Objective:To detect the expression levels of neuropilin1 (NRP1)mRNA and miR-9 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)tissue samples, and to explore the correlations between the expressions of NRP1 mRNA, miR-9 and the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients with NSCLC.Methods:Informed consent was obtained from each patient before surgery.The tissue samples including 45 NSCLC tissue ,45 adjacent carcinoma tissue and 45 normal lung tissue were collected from China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University from 2010 to 2011.qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression levels of NRP1 mRNA and miR-9 in three kinds of lung tissue, and the correlation between the expressions of NRP1 mRNA, miR-9 and clinicopathological characteristics of the patients with NSCLC was analyzed.Results:Compared with normal tissue,the expression level of NRP1 mRNA in adjacent carcinoma tissue had no change (P>0.05),but the expression level of NRP1 mRNA in non-small cell lung cancer tissue was significantly decreased (P<0.05).Compared with normal tissue,the expression level of miR-9 in adjacent carcinoma tissue had no change (P>0.05),but the expression level of miR-9 in non-small cell lung cancer tissue was significantly increased (P < 0.05 ). Furthermore, in adjacent carcinoma tissue, the expression level of miR-9 in the males was lower than that in the females (P<0.05 ). In NSCLC tissue, the expression level of NRP1 mRNA had no relationship with sex,age,differentiation degree,TNM stage and clinical stage,but was significantly correlated to the histological subtype and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05).In NSCLC tissue,the expression level of miR-9 had no relationship with age, pathological type, lymph node metastasis, differentiation degree,TNM stage,and clinical stage (P>0.05),but was correlated to the sex (P<0.05). Conclusion:The expression level of miR-9 is up-regulated and the expression level of NRP1 mRNA is down-regulated significantly in non-small cell lung cancer tissue. The detection of the expression level of NRP1 mRNA contributes to j udge the histological subtype and lymph node metastasis of NSCLC.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expressions of CD4+ CD25(high) regulatory T cells, TGF-beta 1 and COX-2 in the peripheral blood of prostate cancer (PCa) patients, and analyze the role of CD4+ CD25(high) regulatory T cells in the pathogenesis of PCa and their relationship with TGF-beta 1 and COX-2.

METHODSWe used flow cytometry to calculate the percentage of CD4+ CD25(high) regulatory T cells in the CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 30 PCa patients (11 localized and 19 non-localized cases) and 20 healthy volunteer controls, determined the expressions of TGF-beta 1 and COX-2 in the serum by ELISA, and analyzed their correlation with the CD4+ CD25(high) regulatory T cells in the PCa patients as well as the differences between the localized and non- localized cases.

RESULTSCD4+ CD25(high) regulatory T cells accounted for (18.32 +/- 7.49) % in the CD4+ T cells in PBMCs from the PCa patients, significantly higher than (7.77 +/- 1.86) % from the controls (P < 0.05), but with no statistically significant difference between pre- and post-treatment in the PCa patients (P > 0.05). The expressions of TGF-beta 1 and COX-2 in the peripheral blood were (215.97 +/- 55.16) ng/ml and (6.88 +/- 5.14) ng/ml in the PCa patients, in comparison with (149.75 +/- 47.11) ng/ml (P < 0.05) and (6.88 +/- 5.14) ng/ml (P > 0.05) in the controls. Multiple linear regression analysis showed no significant correlation between the expression of CD4+ CD25(high) regulatory T cells in PBMCs and those of TGF-beta 1 and COX-2 in the peripheral blood of the PCa patients. There were no significant differences between the localized and non-localized PCa groups in the expressions of CD4+ CD25(high) regulatory T cells, TGF-beta 1 and COX-2 (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONCD4+ CD25(high) regulatory T cells in in PBMCs are involved in the pathogenesis of PCa. The proliferation of CD4+ CD25(high) regulatory T cells is not significantly correlated to the expressions of TGF-beta 1 and COX-2 in the peripheral blood, but maybe to the tumor itself and the local tumor microenvironment.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Case-Control Studies ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; blood ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; blood ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; blood

OBJECTIVETo discuss the problem difficult to be presented for nerves and blood vessels in the 3D reconstruction of acupoints through studying 3D reconstruction of Jianliao (TE 14).

METHODSMuscles and other tissues were segmented by applying cointeractive segmentation method based on chromatic characteristic space; the nerve and blood vessels can be reconstructed by establishing mathematics model, and the needle-inserting animation of Jianliao (TE 14) could be obtained by running script file.

RESULTSDuring the course of 3D needle-inserting animation of Jianliao (TE 14), the spatial location between all kinds of tissues including the nerve and blood vessels and the needle body could be systematically observed.

