Nowadays,the study of tumor stem cells has become the heatpoint in cancer research.Many experiments have successfully demonstrated the existence of tumor stem cells,which have been isolated from some solid tumors.As the research on the origin of tumor stem cell is developing,the knowledge of the occurrence and development of tumor has become more clear,which will influence the diagnosis and treatment for tumor significantly.Moreover it will bring benefit to the following-up after surgical operation and giving hopes to cancer sufferers.

Many beneficial bioactive substances were produced by Paenibacillus polymyxa such as antibiotics, antimicrobial proteins, plant hormones and flocculants. These bioactive substances also could be produced by Paenibacillus polymyxa making it show excellent prospect in biological control of plant diseases, treatment of mankind and animals. This article summarizes research advances in Paenibacillus polymyxa and their bioactive substances.

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and is mainly manifested as pulmonary tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is characterized by high pathogenicity and drug resistance due to its high viability and lethality, and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis caused by it has become a global public health problem. Early and effective treatment is essential to prevent the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Commonly employed methods for the screening and diagnosis of TB include: clinical signs, imaging examinations (chest X-ray, computed tomography), sputum culture (L-J medium, BACTEC liquid culture system), and immunological tests (lipoarabinomannan antigen test, tuberculin skin test, interferon-gamma release test). In recent years, emerging molecular diagnostic methods such as GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), linear probe assay, and whole-genome sequencing have been used to diagnose and characterize TB. These methods not only identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis but also detect mutation sites associated with resistance to first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, etc.), providing new possibilities for the diagnosis of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of some commonly used detection methods for tuberculosis are first reviewed, aiming at assisting clinicians to diagnose and treat the disease in a timely manner. Secondly, this paper explores the prospects of the latest high-throughput detection methods for drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Objective To investigate the expression of aquaporin-5(AQP5) in lipo-polysaccharide(LPS)-cigarette smoking inducible SD rats,and the effect of ambroxol chloride(AMB)on its expression. Methods Twenty-one SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: AMB intervention group,model group(LPS-cigarette smoking induction group) and control group.TNF-? was determined from lung homogenate supernatant,bronchial alveolar lavage fluid(BALF) and serum by ELISA.The semi-quantitation of AQP5 transcription and expression were measured by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry,respectively. Results TNF-? from lung homogenate supernatant and BALF in model group was more than AMB intervention group and control group(P

BACKGROUND: The extramedulary fixation system including dynamic hip screw (DHS) is commonly used in treatment of Intertrochanteric fracture. However, in patients with unstable intertrochanteric fracture, extramedulary fixation system often leads to the failure of fracture fixation. Intramedulary fixation system including both proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) and InterTan nail has been widely used in the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures. OBJECTIVE:To compare the therapeutic effects of extramedulary fixation system containing DHS, PFNA and InterTan nail in the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture. METHODS:Literatures were searched in Wanfang, PubMed, Embase, Medline, the Cochrane library to screen literatures published from January 1990 to November 2014. Relevant studies addressing extramedulary fixation system containing DHS, PFNA and InterTan nail were screened. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 346 articles were screened, and 13 of them were in accordance with the inclusion criteria. 1 271 patients with different types of intertrochanteric fracture were assessed in this study. Compared to DHS group, patients treated with PFNA and InterTan nail had shorter operation time and less blood loss. No significant difference in rehabilitation time and Harris score was detected among three kinds of fixation methods. Additionaly, PFNA and InterTan nail had a similar effect. These findings verify that compared with DHS, PFNA and InterTan nail can optimize the surgery, but cannot elevate postoperative outcomes.

Background An ethylnitrosourea(ENU)-induced mutant strain C57BL/6 mouse model has been established by our research group.This model is proved to have the spontaneous phenotype of corneal opacity and the typical pathological process similar to human keratitis.Therefore,this model is expected to be a good animal model in the research of the mechanism,hereditary property,and development of drugs for corneal infectious diseases.Objective The present study is to investigate the biological features of opportunistic pathogens using a mouse Staphylococcus-infected corneal model(C57BL/6 mouse) induced by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea(ENU),and offers an evidence of stability in this animal model.Methods Ten-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were treated with ENU at 150mg/kg by intraperitoneal injection,and then mated with female mice after 60 days.Corneal opacity mutant mice in the F1 generation were selected to backcross with C57BL/6 mice.The bacteria were isolated from the eyeballs of the mutants and cultivated,purified and identified.Drug sensitivity assay was carried out to screen for effective antibiotics for clinic medical care.Results The staphylococcus-infected corneal mouse model(B6-Co) was established successfully,and the Staphylococcus sciuri strain was separated and purified,and then the sensitive antibiotics were distinguished from resistant ones.The sensitive drugs for Staphylococcus sciuri included azithromycin,clindamycin,chloramphenicol,gentamicin,rifampicin,tetracycline,amikacin,sulfamethoxazole compound sinomin,minocycline,levofloxacin,cephalothin,cefotaxime,and furazolidone;whereas this Staphylococcal strain was resistant to cefoxitin,penicillin,ampicillin,novobiocin.Nitrofurantoin showed an intermediate sensitivity.Conclusion The C57BL/6 mouse model is a spontaneous-derived animal model that is infected by coagulase-negative staphylococci,among which the most abundant strain is Staphylococcus sciuri.

