To develop an analytic method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of dodecatetraenamides A, B in 42 samples of two official species of Asari Radix et Rhizoma( ARR) (37 samples of Asarum heterotropoides var. mandshuricum with different collection time and 5 samples of Asarum sieboldiivar. seoulense). The HPLC-IT-TOF-MS/MS methods for the qualitative and UPLC-PDA methods for the quantitative analysis were established. Dodecatetraenamides A, B were identified by comparing the retention time, UV absorption spectrum and quasi-molecular ion peak [ M + H]+ with the reference compound using HPLC-IT-TOF-MS/MS. The content of dodecatetraenamides A and B in ARR were determined by UPLC-PDA. The separation was successfully carried out on a ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 1.7 µm) column eluted with mobile phases of water (A) and acetonitrile (B) in gradient program (0-3 min, 35% B; 3-5 min, 35%-36% B; 5-6 min, 36%-43% B; 6 min-11 min 43% B; 11-12 min, 43%-100% B). The column temperature was 45 °C, and the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm. The flow rate was 0.6 mL · min(-1). On one level mass spectrometry scanning, the results showed that the quasi-molecular ion [M + H] + of both dodecatetraenamides A and B were m/z 248.20. The quantitative method with UPLC-PDA has made the baseline separation of the constituents, which were reported as mixtures in the most literatures. The average recovery of dodecatetraenamides A and B were 97.90% and 99.86%, the relative standard deviation were 0.4% and 1.1%, respectively. The contents of dodecatetraenamides A, B in all ARR samples was in the range of 0.11-3.89 and 0.24-6.65 mg · g(-1). Their contents reduced with the extension of storage time. Compared with the samples of 2013, the average content of the two constituents in the samples collected in year 2002-2003 reduced 34% and 36%, respectively (P < 0.05). Compared the A. sieboldii var. seoulense and A. heterotropoides var. mandshuricum with the same collective time and production area, the average contents of the two constituents in latter were up to (1.59 ± 0.75) mg · g(-1) and (2.90 ± 1.17) mg · g(-1), respectively, significantly higher than that in A. sieboldii var. seoulense (dodecatetraenamide A were (0.78 ± 0.52) mg · g(-1), dodecatetraenamide B were (1.69 ± 0.83) mg · g(-1)) (P < 0.05). The content of the dodecatetraenamide A in overground part was in the range of 0.11-0.33 mg · g(-1), dodecatetraenamide B was 0. 24-0.60 mg · g(-1), which were much lower than that of the underground part of ARR (dodecatetraenamide A was in the range of 0.73-3.89 mg · g(-1), dodecatetraenamide B was 2.11-6.24 mg · g(-1)). The method was certified to be simple, accurate and reliable and could be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of dodecatetraenamide A and B in different species of ARR, also can be used for the comprehensive quality control of traditional Chinese medicine, Asari Radix et Rhizoma.
Amides ; chemistry ; Asarum ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure ; Rhizome ; chemistry

Objective To use tri-operator breast blood oxygen imaging in diagnosis of early stage breast cancer.Methods To analysis and diagnosis eighty cases with the technology of breast blood oxygen imaging.Results The accurate rate of the diagnosis made by technology of breast blood oxygen imaging was 93.75%,the sensitivity of diagnosis was 90.63%,the specificity was 95.83%.Conclusions The technology of breast blood oxygen imaging without the radiation may be a better methods to diagnosis the breast diseases,which has the higher sensitivity than infrared rays examination on breast cancer diagnosis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficacy of oral sweet solutions in relieving pain caused by vaccination in infants aged 1 to 12 months.

METHODSRelated databases were searched to find related randomized control trails (RCTs). The quality of these RCTs was evaluated. The Meta analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3.

RESULTSA total of 20 RCTs involving 2 376 infants were included, and quality assessment showed that 6 RCTs had grade A quality and 14 had grade B quality. The Meta analysis showed that compared with sterile water, 25%-75% oral sweet solution significantly reduced crying time (WMD=-21.16, 95%CI -39.66 to -2.77, P<0.05) and the proportion of crying time (the duration of crying /3-minute periods after the injection) (WMD=-13.83, 95%CI -20.88 to -6.78, P<0.01), while the crying time showed no significant difference between the group treated with oral administration of 12% sucrose solution and non-intervention group. Co

ONCLUSIONSOral sweet solution (25%-75%; 2 mL) given 2 minutes before vaccination can effectively relieve the pain caused by vaccination in infants aged 1-12 months.

