Objective To evaluate the effect of different types of tube feeding on swallowing function of stroke patients. Methods 60 patients with dysphagia post stroke were divided into observation group and control group with 30 cases in each group. The control group received indwelling nasogastric tube feeding, and the observation group received intermittent nasogastric tube feeding. They were assessed with Kubota Water Swallow Test (WST) and VGF on the 1st day and 30th day after admission. Results The scores of drinking test and VGF were better in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05) on the 30th day. Conclusion Long-term nasogatric tube feeding is effective on dysphagia in stroke patients.

Objective To investigate the correlation between transformational leadership style and nurses' job satisfaction in emergency department.Method The survey was done among 168 emergency department nurses from 4 first class hospitals in Guangzhou by the demographic information,multifactor leadership questionnaire and Chinese nurses' job satisfaction scale to investigate the status of transformational leadership style perceived by nurses and nurses' job satisfaction in the emergency departments.Results The score of transformational leadership style perceived by the nurses in the emergency department was (50.60±14.40) and jop satisfaction was (79.80±13.30).The transformational leadership style was positively correlated with nurses' job satisfaction (P＜0.01).Conclusions The transformational leadership style is middle-high level.The nurses' job satisfaction is at low level,Nursing managers should play an active role in transformational leadership style to enhance nurses' job satisfaction in emergency departments.

Objective To establish a method of analyzing total uranium and 235U/238U ratio in urine using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and uncertainty assessment.Methods Urine sample was digested with HNO3 and H2O2,and total uranium was determined using ICP-MS method directly.The digested urine sample was separated to concentrate uranium with tributyl phosphate (TBP) column,and 235U/238U ratio was analyzed using ICP-MS.The uncertainty was evaluated through sample pre-treatment,measurement and standard curve calculation.Results The recovery of total uranium in urine was 98.4％-102.4％,detection limit was 0.002 μg/L.The relative expanded uncertainty of total uranium concentration in urine was 0.26 (k =2).235 U/238 U ratio was 0.001 1 (k =2).Conclusions This study offers a low detection limit,good recovery and precision method for rapid determination of total uranium and 235U/238 U ratio in urine samples.It is potential used for both in occupational exposure assessment and nuclear emergency situation.The uncertainty evaluation of total uranium and 235U/238U ratio in urine are reliable.

Objective To explore the relationships among nurses’intent to stay,occupational commitment and managers’ leadership styles in emergency department.Methods A total of 130 nurses in emergency department were recruited by convenience sampling method from three tertiary hospitals in Guangzhou.They were investigated by using Nurses’Intent to Stay Questionnaire, Nurses’Occupational Commitment Questionnaire and Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire(MLQ).Results The score of nurses’ intent to stay and occupational commitment were(20?19±3?74)and(76?16±12?13),respectively;both were at medium levels and occupational commitment,transformational leadership style were positively correlated with nurses’intent to stay(P<0?05).Nurses perceived their managers as transformational leaders more often than transactional leaders.Conclusions Both the current nurses’ intent to stay,occupational commitment were at medium levels.The influential factors of nurses’intent to stay in emergency department included emergency work experience,emotional commitment and normative commitment.In order to increase nurses’retention and stabilize the healthy development of nursing personnel,nurse managers should improve the level of nurses’occupational commitment.

Background Efficient and lowcost way to isolate keratocytes is helpful for research on cornea.Either relatively expensive or inefficient is the shortage of those means now applied,while raising the keratocytes through passage will change the phenotype of them quickly.Our aim is to approach the way getting keratocytes effectively utilizing modified two step enzymatic digestion by type I collagenase. Objective To evaluate the effect of isolating the bovine keratocytes utilizing two step enzymatic digestion and observe the morphological changes of the keratocytes during cultivation in vitro. Methods Keratocytes were isolated from bovine corneas using 0.5 mg/mL and 1 mg/mL type I collagenase digestion.The harvesting rate and viability rate of the primary keratocytes were evaluated.During the primary cultivation in vitro,the morphological changes of the keratocytes and their F-action distribution were observed.Results(1)The extracellular matrix of the bovine corneas were almost dissolved by the two step enzymatic digestion,followed the keratocytes completely isolated from the solid matrix.The amount of the harvested keratocytes from each cornea was(2.11±0.15)X106 on average while the viability rate was(91.69±3.73)% and the inoculation rate Was(81.20±1.25)%.(2)The primary keratocytes attached and spreaded out with dendritic and stellate morphology.After 3 days cultured,the branches of the keratocytes were contacting and formed networks.The F-actin detected by phalloidin binding showed a limited cortical localization. Conclusion (1)The method of two step enzymatic digestion can make the extracellular matrix of bovine cornea stroma completely degraded with the advantages in high efficiency of harvesting keratocytes and high cell viability and relatively simple manipulation. (2) The primary bovine keratocytes have dendritic morphology and with limited F-action distribute in cellular cortex.