CONCLUSIONThe difficulty of presenting the nerve and blood vessels in the study on 3D reconstruction of acupoints can be resolved by establishing mathematics model. The generation of 3D animation for acupoints with the nerve and blood vessels is benefit to acupuncture teaching and study on the essence of acupoints and channels.

Acupuncture Points ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Muscles ; anatomy & histology ; Nervous System ; anatomy & histology

ObjectiveTo explore the structural characteristics and functional differences of intestinal flora in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） of dampness heat trapping spleen（DHTS） syndrome and Qi-Yin deficiency（QYD） syndrome. MethodFrom June 2018 to January 2020，62 T2DM patients with DHTS syndrome and 60 with QYD syndrome were selected from Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine. Serum and fecal samples were collected to compare body mass index（BMI），glucose and lipid metabolism，fasting insulin （FINS） and fasting C-peptide （FCP） levels，and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance（HOMA-IR） of the two syndrome types. Fecal samples were extracted for DNA database construction，and 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze and compare the intestinal flora and metabolic pathways. Result① The BMI，fasting plasma glucose（FPG），2-hour postprandial blood glucose （2 h PBG），total cholesterol（TC），triglyceride（TG），low density lipoprotein（LDL），FINS，FCP，and HOMA-IR were higher in patients with DHTS syndrome than in patients with QYD syndrome，and the high density lipoprotein（HDL） of the former was lower than that of the latter，（P<0.05，P<0.01）. ② In terms of species composition and differences，Bacteroidetes， Clostridia and Gammaproteobacteria were dominant at the class level，and the relative abundance of Clostridia，Mollicutes and Verrucomicrobiae in QYD syndrome group was higher than that in DHTS syndrome group. At the order level，Bacteroidales，Clostridiales and Enterobacteriales were mainly found. The relative abundance of Clostridiales，Erysipelotrichales and Verrucomicrobiales in QYD syndrome group was obviously higher than that in DHTS syndrome group，while Aeromonadales in the former was lower than that in the latter （P<0.05）. At the family level，Bacteroidaceae，Prevotellaceae and Ruminococcaceae were predominant. The relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae，Porphyromonadaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae in QYD syndrome group was higher than that in DHTS syndrome group（P<0.05）. At the genus level，Bacteroides，Prevotella and Parabacteroides were mainly found. The relative abundance of Parabacteroides，Butyrivibrio and Ruminiclostridium in QYD syndrome group was higher than that in DHTS syndrome group，while that of Klebsiella and Megasphaera in DHTS syndrome group was higher than that in QYD syndrome group（P<0.05）. ③ Through Venn analysis of operational taxonomic units（OTU），it was found that there were 49 OTUs in patients with DHTS syndrome patients and 47 OTUs in QYD syndrome patients. ④ The results of OTU β diversity and α analysis showed that Shannon and Simpson indexes had statistical differences，while Ace and Chao indexes had no statistical differences. The intestinal microbial diversity of patients with QYD syndrome was higher than that of patients with DHTS syndrome（P<0.05）. The analysis of similarities （ANOSIM） showed that the difference of β diversity between the two groups was significant（P<0.05）. ⑤ Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size（LEfSe） results demonstrated that Klebsiella，Megasphaera and Aeromonadales could be selected as the key biomarkers for DHTS syndrome； 14 bacteria such as Ruminiclostridium，Burkholderiaceae，Lautropia，Butyrivibrio，Erysipelotrichales can be selected as the key biomarkers for QYD syndrome. ⑥Functional annotation and analysis showed that the DHTS syndrome involved 9 metabolic pathways，including arginine and proline metabolism，lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis，nicotinic acid and nicotinamide metabolism，while the QYD syndrome involved 10 metabolic pathways，including acarbose and valinomycin biosynthesis，glucagon signaling pathway and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. ConclusionThere are obvious differences in intestinal flora and functions in T2DM patients of DHTS syndrome and QYD syndrome，which can be used as reference for traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome differentiation and the target of TCM treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of acupuncture at "Kongzui" (LU 6) and "Yuji" (LU 10) on the latent period of inducing asthma, pulmonary function and the expression of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and metallothionein-2 (MT-2) in asthma rats, and to explore the possible mechanism of acupuncture in alleviating airway smooth muscle spasm and improving the acute attack of asthma. METHODS: A total of 40 male SD rats of SPF-grade were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, a medication group and an acupuncture group, 10 rats in each group. Except for the normal group, ovalbumin sensitization method was used to establish the asthma model in the other 3 groups. Salbutamol nebulization was adopted in the medication group, while acupuncture was applied at bilateral "Kongzui" (LU 6) and "Yuji" (LU 10) in the acupuncture group. The intervention was given once a day for 14 days in the two groups. The latent period of inducing asthma and pulmonary function were observed, the levels of ET-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected by ELISA method, the morphology of the airway was observed by Masson staining, the ultrastructure of the airway smooth muscle was observed by transmission electron microscopy, the mRNA and protein expression of ET-1 and MT-2 in lung tissue was detected by real-time PCR and Western blot methods. RESULTS: Compared with the normal group, in the model group, the latent period of inducing asthma was shortened (P<0.01); the airway resistance (RL) was increased while the dynamic compliance (Cdyn) was decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05); the levels of ET-1 and TNF-α in serum and BALF were increased (P<0.01); collagen fibers and collagen depositions were found around the bronchi, airway smooth muscle was thickened, the cell damage was severe and mitochondria were swollen; the mRNA and protein expression of ET-1 was increased while the mRNA and protein expression of MT-2 was decreased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, in the acupuncture group, the latent period of inducing asthma was prolonged (P<0.05), the RL was decreased while the Cdyn was increased (P<0.01, P<0.05). Compared with the model group, in the medication group and the acupuncture group, the levels of ET-1 and TNF-α in serum and BALF were decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05); collagen fibers and collagen depositions around the bronchi were reduced, the thickened airway smooth muscle was lightened, the cell damage was improved; the mRNA and protein expression of ET-1 was decreased while the mRNA and protein expression of MT-2 was increased (P<0.01). Compared with the medication group, the mRNA expression of MT-2 was increased in the acupuncture group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Acupuncture at "Kongzui" (LU 6) and "Yuji" (LU 10) can improve the pulmonary function and alleviate the airway smooth muscle spasm in rats with asthma. Its mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of ET-1 expression and up-regulation of MT-2 expression.
Rats ; Male ; Animals ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Lung ; Asthma/metabolism* ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Spasm ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism*

