Objective:To determine the curative effect of Ginkgo Biloba extract on the back chapped skin in SD rats. Methods:Totally 60 SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups with 10 rats in each. One group was the blank control group, while the other five groups with the same back chapped skin were respectively treated with different therapy regimen, namely one group was the model group without any treatment, one group was urea group treated with the commercially available urea, and the last three groups were re-spectively treated with Ginkgo Biloba extract at the dose of 5%, 1% and 0. 2%. The pathological tissue was observed after HE stai-ning, and the content of hydroxyproline ( Hyp) in skin was determined by alkaline hydrolysis. Results:The skin lesion and the score of pathological section were studied and the content of Hyp in the damaged skin was determined. The comprehensive score for the groups was 0, 13. 2, 7. 4, 11. 0, 5. 8 and 6. 6, respectively, and the content of Hyp was (4. 57 ± 0. 07), (2. 41 ± 0. 27), (3. 29 ± 0.57), (2.55 ±0.31), (3.24 ±0.26) and (3.37 ±0.24) μg·mg-1,respectively. There was significant difference in the curative effect between the Ginkgo Biloba extract groups at high dose (5%) and medium dose (1%) and the model group (P<0. 05), which showed no obvious difference when compared with the urea group (P>0. 05). Conclusion:The extract of Ginkgo Biloba has a certain effect on the back chapped skin in SD rats, which may contribute to the external preparations of Ginkgo Biloba extract.

Objective To compare the body composition of diabetic and healthy subjects and to investigate the correlation between obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods Body composition was analyzed in 80 type 2 diabetic patients (diabetes group) and 80 healthy subjects (control group) selected at random.They were measured for body fat mass,visceral fat area,sketedtal muscle mass,waist-hip ratio,the content of protein and mineral,etc.The blood glucose,blood fat,insulin resistance index (Homa-IR) and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c) were also measured.Results The means of body fat mass((19.68 ± 6.78)kg),percent body fat ((29.87 ± 8.04) ％),obesity degree ((115.93 ± 15.94) ％),visceral fat area ((104.48 ± 36.19) cm2),Body mass index(BMI) ((24.85 ± 3.51) kg/m2),chest circumference ((94.06 ±7.86) cm),waist circumference ((85.18 ± 9.50) cm) and waist-hip ratio (0.90 ± 0.05) were significantly higher than the means of healthy subjects'weight control ((-4.08 ± 6.79) kg),body fat mass ((17.31 ± 5.55)kg),percent body fat ((27.38 ± 6.47)％),obesity degree((108.88 ± 13.80)％),visceral fat area ((85.44 ±44.04) cm2),BMI ((23.43 ± 3.10) kg/m2),chest circumference ((91.11 ± 7.52) cm),waist circumference ((80.79±8.17) cm) and waist-hip ratio (0.86 ± 0.05) (t=2.55,2.30,3.12,2.86,2.73,2.28,3.12 and 4.76 respectively;P ＜0.05),body mass control ((-7.01 ± 7.49) kg),obesity control ((-8.53 ± 6.66)kg),muscles control((1.52 ± 1.43) kg) were lower than control group:the body mass control((-4.08 ±6.79) kg),obesity control ((-6.39 ± 5.78) kg),muscles control ((2.31 ± 2.09) kg).The uric acid was negatively related to weight control and obesity control (r =-0.43,-0.42 ; P ＜ 0.01),and were positively related to visceral fat area,percent body fat,waist-hip ratio,BMI,obesity degree,chest circumference,waist circumference and body fat mass (r =0.32,0.31,0.40,0.36,0.36,0.31,0.42,0.42 ; P ＜ 0.05).The triglyceride was negatively related to weight control and obesity control (r =-0.44,-0.41 ;P ＜ 0.01),and were positive related to percent body fat,waist-hip ratio,BMI,obesity degree,chest circumference,waist circumference and body fat mass(r =0.27,0.35,0.46,0.46,0.35,0.42,0.42 ;P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The body fat and fat distribution are significantly different between diabetic and healthy subjects.There may be some relationship between central obesity and diabetes.

In the middle of 1990 s, it was discovered that sirolimus had inhibitory effect on the proliferation of T lymphocytes , therefore, it is used for the treatment of anti-tumor cells.At present, the dosage forms of sirolimus are capsules , oral liquid and tab-lets.However, because of good fat-soluble and poor water-soluble property, its bioavailability is low with many side reactions .In order to provide reference for the further studies of sirolimus , the literatures in recent years were searched in Pubmed , Springer, CJFD,VIP Chinese periodical database and Wanfang data , and the research progress in the new dosage forms of sirolimus was summarized .

