Objective Little is known about the effects of antioxidant on the micturition function in diabetic cystopathy .In this study, we investigated the effects of antioxidant sulforaphane on bladder micturition function in diabetes mellitus ( DM)mice with bladder underactivity . Met hods We established DM models in mice by intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ)at 65 mg/kg and randomly divided them into three groups , sulforaphane treatment (n=10), vehicle treatment (n=10), and DM model (n=10), with another 10 normal healthy mice included as blank controls.At 24 weeks of the experiment, we obtained and analyzed such indexes of mice as the body weight , fasting blood glucose (FBG), 24-hour urine volume (24 h UV) and bladder wet weight ( BWW ) , results of cystometrography , and cystometric parameters including intercontraction interval ( ICI ) , maximum bladder pressure during micturition ( Pmax ) , maximum cystometric capacity (MCC), void volume (VV), post-void residual urine vol-ume (PVR) and residual urine rate (RUR). Results Compared with the blank controls , the DM models with bladder underactivity showed significantly increases in BWW ([67.96 ±2.35]mg), 24 h HU ([22.47 ±1.93]mL), MCC ([0.70 ±0.03]mL), VV (0[.23 ±0.01]mL), PVR ([0.49 ±0.02]mL), RUR ([70.10 ± 0.80]%), and ICI, but a remarkable decrease in Pmax .Sulforaphane treatment significantly reduced BWW ([576.9 ±2.41]mg), 24 h HU ([16.27 ±1.51] mL), MCC ([0.54 ±0.03]mL), PVR ([0.34 ±0.02]mL), RUR ([62.71 ±1.26]%), and ICI of the diabetic mice . Conclusion Sulforaphane could improve bladder micturition function in mice with STZ-induced DM , which might be related to its action mechanism of antioxidative stress damage .

During the washing process of coarse bear gall powder extracts, it is necessary to adjust the amount of ethyl acetate according to the properties of raw materials, which aims to improving the yield and purity of the final product. In the research, using NIR spectra to reflect the comprehensive properties of coarse bear gall powder extracts, the process is optimized in a flexible way. Forty batches experiments are designed according to the weight ratio of ethyl acetate and coarse extracts of bear gall powder. The NIR spectra of the coarse extracts of bear gall powder are collected and processed using principal component analysis (PCA) method. The first 8 principal components combined with the amount of the ethyl acetate are used as the input variables, and calibration models are established to predict the yield and purity of the final product 30 batches are used as calibration set, which is used to establish the models, and other 10 batches are used as validation set, which is used for the performance appraisal of the established models. The correlation coefficients of the calibration, inner cross-validation and external validation for the purity model are 0.902, 0.896 and 0.883, respectively, and the RMSEC, RMSECV and RMSEP are 1.22%, 1.48% and 1.59%, respectively. The correlation coefficients of the calibration, inner cross-validation and external validation for the yield model are 0.921, 0.859 and 0.916, respectively, and the RMSEC, RMSECV and RMSEP are 1.39%, 1.65% and 1.53% respectively. This work demonstrated that NIR spectra combined with technology parameter could be used to predict the yield and purity of the final product. Using the established models, the most appropriate amount of the ethyl acetate can be determined according to the properties of the coarse bear gall powder extracts, and the yield and purity of the final product can be improved.