Objective To analyze the overall functioning of children with learning disabilities, and develop individualized exercise rehabilitation protocol using International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Methods Based on the theoretical framework of ICF and the disease diagnosis of International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), and with the perspective of child development, the functional profiles of cognition, understanding, attention, thinking, motor, and activity and participation of children with learning disabilities were analyzed. A function-oriented and individulized exercise rehabilitation protocol for children with learning disabilities was constructed in light of ICF bio-psycho-social health paradignm and the theory of somatic and mental interaction. Results The functional performance of children with learning disabilities mainly demonstrated in mental dysfunction in physical functioning in the activities and participation limitations, such as learning and applying knowledge, general tasks and demands, and communication. For the environment factors, products and technology for education, products and technology for culture, recreation and sports, and services, systems and policies could also affect children with learning disabilities. Physical activity was beneficial for children with learning disabilities to improve mental and motor functioning and to effectively enhance intellectual, cognitive, attentional, communication, and mobility skills for the overall development of the children. Physical activity for children with learning disabilities was selected according to WHO guidelines for physical activity and sedentary behavior for children, and moderate to vigorous physical activity for at least 60 minutes, as well as high-intensity training no less than three times a week, together with appropriate physical games and leisure physical activities could effectively improve learning outcomes and reduce learning disabilities. Conclusion The health condition, functioning and motor development of children with learning disability had been analyzed using ICD-11 and ICF, and with the theories of somatic and metal interaction and ICF bio-psycho-social model, the holistic and function-oriented exercise rehabilitation program was developed that recommended at least 60 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity, including aerobic exercise and physical games, per day, and at least three times a week of high intensity physical activity of no less than 30 minutes, including plyometrics and physical competition. The development of individualized function-based exercise rehabilitation programs incorporating the learning disability and motor function characteristics of children could effectively improve the cognitive, attentional, and thinking functions of children with learning disabilities, reduce learning disabilities, and promote the overall development of children.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between inflammatory factors and two Chinese medicine (CM) syndrome types of qi stagnation and blood stasis (QSBS) and qi deficiency and blood stasis (QDBS) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

METHODSSixty subjects with ACS, whose pathogenesis changes belongs to qi disturbance blood stasis syndrome, were divided into 2 groups: 30 in the QSBS group and 30 in the QDBS group. The comparative analysis on them was carried out through comparing general information, coronary angiography and inflammatory factors including intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL-40) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2).

RESULTSCompared with the QSBS group, Lp-PLA2 and YKL-40 levels in the QDBS group showed no-significant difference (P>0.05); ICAM-1 was significantly higher in the QDBS group than in the QSBS group in the pathological processes of qi disturbance and blood stasis syndrome of ACS (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSInflammatory factor ICAM-1 may be an objective basis for syndrome typing of QSBS and QDBS, which provides a research direction for standardization research of CM syndrome types.