Objective To investigate the assciation between hypertriglyceridemia and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes (T2DM).Methods One hundred and forty-nine T2DM patients were divided into hypertriglyceridemia (n =88) and normal-triglyceridemia (n =61) groups according to triglyceridemia levels,waist circumference (WC),waist to height ratio (WHtR),fasting blood-glucose (FPG),glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1 c),uric acid (UA),total cholesterol (TC),fasting insulin (FINS) and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were measured and compared between the two groups.Results Compared with the normal-triglyceridemia group,The levels of WC,WHtR,UA,TC,FINS and HOMA-IR of patients in the thypertri-glyceridemia group were significantly higher (Hypertriglyceridemia group:WC(89.51 ±10.31) cm,WHtR 0.55 ±0.06,UA(316.95 ±88.50) μmol/L,TC(5.74 ± 1.72) mmol/L,FINS (8.63 ± 4.91) μU/L,HOMA-IR 4.48 ± 3.14 ; Normal-triglyceridemia group:WC (86.31 ± 7.98) cm,WHtR 0.53 ± 0.05,Uric(275.48 ± 88.36) μmol/L,TC (5.15 ± 1.13) mmol/L,FINS (6.20 ± 3.89) μU/L,HOMA-IR 3.38 ± 2.76; t value were 2.133,2.315,2.815,2.349,2.364,2.221 ; P ＜ 0.05) ; HOMA-IR correlated positively with WC (r =0.233,P ＜ 0.01),WHtR(r =0.268,P ＜ 0.01),BMI (r =0.161,P ＜ 0.05),FPG(r=0.442,P ＜0.01),AST(r=0.169,P ＜0.0S),UA (r =0.907,P ＜0.01),TG(r =0.220,P ＜0.01)and FINS(r =0.907,P ＜0.01).Conclusion T2DM with hypertriglyceridemia increased insulin resistance.

Objective To improve the understanding,the incidence and imaging findings of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) combined with cardiac rhabdomyomas (CRs) in fetuses and infants.Methods The imaging findings of 9 infants with TSC combined with CRs and 4 fetuses with TSC combined with CRs from our hospital between June,2006 and November,2013 were retrospectively reviewed.Results The brain MRI of 9 with TSC combined with CRs showed bilateral subependy-mal nodules,subcortical white matter and cortical tubers.Subependymal nodules were isointense or hypointense on spin-echo T1WI and hypointense or hyperintense on spin-echo T2WI.Subcortical white matter and cortical tubers were hypointense or hyperintense on T1WI and hypointense or hyperintense on T2WI.There was varying contrast enhancement.Three of 9 infants presented single cardiac tumor and 6 of 9 infants presented multiply cardiac lesions.CRs on contrast cardiac MRI showed round solid masses in ventricular septums,ventricular outflow tract,ventricle or atrial free walls.The masses were isointense relative to the cardiac muscles on T1WI,T2WI and B-TFE sequence.There was varying contrast enhancement.Four fetuses with TSC on ultrafast MRI showed bilateral multiply subependymal nodules,the nodules were isointense or hyperintense on TFE T1WI and isointense or hypointense signals on SSTSE or B-FFE sequence,Four fetuses with CRs showed isointense to hyperintense solid masses in ventricular septums on ultrafast MRI,ventricle or atrial free walls on B-FFE sequence and SSTSE sequence images.Conclusions TSC in infant and fetus is a kind of neurocutaneous syndrome,usually combines with CRs.Fetal ultrafast and routine MRI is a useful method to make a definite diagnosis for cranial and cardiac lesions.The development of MRI might improve the timeliness and accuracy of the assessment for this disease.

ObjectiveTo observe the ultrastructures of vessel and endotheliocyte in the early stage(2 h after stimulation finished) after acute mechanical middle cerebral artery(MCA) vasospasm in cats.MethodsThe right MCA of 6 cats were mechanically stimulated using a small smooth stainless steel nail in the field acrossing the olfactory tract for 30 min.The diameter of MCA was recorded by metrical ocular of microscope.The changes of the perfusion index of brain tissue were observed through the Laser Doppler flowmetry monitor fixed on the skull.The ultrastructure of vessel and endotheliocyte were investigated through the electron microscope.ResultsThe diameter of MCA decreased to 68.78% of normal.2 h later,the diameter of MCA recovered.The perfusion index of the cortex surface decreased to 42.59% of normal and up to 61.87% 2 h later.The chromatin of endotheliocyte congregated to the side and formed the lunular body.The heaves of mitochondria(MIT) are blurry 2 hours after the mechanical stimulation.ConclusionThe persistent mechanical stimulation can cause acute cerebral vasospasm,which may involve the apoptosis of endotheliocyte of MCA.It is important to reduce the mechanical stimulus to the cerebral vessel in order to avoid acute cerebral vasospasm during clinical and basic craniotomy.