Acetates ; chemistry ; Animals ; Gallbladder ; chemistry ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Powders ; chemistry ; Principal Component Analysis ; methods ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; methods ; Ursidae

BacKground:The deveIopment of acute pancreatitis( AP ) is often accompanied by pancreatic microcircuIation disturbance and aIterations in bIood coaguIation and fibrinoIytic systems, which resuIts in abnormaIities of pIateIet parameters. Aims:To investigate the changes of pIateIet parameters in eIderIy AP patients and the effect of uIinastatin ( UTI)on pIateIet parameters and disease status. Methods:Two hundred and seventeen eIderIy AP patients(≥60 years) were enroIIed retrospectiveIy from Aug. 2009 to Dec. 2013 at the First AffiIiated HospitaI of Nanjing MedicaI University. According to the severity of the disease,patients were divided into three groups:miId AP( MAP),moderateIy severe AP ( MSAP),and severe AP( SAP). The pIateIet parameters,incIuding PLT,MPV and PDW before and after treatment,as weII as the differences in pIateIet parameters and cIinicaI efficacy between conventionaI therapy and UTI therapy were compared and anaIyzed. Results:In MSAP and SAP groups,PLT at admission was significantIy Iower(P<0. 01),whiIe MPV and PDW were significantIy higher(P<0. 05)than those in MAP group. After 1-week treatment,PLT increased significantIy(P<0. 01)and MPV and PDW decreased significantIy(P<0. 05)in MSAP and SAP groups. UTI therapy was superior to conventionaI therapy in increasing PLT( P <0. 01 ),decreasing MPV and PDW( P <0. 01 ),and improving the overaII efficacy in MSAP and SAP groups( MSAP:92. 3% vs. 81. 2%,P <0. 01;SAP:90. 0% vs. 80. 8%,P<0. 01). Conclusions:Changes of pIateIet parameters in eIderIy MSAP and SAP patients are different from those in MAP patients,which might refIect the disease severity. UTI is effective in reducing the activity of pIateIet and can be used in the treatment and prevention of disease progression in eIderIy AP patients.

Objective To explore the related risk factors of cerebral hemorrhage complicated with stress ulcer (SU). Methods The clinical data of 1 185 patients with cerebral hemorrhage admitted to Department of Emergency Medicine of Nanjing General Hospital from March 2006 to March 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether patients complicated with SU or not. Data was collected within 8 hours after admission in two groups including gender,age,amount of bleeding,the bleeding site (basal ganglia,thalamus, brainstem,brain lobe,ventricle,subarachnoid,and cerebellum),disturbance of consciousness,acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ(APACHEⅡ)score,systolic blood pressure(SBP),history of hypertension,and history of cerebral hemorrhage. The statistically significant risk factors found using univariate analysis was selected and was analyzed to find independent risk factors with multivariate logistic regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve)was plotted to analyze the independent risk factors and evaluate their power of test. Results 1 185 patients with cerebral hemorrhage were enrolled in the study,293 cases occurred SU,accounting for 24.7%,and 892 cases without SU,which accounted for 75.3%. As shown by univariate analysis,risk factors for cerebral hemorrhage complicated with SU included age,amount of bleeding,the bleeding site,disturbance of consciousness,APACHEⅡscore,SBP. As to the site of bleeding,brain,thalamus,brainstem hemorrhage complicated with SU were higher proportion,45.3%(43/95),39.1%(63/161),36.9%(48/130),which were significantly higher than those of the lobes of the brain 〔26.2% (33/126)〕,cerebellum 〔18.8% (15/80)〕,basal ganglia〔16.1%(78/485)〕,arachnoid the inferior vena cava 〔12.0% (13/108)〕. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that amount of bleeding 〔odds ratio (OR)=3.305,P=0.001,95%confidence interval (95%CI)2.213-48.634〕,the bleeding site (OR=1.762,P=0.008,95%CI 0.123-2.743),SBP (OR=1.223,P=0.034,95%CI 0.245-2.812) were independent risk factors of cerebral hemorrhage complicated with SU. The area under the ROC curve (AUC)of amount of bleeding and SBP were 0.846 and 0.597,suggesting that amount of bleeding has moderate diagnostic value and SBP has low diagnostic value. Conclusions Cerebral hemorrhage patients with large amount of bleeding,the bleeding site in the ventricle,thalamus or brainstem,high SBP are of great risk. We should lower blood pressure and give preventive treatment for SU as soon as possible.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) in Chinese by detailed clinicopathological and laboratory assessments.Methods The baseline features of 36 patients with biopsy-proven disease were reviewed.The diagnosis was confirmed by pathology review according to consensus diagnostic criteria and clinicopathologic correlation.Disease activity and damage were assessed by the IgG4-RD responder index (RI).Results Thirty (83.3％) of the patients were male,while six were female,and the average age of onset was 65.1 years.All of the 36 patients had active disease,in which submandibular gland,lymph nodes,retroperitoneal tissue were the most common affected organs in this group of patients.Among 36 patients,77.7％ had elevated serum IgG4 concentrations and 44.4％ had hypocomplementemia.Patients with elevated serum IgG4 had a higher RI,a greater number of organs involved (P ＜ 0.01 for all comparisons).The correlation between serum IgG4 level and RI (r=0.737,P ＜ 0.01) was stronger than IgG,ESR,CRP and serum complement levels.The incidence of hypocomplementemia in IgG4-RD patients with renal involvement was higher than that in IgG4-RD patients with other organs involvement (P ＜ 0.01).Twenty-eight patients received glucocorticoids therapy,and had lower RI and serum IgG4 concentration after therapy (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Both IgG4-RD RI and IgG4 concentration may be regarded as assessment markers of disease activity and therapeutic effect of IgG4-RD.The diagnosis of IgG4-RD should be supported by histopathology and clinical features.