The necessity and superiority of the surgical operation on children with floating knee injury and the fracture union and complications were investigated. Twenty-eight children with floating knee injury were subjected to open reduction and internal fixation or external fixator. The patients were followed up for 18 months to 7 years. The curative effectiveness was scored by Karlstrom criteria. The results showed that no nonunion or deformity was found. The affected limb was 1.2 cm to 1.5 cm longer in 2 cases, 0.8 to 1.2 cm shorter in 3 cases than the contralateral. No severe dysfunction of knee joint occurred. The excellent-good rate was 92.8% and the curative rate 71.4% respectively. So for children whose age is older than 5 years, it's a good way to treat the fractures of femur and tibia with open reduction and internal fixation or external fixator. The method can be advantageous for the nursing care, early function recovery, shortening of the hospital stay and avoidance of severe complications.
Femoral Fractures/complications ; Femoral Fractures/*surgery ; Fracture Fixation ; Knee Injuries/classification ; Knee Injuries/etiology ; Knee Injuries/*surgery ; Tibial Fractures/complications ; Tibial Fractures/*surgery ; Treatment Outcome

Aim: To determine the uptake characteristics of salvianolic acid B(Sal B) in myocardial cells and blood vessel endothelial cells. Method: The effects of various factors, such as time, temperature, drug concentration, pH of the medium, on the uptake of Sal B in myocardial cells and aorta endothelial cells were investigated. LC/MS was employed to determine the intracellular concentration of Sal B. Results: Uptake kinetics of Sal B in the myocardial cells and aorta endothelial cells fitted well to the logarithmic model at 37 ℃ and 4 ℃. The a-mount of uptake was in direct proportion to the extracellular concentration of Sal B in the experimental concentration range. Uptake of Sal B both in the myocardial cells and blood vessel endothelial cells would significantly increase while the medium pH decreased, and some water-soluble components extracted from danshen would also facilitate the uptake of Sal B both in the myocardial cells and blood vessel endothelial cells obviously. The energy metabolism inhibitors would significantly inhibit the uptake of Sal B in the myocardial cells and blood vessel endothelial cells. When lactic acid and fatty acid were added to the incubation solution, the uptake of Sal B both in the myocardial cells and aorta endothelial cells increased more than 20%. Conclusion: pH is the most important factor influencing the cellular uptake of Sal B, and the amount of uptake tends to increase in acidic medium. Results suggest that the uptake of Sal B would increase in the acidified internal environment induced by myocardial ischemia, thus exerting better cardiovascular activities.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of balloon dilatation with ice water and room temperature water on cricopharyngeal achalasia after brainstem stroke.Methods Forty dysphagic patients with cricopharyngeal achalasia after brainstem stroke were recruited.Twenty patients assigned to experimental group were treated by balloon dilatation with ice water and low frequency elecrtrical stimulation.Twenty patients assigned to control group were treated by balloon dilatation with room temperature water and low frequency electrical stimulation.Results After treatment,36 out of the 40 patients of the two groups could eat pasty food independently without choking.Videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) showed that the cricopharyngeal sphincter relaxed and the foods passed successfully when swallowing bolus,and no aspiration happened.In comparison,the level of cricopharyngeal opening,the number of patients with nasogastric tube remained and eating normally,and the scores of functional oral intake scale (FOIS) between the two groups showed no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The average treatment sessions,average hospitalization days and average treatment cost in treatment group were significantly less than those in the control group(P ＜0.05).Conclusion Cricopharyngeal achalasia can be treated effectively by balloon dilatation with ice water or with room temperature water combined with low frequency electrical stimulation,but treatment course of balloon dilatation with ice water were significantly shorter than that of balloon dilatation with room temperature water.

Objective To study the diagnostic value of calcification in differentiating benign and malignant thyroid lesions. Methods CT images of 318 consecutive patients with pathologically proven thyroid lesions were retrospectively reviewed by two radiologists. The following characteristics of calcification on CT images were evaluated: (1) size (≤2 mm indicating microcalcification and > 2 mm or shelly and irregular shape indicating macrocalcification, and both features indicating mixed calcification), (2) number (single or multiple) and (3)location (internal or edge). χ~2 test was used for statistical analysis. Results Oft he 318 cases, 48 were diagnosed as malignant (papillary carcinoma 26, follicular carcinoma 7, medullary carcinoma 3 and microcarcinoma 12) and 270 were benign (nodular goiter 36, adenoma 170, nodular goiter with adenoma 38 and adenoma with Hashimoto's thyroiditis 26). Calcification was found in 60 cases (18.9%). Among them 21 (papillary carcinoma 12,microcarcinoma 6,follicular carcinoma 2 and medullary carcinoma 1) were malignant(43.8%) and 39(nodular goiter 6, adenoma 13,nodular goiter with adenoma 19 and adenoma with Hashimoto's thyroiditis 1) were benign (14.4%) (P < 0.01). Sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing thyroid carcinoma were 43.8% (21/48) and 85.6% (231/270), respectively. Microcalcification was found in 37 cases (malignant 8, benign 29) and macrocalcification was found in 23 cases(malignant 13, benign 10) (P < 0.01) . Sensitivity and specificity of macrecalcification for diagnosing thyroid carcinoma were 61.9% (13/21) and 74.4% (29/39), respectively. Single calcification was found in 31 cases (malignant 13, benign 18) and multiple calcification was found in 29 cases(malignant 8, benign 21) (P >0.05). Internal calcification was found in 15 cases of malignant lesions(71.4%) and 12 of benign lesions(30.8%); Edge calcification was found in 6 cases of malignant and 27 of benign, (P <0.01). Sensitivity and specificity of internal calcification for diagnosing thyroid carcinoma were 71.4% (15/21) and 69.2% (27/39), respectively. Conclusion Internal calcification or(and) macrocalcification of the thyroid lesions may strongly suspect thyroid carcinoma and fine-needle aspiration or surgery should be further performed.