Adult ; Bile Duct Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Cholangiocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Cholecystectomy ; methods ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Hepatectomy ; methods ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Keratin-19 ; metabolism ; Keratin-7 ; metabolism ; Keratin-8 ; metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; RNA, Viral ; metabolism ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To observe the expression of Bcl-2,Bax and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) in liver of rats with hepatic fibrosis and the effects of transforming growth factor (TGF)-?1 vaccine on them.Methods Thirty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into 3 groups,named healthy control group(n=10),hepatic fibrosis group(n=10) and TGF-?1 vaccine treated group(n=10).The animal model with hepatic fibrosis was established by injecting solution dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) into abdominal cavity with concentration as 0.5% and dose as 0.2 mL/ 100 g.In TGF-?1 vaccine treated group,every rat was not only injected with DMN but also 150?g TGF-?1 vaccine protein.On the 42nd day,all rats were sacrificed.Then the blood and the liver tis- sues were collected.The expression levels of Bcl-2,Bax and PCNA in liver tissues were detected by S -P immunohistochemistry and observed by routine pathological evaluation.Alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and albumin(Alb) were determined by auto biochemical analytical tool.Serum levels of hyaluronic acid (HA),laminin(LN) were detected by radioimmunoas- say (RIA).Results The expression of Bax,which promoted apoptosis,directly correlated with pathological grade in liver of rats,while the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-2/Bax,which protected a gainst apoptosis,inversely correlated with pathological grade in liver of rats.The expression levels of TGF-?1 and Bax in healthy control group were significantly lower than those of fibrosis group,how ever,the expression levels of Bcl-2 were comparable between these two groups.As compared with fi- brosis group,the expression of TGF-?1 was significantly lower while the expression of Bcl-2 was sig nificantly higher in TGF-?1 vaccine treated group.However,the expression of Bax was comparable between these two groups.The expression level of PCNA of fibrosis group was significantly higher than that of healthy control group but dramatically lower than that of TGF-?1 vaccine treated group (Both P

Objective To ascertain the uranium isotopic ratios in surface water samples around nuclear power plants.Methods Water samples were collected in Jiangsu,Shandong and Zhejiang provinces.An efficient separation procedure for the trace uranium concentrated from surface water by tributyl phosphate (TBP) was used.Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was applied to determination of low abundance uranium isotopes.Results The 234 U/238 U isotope ratio varied from 4.575 × 10-5to 7.752 × 10-5 and 235U/238U from 7.273 × 10-3 to 7.639 × 10-3.Conclusions The 234U is enriched in the surface water.

Objective To ascertain the concentrations of uranium in drinking water around nuclear power plants.Methods A total of 106 water samples were collected from June 2009 to March 2010 in Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Liaoning and Shandong provinces.Inductively coupled plasma-msgs spectrometry(ICPMS)was applied to determine uranium content in local water source and drinking water.The detection limit of U was 0.8 ng/L.The recovery was 100.9%.Results The uranium concentrations in all samples were less than 15μg/L which was the limit given by World Health Organization(WHO).Conclusions The concentration of uranium in water sources was as follows:Liaoning>Shandong>Jiangsu>Zhejiang.The concentration of uranium in drinking water W88 maximal in Shandong Province and minimal in Zhejiang Province.

Objective To detect the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-4 (TIMP-4) in cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) tissue and to assess its relationship with melanoma proliferation,invasion and metastasis.Methods Western blot was conducted to measure the protein expression of TIMP-4 in five fresh lesional and paratumoral tissue specimens of CMM and three fresh tissue specimens of nevi.Immunohistochemistry was carried out to quantify the expression of TIMP-4,Ki-67,matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2),vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and CD63 in paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 43 cases of CMM and 51 cases of nevi.The degree of malignancy of melanoma was evaluated in these lesions.Results Western blot analysis showed that the expression of TIMP-4 was significantly higher in 4 of 5 CMM tissue specimens than in corresponding paratumoral tissue specimens and nevus tissue specimens.Immunohistochemistry revealed that the expression rate of TIMP-4 was 86.04％ (37/43) in melanoma tissue,compared to 19.6％ (10/51) in nevus tissue (x2 =31.55,P ＜ 0.05).The expression of TIMP-4 increased sequentially from in situ melanoma to invasive and metastatic melanoma (rs =0.309,P ＜ 0.05).As far as CMM was concerned,the TIMP-4 expression was uncorrelated with any of the known prognostic variables including clinical stage,Clark level,Breslow depth,presence of ulcer,and Ki-67 expression (all P ＞ 0.05),but positively correlated with the expressions of VEGF (rs =0.345,P ＜ 0.05) and CD63 (rs =0.555,P ＜ 0.01).The median expression level of TIMP-4 was significantly higher in MMP-2-positive than in MMP-2-negative melanoma tissue samples (3 vs.0,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions TIMP-4 protein is highly expressed in CMM tissue,which may be closely associated with the initiation and progression of CMM,especially with the metastasis of and angiogenesis in CMM.