Objective To evaluate the development of extravascular leakage of 6％ hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 when used for acute hemodilution in the pediatric patients undergoing open heart surgery.Methods Forty-eight American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ pediatric patients,aged 2-12 yr,weighing 12-53 kg,scheduled for elective surgical repair of ventricular or atrial septal defect,were divided into 2 groups (n =24 each) according to age:preschool group (2 yr ≤ age ≤ 6 yr) and school-age group (6 yr＜age ≤ 12yr).After anesthesia induction and endotracheal intubation,a volume of 6％ HES 130/0.4 equivalent to 10％ of the blood volume was infused via the central veins at 0.5 ml · kg-1 · min-1 in two groups.Immediately before infusion of HES (T0) and at 15 and 30 min after the end of infusion (T1,2),blood samples were collected fron the central vein for determination of plasma colloid osmotic pressure (COP) and hemnoglobin (Hb) concentrations.The concentrations of 6％ HES 130/ 0.4 in plasma at T1 and T2 and in urine at T2 were measured by the anthranone colorimetric method.Results Compared with the baseline value at T0,the concentrations of Hh in plasma were significantly decreased at T1,2 in preschool group,and the concentrations of Hb in plasma were significantly decreased and plasma COP was increased at T1,2 in school-age group (P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in plasma Hb concentrations or COP at each time point between two groups (P＞0.05).The plasma 6％ HES 130/0.4 concentrations were significantly lower at T2 than at T1 in two groups (P＞0.05).Compared with school-age group,the plasma 6％ HES 130/0.4 concentrations were significantly decreased at T1,2 in preschool group (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in 6％ HES 130/0.4 concentrations in urine between the two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion When 6％ HES 130/0.4 is used for acute hemodilution,extravascular leakage happens after acute hemodilution and is more obvious in the preschool pediatric patients undergoing open heart surgery.

