestation (another fetus was delivered by emergency cesarean section).There were a total of eleven live births delivered by cesarean section (four by emergency cesarean section) at a median gestational age of (32.7± 1.6) weeks.There were 20 live neonates with a mean birth weight of (1 850±496) g.Sixteen neonates were transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit and hospitalized for (37.9± 16.4) days.Nine neonates suffered from respiratory distress syndrome but were eventually cured.Conclusions MCMA twin pregnancy has high morbidity and mortality.Early ultrasonography helps to clarify the diagnosis and enhance the monitoring,thus improving the perinatal outcomes.

Objective To explore prevention and cure effects of the freeze-dried human fibrin glue as the way of the lacrimal duct embolization on xerophthalmia in perimenopausal female rabbit.Methods A total of 72 female rabbits,after anti infection treatment and were cut off third eyelid,were made into perimenopausal xerophthalmia rabbit models.After surgery,all of these rabbits were randomly divided into 6 groups (12 rabbits per group):No treatment group after surgery (group A),PBS prevention group (group B),freeze-dried human fibrin prevention group (group C);no treatment group after modeling (modeling time:Two weeks after surgery,group D),PBS treatment group (group E),freeze-dried human fibrin treatmentgroup (group F).The Schirmer test (SIT),corneal fluorescein (FL) and corneal confocal microscope were performed before and 2 weeks,4 weeks,6 weeks after injection.Results There were statistical differences in FL score and SIT in group A,group B and group C among different time points (F =27.346,10.608;P =0.000,0.001);There were statistical differences between FL scores and SIT among three groups (F =7.579,6.786;P =0.002,0.007);There was significant difference in FL scores and SIT trends among three groups(F =44.897,3.424;P =0.000,0.045).The FL score and SIT of group D,group E and group F were significantly improved after treatment for 2 weeks,4 weeks and 6 weeks,the differences were statistically significant (t =2.906,3.654,4.504;P =0.022,0.017,0.013.t =4.573,5.759,7.231;P =0.032,0.019,0.008);The difference between FL score and SIT in group E and group F was statistically significant after treatment (t =2.776,4.124,5.324;P =0.032,0.026,0.017.t =1.969,3.122,4.324;P =0.038,0.023,0.009).After injection of 6 weeks,the epithelial basal cells (F =17.306,P =0.002) and inflammatory cells (F =34.024,P =0.000) of group A,B and C were significant changed,the differences were statistically significant.After injection of 6 weeks,the epithelial basal cells (F =3.749,P =0.042)and inflarnmatory cells(F=8.806,P =0.005) of group D,E and F were significant changed,the differences were also statistically significant.Conclusion Lacrimal duct embolization with freeze-dried human fibrin glue is effective for the xerophthalmia.

The chemical constituents of 95% ethanol extract of Melastoma dodecandrum were isolated and purified by chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and HPLC, to obtain thirteen compounds eventually. On the basis of their physico-chemical properties and spectroscopic data, these compounds were identified as quercetin (1), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), quercetin-3-O-(6"-O-p-coumaroyl) -β-D-glucopyranoside (3), kaempferol (4), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), kaempferol-3-O- [2",6"-di-O-(E)-coumaroyl]-β-D-glucopyra-noside (6), luteolin (7), luteolin-7-O-(6"-p-coumaroyl) -β-D-glucopyranoside (8), apigenin (9), apigenin-7-(6"-acetyl-glucopyranoside) (10) , naringenin (11), isovitexin (12), and epicatechin-[8,7-e] -4β-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dyhydroxyl-2(3H)-pyranone (13). Eight compounds(3,5,6,8-11 and 13) were obtained from M. dodecandrum for the first time.
Apigenin ; analysis ; Chromatography ; methods ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Dextrans ; Flavanones ; analysis ; Flavonoids ; analysis ; chemistry ; Glycosides ; analysis ; chemistry ; Kaempferols ; analysis ; Luteolin ; analysis ; Magnoliopsida ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quercetin ; analysis ; Silica Gel

OBJECTIVETo investigate the female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in type 2 diabetes patients, by comparing the sexual function between type 2 diabetic women and non-diabetic women with Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI).

METHODS115 type 2 diabetic women and 107 age-matched non-diabetes women were enrolled with similar backgrounds. Their sexual functions were evaluated with FSFI. Metabolic parameters such as body mass index, blood lipid profile, hemoglobin A1C, plasma glucose were also collected.

RESULTSTotal score of FSFI of the type 2 diabetic women were significantly lower than that of the non-diabetic controls (18.27±8.96 vs. 23.02±5.78, P=0.000). Scores of the FSFI domains (desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, pain) of the type 2 diabetic group were also lower than those of the control group. According to the FSD criterion (FSFI<25) available in China, the percentage of FSD in the type 2 diabetic group was significantly higher than that of the control group (79.2%vs. 55.0%, P<0.001). These trends seemed more prominent in pre-menopause subgroups. The logistic regression analysis indicated that age and diabetes were independent risk factors of FSD. Body Mass Index (BMI) also had influence in the diabetes group.