Objective To observe the effect of atorvastatin on mixed dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods 39 patients of type 2 diabetic with mixed dyslipidemia were taken with atorvastatin for 6 months,and the change of total cholesterel(TC),triglyceride(TG),low-debsity-lipoprotein-cholesteral(LDL-C),high-debsity-lipopro- tein-cholesteral(HDL-C)were observed.The incidence of side-effect was recorded.Results TC,TG,LDL-C were obviously reduced and their extent of reduction were 26.17 %,54.97 %,38.92 %.HDL-C was obviously increased and it's extent of increase was 14.81%(P

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of intestinal resection on hydrogen sulfide (H2S) biosynthesis and interstitial cells of Cajal(ICC) in mice.

METHODSAfter intestinal resection mouse model was established, the activity of MPO in the proximal anastomosis intestinal tissue were detected. Sensitive sulphur electrode assay was applied to measure the H2S level. RT-PCR technique was employed to investigate the mRNA expression of the endogenous H2S biosynthesis enzymes, cystathionine-b-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine-c-lyase (CSE). Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of c-kit in order to calculate the area of ICC.

RESULTSThe mRNA expression of CSE was detected in the small intestine tissue of mice, while no CBS mRNA was found. The mRNA expression of CSE in proximal anastomotic stoma increased in time-dependent manner in the model group. CSE mRNA expression began to increase 1 hour after operation, reached the peak at 6th hour, then decreased gradually, and was similar to the control group at postoperative 24th hour. Compared to the model group, in the intestinal tissues of proximal 3 cm to anastomotic stoma, the mRNA expression of CSE (1.16 ± 0.18 vs. 1.63 ± 0.13, P<0.05), the activity of MPO [(0.54 ± 0.07) U/g vs. (0.83 ± 0.09) U/g, P<0.05], the H2S level [(36.1 ± 6.1) nmol/mg vs. (5.3 ± 5.6) nmol/mg, P<0.05] were significantly reduced in the PPG group. Meanwhile, average percentage of positive ICC area in the PPG groups was significantly higher [(2.26 ± 0.19)% vs. (1.65 ± 0.24)%, P<0.05].

CONCLUSIONSInflammatory reaction in muscular layer induced by intestinal resection up-regulates the mRNA expression of CSE proximal to anastomotic stoma, generates excess H2S to damage ICC leading to intestinal motor dysfunction. Preoperative inhibition of endogenous H2S generation may protect the ICC.

Animals ; Cystathionine gamma-Lyase ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hydrogen Sulfide ; Inflammation ; Interstitial Cells of Cajal ; Intestines ; Mice ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; RNA, Messenger

Resistin, a newly discovered peptide hormone mainly secreted by adipose tissues, is present at high levels in serum of obese mice and may be a potential link between obesity and insulin resistance in rodents. However, some studies of rat and mouse models have associated insulin resistance and obesity with decreased resistin expression. In humans, no relationship between resistin level and insulin resistance or adiposity was observed. This suggests that additional studies are necessary to determine the specific role of resistin in the regulation of energy metabolism and adipogenesis. In the present study, we investigated the effect of resistin in vivo on glucose and lipid metabolism by over-expressing resistin in mice by intramuscular injection of a recombinant eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1-Retn encoding porcine resistin gene. After injection, serum resistin and serum glucose (GLU) levels were significantly increased in the pcDNA3.1-Retn-treated mice; there was an obvious difference in total cholesterol (TC) level between the experiment and the control groups on Day 30. In pcDNA3.1-Retn-treated mice, both free fatty acid (FFA) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were markedly lower than those of control, whereas HDL cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) levels did not differ between the two groups. Furthermore, lipase activity was expressly lower on Day 20. Our data suggest that resistin over-expressed in mice might be responsible for insulin resistance and parameters related to glucose and lipid metabolism were changed accordingly.
Animals ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified ; blood ; Glucose ; metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Lipid Metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Resistin ; blood ; physiology ; Triglycerides ; blood

OBJECTIVEEplets mismatch based on HLAMatchmaker software evaluates the clinical application of kidney transplantation.

METHODSIn 239 cases of renal transplant,merits of methods of the traditional HLA six antigen matcheing criteria, cross reaction groups standard and Eplets mismatch based on HLAMatchmaker standard were compared respectively.

RESULTSThe number of mismatchs with three methods in 239 cases, were grouped according to low-high mismatchs. The results revealed that HLAMatchmaker algorithm could significantly increase the number of low mismatchs group 54 (22.6%), compared with the HIA group 19(7.9%) and CREGs group 32 (13.4%). The comparison was discovered statistical significance among the three groups (P<0.001), so the comparison between each group was.

CONCLUSIONHLAMachmaker of donor-recipients matching, is a more efficient, time-saving and high sensitivity matching solution to allograft renal transplantation.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Histocompatibility Testing ; methods ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Software ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Young Adult