Objective To study the clinicopathologieal features and expression of cyclin D1 and p53 in epithelial ovarian tumors,and to investigate the correlation between pathogenesis of ovarian cancer and epithelial borderline tumors.Methods Fifty four cases of ovarian borderline tumors and 45 cases of ovarian carcinomas from the People's Hospital,Peking University were reviewed retrospectively.The clinical data and pathological findings were analyzed.Immunohistochemical study of cyclin D1 and p53 was performed in all 99 cases.Results(1)In borderline tumors,the age of patients ranged from 14-82 (mean age=42.5)years.International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics(FIGO)stage of borderline tumors was stage Ⅰ in 48 cases,stage Ⅱ in 3 cases,and stage Ⅲ in 3 cases.In ovarian carcinomas,the age of patients ranged from 26-80(mean age=53.5)years.FIGO stage of carcinoma was stage Ⅰ in 6 cases, stage Ⅱ in 8 cases,stage Ⅲ in 26 cases,and stage Ⅳ in 5 cases.In follow-up of 54 cases with borderline tumors the 5-year survival rate was 98% and of 45 cases with carcinomas a 5-year survival rate of 51% was noted.(2)In 54 cases of borderline tumors,mucinous types accounted for 56%(30/54)and serous types accounted for 30%(16/54).There were 5 cases with micropapillary pattern,3 cases with peritoneal implants,3 cases with lymph node involvement,6 cases with microinvasion,one case with intraepithelial carcinoma,and one case with mural nodules.In 45 cases of carcinomas,serous carcinoma was the most (49%,22/45).The remainder included 3 cases of mucinous types,8 cases of endometrioid types,6 cases of transitional cell types,3 cases of mixed phenotype and 3 cases of undifferentiated types.(3) Overexpression of cyclin D1 and p53 was observed in 31%(14/45)and 56%(25/45)of ovarian carcinomas, respectively.There was a significant association between p53 overexpression and tumor grade.In the borderline tumor group,69%(37/54)had overexpression of cyelin D1 and 6%(3/54)had overexpression of p53.There were significant differences in expression of cyclin D1 and p53 between conventional serous borderline tumors and high-grade serous carcinomas(cyclin D1:91% vs 26%;p53:0 vs 58%).However, micropapillary serous borderline tumors and low-grade serous carcinomas showed remarkably similar expression of cyelin D1 and p53.Conclusions Epithelial ovarian borderline tumors are distinct from ovarian cancer in clinical progress and prognosis,and histological types.Overexpression of cyclin D1 is common in ovarian borderline tumors and low grade carcinomas.And overexpression of p53 is more common in high grade ovarian carcinomas.Conventional serous borderline tumors are distinct from high-grade serous carcinomas in pathogenesis.Micropapillary serous borderline ovarian tumors may be closely related to low grade serous carcinomas.

Objective To address the neural basis of Chinese idioms processing with different kinds of stimuli using an event-related fMRI design.Methods Sixteen native Chinese speakers were asked to perform a semantic decision task during fMRI scanning.Three kinds of stimuli were used: Real idioms (Real-idiom condition);Literally plausible phrases (Pseudo-idiom condition,the last character of a real idiom was replaced by a character with similar meaning);Literally implausible strings (Non-idiom condition,the last character of a real idiom was replaced by a character with unrelated meaning).Reaction time and correct rate were recorded at the same time.Results The error rate was 2.6%,5.2% and 0.9% (F = 3.51,P0.05 )for real idioms,pseudo-idioms and wrong idioms, respectively.Similar neural network was activated in all of the three conditions.However,the right hippocampus was only activated in the real idiom condition,and significant activations were found in anterior portion of left inferior frontal gyrus (BA47)in real-and pseudo-idiom conditions,but not in non-idiom condition.Conclusion The right hippocampus plays a specific role in the particular wording of the Chinese idioms.And the left anterior inferior frontal gyms (BA47)may be engaged in the semantic processing of Chinese idioms.The results support the notion that there were specific neural bases for Chinese idioms processing.

Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment on the protein expression of c-fos in fastigial nucleus (FN) and lateral hypothalamus area (LHA) in rats with acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), and to explore the role and mechanism of FN and LHA in EA at the Heart Meridian fighting against acute MIRI reaction. Methods: Seventy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group, a model group, an EA-Heart Meridian group and an EA-Lung Meridian group, with 14 rats in each group; an LHA lesion plus EA-Heart Meridian group (LHA+EA-Heart Meridian group) and a FN lesion plus EA-Heart Meridian group (FN+EA-Heart Meridian group), with 7 rats in each group. Except the sham operation group, the left anterior descending branch of coronary artery was ligated to establish acute MIRI rat models in the other 5 groups. In the three groups with EA-Heart Meridian treatment, Shenmen (HT 7) and Tongli (HT 5) were selected; Taiyuan (LU 9) and Lieque (LU 7) were selected in the EA-Lung Meridian group. All the EA groups received EA stimulation prior to modeling, with 1 mA in current intensity and 2 Hz in frequency, 20 min each time, once a day for a total of 7 d. The sham operation group and the model group did not receive EA stimulation. The electrocardiogram was observed in the rats to analyze the ST-segment deviation and cardiac arrhythmia score. The expression of c-fos protein in FN and LHA was detected by immunohistochemistry method. Results: Compared with the sham operation group, the ST-segment deviation, cardiac arrhythmia score and the expression of c-fos protein in the FN and LHA increased significantly in the model group (all P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the ST-segment deviation, cardiac arrhythmia score and the expression of c-fos protein in FN and LHA decreased significantly in the EA-Heart Meridian group (all P<0.05). Compared with the EA-Heart Meridian group, the ST-segment deviation and cardiac arrhythmia score increased significantly in the EA-Lung Meridian group, LHA+EA-Heart Meridian group and FN+EA-Heart Meridian group (all P<0.05); the expression of c-fos in FN increased significantly in the EA-Lung Meridian group and LHA+EA-Heart Meridian group (both P<0.05); the expression of c-fos in LHA increased significantly in the EA-Lung Meridian group and FN+EA-Heart Meridian group (both P<0.05). Conclusion: FN and LHA are involved in the mechanism of EA at Heart Meridian to improve the acute MIRI reactions, and the cerebellum may participate in the improvement of cardiac function by EA through the cerebellum-hypothalamus projection.