CONCLUSIONFindings from this study showed that there are more FDS in Chinese type 2 diabetic women than in their non-diabetic counterparts, especially in pre-menopause participants.

Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological ; etiology

OBJECTIVETo observe the dynamic changes of oral microflora early colonized in infants.

METHODSThe oral swab samples for the study were taken in 1 day, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 months after birth from 12 healthy neonates. By choosing suitable diluted concentration, the samples were incubated aerobically, facultative anaerobically and anaerobically. The strains were identified by observing colony characteristics, Gram staining and biochemical tests.

RESULTSS. salivarius was the most frequent microflora, followed by S. mitis, S. sanguis, S. gordonii and S. mutans occurred in oral cavity after tooth eruption. Veillonella spp. can be detected in oral cavity of 1-month-old babies, A. odontolyticus was isolated from 8.3% infants of more than 3 months old. L. acidophilus maintained the lower prevalence in oral cavity of babies. Leptotrichia buccalis and Capnocytophaga spp. occurred in oral cavity of some dentate infants.

CONCLUSIONS. solivarius and S. mitis are predominant species in oral cavity of the infants, Veillonella spp. is the first and the most anaerobic species appeared in oral cavity of healthy babies. A. odontolyticus is the first actinomyces detected in oral cavity. With the increasing months, kind and amount of microflora increase dramatically.

Actinomyces ; isolation & purification ; Colony Count, Microbial ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Mouth ; microbiology ; Mouth Mucosa ; microbiology ; Saliva ; microbiology ; Streptococcus ; classification ; isolation & purification ; Streptococcus mitis ; isolation & purification ; Streptococcus mutans ; isolation & purification ; Streptococcus sanguis ; isolation & purification ; Veillonella ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo study the alkaloids of Macleaya cordata and their anti-tumor activities.

METHODAlcohol and liquid-liquid extraction were used methods were used to extract the alkaloids constituents, and silica gel, reverse-phase octadecylsilyl (ODS), sephadex LH-20 chromatographic methods and HPLC were applied to isolate and purify compounds. MS, NMR spectroscopic methods were used to determine their structures. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of these chemical components for MCF-7 and SF-268 cell lines was measured by MTT method.

RESULTTwelve alkaloids were isolated from the fruits of M. cordata, and their structures were identified as: maclekarpine E (1), 6-acetonyldihyrochelerythrine (2), cavidilinine (3), 6-acetonyldihyrosanguinnarine (4), O-methylzanthoxyline (5), 6-methoxy-dihydrosanguinarine (6), spallidamine (7), 6-hydroxyldihydrochelerythrine (8), arnotianamida (9), dihydrosanguinarine (10), protopine (11), and cryptopine (12).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1, 3, 7-9 were isolated from M. cordata for the first time, and compound 5 is a new natural product. The results of cytotoxic assay indicated that compound 6 showed strong cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and SF-268 cell lines with IC50 values of 0.61 μmol · L(-1) and 0.54 μmol · L(-1), respectively.

Alkaloids ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; isolation & purification ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Papaveraceae ; chemistry

Antiviral Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; complications ; drug therapy ; psychology ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Mental Disorders ; complications ; Middle Aged

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVERecent studies proved that P21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) is highly expressed in many kinds of tumor and plays an important role in genesis, development, and metastasis of tumor. We aimed to detect the expression of PAK1 in gastric carcinoma and to analyze its relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis of gastric carcinoma.

METHODSTissue microarray and immunohistochemical staining were performed to detect PAK1 in paraffin specimens of 189 gastric carcinomas, 54 paracancer tissues, 40 lymph nodes and 30 healthy tissues. Clinicopathologic features and follow-up data of the patients were analyzed by the Chi2 test and the Kaplan-Meier method.

RESULTSPositive rate of PAK1 was 73.0% in gastric carcinoma, 57.4% in paracancer tissues and 23.3% in healthy controls (Chi2 = 29.364, P < 0.05). Expression of PAK1 was significantly correlated with tumor size, tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, Lauren classification and invasive depth (all P < 0.05). The positive rate of PAK1 was significantly higher in primary gastric carcinomas than in metastatic lymph nodes (75.0% vs. 52.5%, Chi2 = 4.381, P < 0.05). Survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier method showed that the expression of PAK1 was a predictor for poor prognosis of the patients with gastric carcinoma (Chi2 = 6.857, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSExpression of PAK1 is an early molecular event in the tumorigenesis of gastric carcinoma. It is also closely correlated the development of gastric carcinoma and the patients' prognosis.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Survival Rate ; Tumor Burden ; p21-Activated Kinases ; metabolism