Crying ; Humans ; Infant ; Pain ; prevention & control ; Solutions ; Sucrose ; administration & dosage ; Vaccination ; adverse effects

Objective To evaluate the ability of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) as a prognostic indicator of renal function in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.Methods A total of 122 patients with CKD were collected,and patients with allergies to sulfur hexafluoride,pregnancy,cardiopulmonary insufficiency,urinary calculus and tumour were excluded.These patients were divided into estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR,ml·min1· (1.73 m2)-1] ≥60 group,eGFR 30-59 group and eGFR ＜ 30 group.CEUS was performed after an intravenous bolus injection of 1.5 ml SonoVue (BR1;Bracco Milan,Italy).Time-intensity curves (TICs) and quantitative indexes were created using QLAB quantification software.Followed up for 2 years,and patients with eGFR dropped 50％,double serum creatinine and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) were regarded as having kidney failure events.Risk factors related to kidney survival were investigated using a multivariate Cox regression model.Results One hundred patients were enrolled in the study,with 78％ patients in CKD 1-2 stages,16％ in CKD 3 stage and 6％ in CKD 4-5 stages.Patients were followed for a mean period of 14.1 months,ten (10％) patients exhibited composite kidney failure events.Among 3 groups,significant differences in the left kidney length derived peak intensity (DPI) were noted (P=0.014,P=0.010).Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the DPI was an independent factor of progression of kidney disease.Multiple linear regression showed that age,basic eGFR,peak intensity were associated with eGFR decline rate.Patients with DPI ＜ 12.27 db were less to recover from kidney disease progression as compared with patients with DPI≥ 12.27 db (P=0.008).The area under the curve (AUC) for DPI was 0.778(95％ CI 0.612-0.944,P＜ 0.05),with a sensitivity of 64％ and a specificity of 88％.Conclusions The DPI might be the most valuable CEUS parameter for the evaluation of renal function.The DPI could serve as an independent predictor of the long-term prognosis of CKD patients.

Receptors play a crucial role in determining the host specificity and tissue tropism of virus. Foot-and-mouth disease virus(FMDV)has been showed to use four integrins, ?v?1, ?v?3, ?v?6 and ?v?8 as receptors to initiate infection and ?v?6 functions as the major receptor.The cDNA encoding bactrian camel integrin ?6 from the lung tissue was cloned and sequenced. The 2367bp cDNA of bactrian camel integrin ?6 encodes a polypeptide of 788 amino acids consisting of a 26-residue putative signal peptide, a 681-residue ectodomain with 8 potential N-linked glycosylation sites and 58 cysteine residues, a 29-residue transmembrane domain, and a 52-residue cytoplasmic domain with a NPLY motif and 1 potential N-linked glycosylation site. The nucleotide sequence similarity of integrin ?6 between bactrian camel and cattle, pig, sheep, human, mouse, Norway rat is 91.1%、91.8%、90.6%、90.5%、83.7%、84.1%, and the amino acid sequence similarity is 94.3%、93.4%、93.4%、93.7%、88.7%、88.6%, respectively. The bactrian camel ?6 gene exhibited the higher sequence homology with the ?6 gene of cattle, pig and sheep, indicating their close genetic relationships. It is possible that host tropism of FMDV may related to divergence in ?6 receptors among different species.

To study the chemical constituents of Asarum himalaicum, fifteen compounds were isolated from a 70% ethanol extract by using a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative HPLC. By spectroscopic techniques including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HR-ESI-MS, these compounds were identified as 4-demethoxyaristolochic acid BII (1), aristolochic acid I (2), aristolochic acid Ia (3), 7-hydroxyaristolochic acid I (4), aristolochic acid IV (5), aristolic acid II (6), debilic acid (7), aristololactam I (8), 9-hydroxyaristololactam I (9), 7-methoxyaristololactam IV (10), (2S)-narigenin-5, 7-di-O-beta-D-pyranosylglucoside (11), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (12), 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (13), 4-hydroxycinnamic acid (14), and beta-sitosterol (15). All of these compounds (1-15) were obtained from A. himalaicum for the first time. Among them, 1 was identified as a new compound, and compounds 3-6, 9, 12-14 were isolated from Asarum genus for the first time. Since the kidney toxicity of aristolochic acids and aristololactams has been reported, the result of this investigation suggests that it should be cautioned to use A. himalaicum as a medicine.
Aristolochic Acids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Asarum ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Coumaric Acids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Hydroxybenzoates ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Parabens ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Propionates ; Sitosterols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

Adult ; Female ; Helicobacter Infections ; complications ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Hyperemesis Gravidarum ; etiology ; Pregnancy