To develop an analytic method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of dodecatetraenamides A, B in 42 samples of two official species of Asari Radix et Rhizoma( ARR) (37 samples of Asarum heterotropoides var. mandshuricum with different collection time and 5 samples of Asarum sieboldiivar. seoulense). The HPLC-IT-TOF-MS/MS methods for the qualitative and UPLC-PDA methods for the quantitative analysis were established. Dodecatetraenamides A, B were identified by comparing the retention time, UV absorption spectrum and quasi-molecular ion peak [ M + H]+ with the reference compound using HPLC-IT-TOF-MS/MS. The content of dodecatetraenamides A and B in ARR were determined by UPLC-PDA. The separation was successfully carried out on a ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 1.7 µm) column eluted with mobile phases of water (A) and acetonitrile (B) in gradient program (0-3 min, 35% B; 3-5 min, 35%-36% B; 5-6 min, 36%-43% B; 6 min-11 min 43% B; 11-12 min, 43%-100% B). The column temperature was 45 °C, and the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm. The flow rate was 0.6 mL · min(-1). On one level mass spectrometry scanning, the results showed that the quasi-molecular ion [M + H] + of both dodecatetraenamides A and B were m/z 248.20. The quantitative method with UPLC-PDA has made the baseline separation of the constituents, which were reported as mixtures in the most literatures. The average recovery of dodecatetraenamides A and B were 97.90% and 99.86%, the relative standard deviation were 0.4% and 1.1%, respectively. The contents of dodecatetraenamides A, B in all ARR samples was in the range of 0.11-3.89 and 0.24-6.65 mg · g(-1). Their contents reduced with the extension of storage time. Compared with the samples of 2013, the average content of the two constituents in the samples collected in year 2002-2003 reduced 34% and 36%, respectively (P < 0.05). Compared the A. sieboldii var. seoulense and A. heterotropoides var. mandshuricum with the same collective time and production area, the average contents of the two constituents in latter were up to (1.59 ± 0.75) mg · g(-1) and (2.90 ± 1.17) mg · g(-1), respectively, significantly higher than that in A. sieboldii var. seoulense (dodecatetraenamide A were (0.78 ± 0.52) mg · g(-1), dodecatetraenamide B were (1.69 ± 0.83) mg · g(-1)) (P < 0.05). The content of the dodecatetraenamide A in overground part was in the range of 0.11-0.33 mg · g(-1), dodecatetraenamide B was 0. 24-0.60 mg · g(-1), which were much lower than that of the underground part of ARR (dodecatetraenamide A was in the range of 0.73-3.89 mg · g(-1), dodecatetraenamide B was 2.11-6.24 mg · g(-1)). The method was certified to be simple, accurate and reliable and could be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of dodecatetraenamide A and B in different species of ARR, also can be used for the comprehensive quality control of traditional Chinese medicine, Asari Radix et Rhizoma.
Amides ; chemistry ; Asarum ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure ; Rhizome ; chemistry