Two pseudoseizures after head trauma are reported. We summarize the clinical manifestation of pseudoseizures, and identify difference of pseudoseizures and Seizures after head trauma. The forensic identification of pseudoseizures after head trauma should base on the extend and position of cerebral trauma, sequelae focus in cerebral, and the clinical manifestation.
Adult ; Craniocerebral Trauma/pathology* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Epilepsy, Post-Traumatic/pathology* ; Female ; Forensic Pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Seizures/pathology* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is an alternative source of hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation with success being associated with the total nucleated cell (TNC) count, CD34(+) cells and colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) content infused. This study was purposed to clarify the impact of maternal and neonatal factors on hematopoietic potential of UCB product. UCB samples were screened, processed, tested and cryopreserved according to the Standard Operation Procedure (SOP) of Guangzhou cord blood bank (GZCBB). Relationship of hematopoietic cell parameters with maternal and neonatal characteristics for 4615 UCB units was analyzed retrospectively. The results showed that both collected volume (Mean ± SD: 95.23 ± 22.42 ml; Median: 91.85 ml) and initial TNC [Mean ± SD: (1.34 ± 0.49) × 10(9); Median: 1.25 × 10(9)] correlated well with postprocessed TNC [Mean ± SD: (1.21 ± 0.42) × 10(9); Median: 1.14 × 10(9); p < 0.001], CD34(+)count [Mean ± SD: (5.14 ± 4.55) × 10(6); Median: 4.08 × 10(6); p < 0.001] and CFU-GM content [Mean ± SD: (9.72 ± 8.66) × 10(5); Median: 7.53 × 10(5); p < 0.001]. As for donor factors, only infant birth weight correlated strongly with volume collected and all hematopoietic cell parameters (p < 0.001). UCB samples from bigger babies had higher collected volume, TNC, CD34(+) count and CFU-GM content (p < 0.001). Mother's age had no correlation with all the above parameters. Gestational age correlated positively with initial/postprocessed TNC (p < 0.001) and negatively with CD34(+) count (p = 0.04), but no relation with collected volume and CFU-GM content. Cesarean section produced superior volume (Mean ± SD: 97.05 ± 22.23 ml vs 92.53 ± 22.43 ml; Median: 94.08 ml vs 88.82 ml; p < 0.001), but inferior cell count than vaginal delivery (p < 0.001). Male infants had more initial volume and CD34(+) count (Mean ± SD: 96.41 ± 22.31 ml vs 93.95 ± 22.47 ml; Median: 93.27 ml vs 90.14 ml; p < 0.001); [Mean ± SD: (5.28 ± 5.04) × 10(6) vs (5.00 ± 3.94) × 10(6); Median: 4.18 × 10(6) vs 3.94 × 10(6); p < = 0.042], but lower initial and postprocessed TNC than female ones [Mean ± SD: (1.31 ± 0.50) × 10(9) vs (1.37 ± 0.47) × 10(9); Median: 1.22 × 10(9) vs 1.28 × 10(9); p < 0.001]; [Mean ± SD: (1.18 ± 0.42) × 10(9) vs (1.24 ± 0.41) × 10(9); Median: 1.10 × 10(9) vs 1.17 × 10(9); p < 0.001], while no significant difference of CFU-GM were found between male and female infants. It is concluded that these data may be helpful to optimize the UCB donor selection and improve cost efficiency of UCB bank resource. The heavier infants after vaginal delivery should be selected and large-volume units with higher TNC should be chosen at first.
Adult ; Birth Weight ; Blood Banks ; methods ; Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Delivery, Obstetric ; Donor Selection ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; cytology ; immunology ; Gestational Age ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Maternal Age ; Pregnancy ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the methods and mechanisms of immune tolerance in cardiac transplantation.

METHODSMale DA rat hearts were transplanted to male Lewis rats using Ono's model and randomly divided into five groups: untreated, intravenous injection of 1 x 10(8) DA splenocytes to Lewis rat, intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg) to Lewis rat, intravenous injection of 1 x 10(8) DA splenocytes combined with intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg) to Lewis rat, multiple injection of DA rat splenocytes with intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide, 11 days later heart transplantation was performed. Mean survival time (MST), histological changes, mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), the role of interleukin-2 (IL-2) to MLR and the role of tolerant rat splenocytes to MLR were measured after operation.

RESULTSThe survival time of heart allografts in the group of multiple injection of DA rat splenocytes with intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide [MST: (85.3 +/- 7.5) d, t = 0, P < 0.01] was significantly longer than in the groups of untreated [MST: (7.3 +/- 1.0) d], intravenous injection of 1 x 10(8) DA splenocytes to Lewis rat [MST: (7.9 +/- 0.9) d], intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg) to Lewis rat [MST: (8.1 +/- 1.2) d], intravenous injection of 1 x 10(8) DA splenocytes combined with intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg) to Lewis rat [MST: (25.8 +/- 3.5) d]. Only a few inflammatory cells infiltrated in cardiac allografts in the group of multiple injection of DA rat splenocytes with intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide. MLR in the group of multiple injection of DA rat splenocytes with intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide were significantly decreased compared with those of normal control (t = 0, P < 0.01). IL-2 could partly reversed the hyporesponsiveness of MLR in tolerant rats, the tolerance could be transferred in vitro.

CONCLUSIONSMultiple injection of donor splenocytes combined with intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide to recipients could induce immune tolerance to cardiac allografts.

Adoptive Transfer ; Animals ; Cell Transplantation ; Cyclophosphamide ; pharmacology ; Graft Enhancement, Immunologic ; methods ; Graft Survival ; Heart Transplantation ; immunology ; Injections, Intravenous ; Isoantigens ; administration & dosage ; immunology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred BN ; Rats, Inbred Lew ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Rats, Wistar ; Spleen ; cytology ; Transplantation Tolerance ; drug effects ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; immunology