OBJECTIVE: To survey the problems encountered by parents when giving medicines to children, the parent's understanding of different preparations and their expectation for medication education, with the goal of finding possible intervention methods of safe medication of children at home. METHODS: The survey was conducted in Hangzhou Youth Palace with self-designed questionnaire. The respondents were all common parents. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The survey results suggested that there are a lot of problems in children's medication. It is very necessary to conduct safe medication education in parents by providing various forms of medication education products. The role of pharmacists in medication education of children need to be strengthened.

AIM To establish a ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadruple mass spectrometry (UPLC-QQQ-MS) method for the simultaneous content determination of notoginsenoside R1,ginsenoside Re,ginsenoside Rg1,ginsenoside Rb1,ginsenoside Rd,taurine,taurocholic acid,cholic acid,glycocholic acid,glycodeoxycholicacid,chenodeoxycholic acid,deoxycholic acid and muscone in Pientzehuang (Bovis Calculus,Moschus,Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma,etc.).METHODS The analysis of methanol extract of this drug was performed on a 40 ℃ thermostatic Waters CORTECS UPLC C18column (100 mm × 2.1 mm,1.6 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile-water (containing 0.1％ formic acid) flowing at 0.25 mL/min in a gradient elution manner.RESULTS Thirteen constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges (r ＞0.998 5),whose average recoveries were 91.1％-105.3％ with the RSDs of 2.4％-4.6％.CONCLUSION This accurate,simple,sensitive and reproducible method can be used for the quality control of Pientzehuang.

Objective To evaluate the ability of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) as a prognostic indicator of renal function in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.Methods A total of 122 patients with CKD were collected,and patients with allergies to sulfur hexafluoride,pregnancy,cardiopulmonary insufficiency,urinary calculus and tumour were excluded.These patients were divided into estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR,ml·min1· (1.73 m2)-1] ≥60 group,eGFR 30-59 group and eGFR ＜ 30 group.CEUS was performed after an intravenous bolus injection of 1.5 ml SonoVue (BR1;Bracco Milan,Italy).Time-intensity curves (TICs) and quantitative indexes were created using QLAB quantification software.Followed up for 2 years,and patients with eGFR dropped 50％,double serum creatinine and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) were regarded as having kidney failure events.Risk factors related to kidney survival were investigated using a multivariate Cox regression model.Results One hundred patients were enrolled in the study,with 78％ patients in CKD 1-2 stages,16％ in CKD 3 stage and 6％ in CKD 4-5 stages.Patients were followed for a mean period of 14.1 months,ten (10％) patients exhibited composite kidney failure events.Among 3 groups,significant differences in the left kidney length derived peak intensity (DPI) were noted (P=0.014,P=0.010).Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the DPI was an independent factor of progression of kidney disease.Multiple linear regression showed that age,basic eGFR,peak intensity were associated with eGFR decline rate.Patients with DPI ＜ 12.27 db were less to recover from kidney disease progression as compared with patients with DPI≥ 12.27 db (P=0.008).The area under the curve (AUC) for DPI was 0.778(95％ CI 0.612-0.944,P＜ 0.05),with a sensitivity of 64％ and a specificity of 88％.Conclusions The DPI might be the most valuable CEUS parameter for the evaluation of renal function.The DPI could serve as an independent predictor of the long-term prognosis of CKD patients.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the value of narrow band imaging (NBI) endoscopy in the detection of unknown primary tumor site with cervical lymph node metastases of squamous cell carcinoma.

METHODSFifty-three patients with cervical lymph node metastases of squamous cell carcinoma treated in our department between June 2009 and December 2011 were enrolled in this study. Their primary tumor site was not detected by routine computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and laryngoscopy. The nasopharyngolarynx was examined by NBI endoscopy to explore the primary tumor site.

RESULTSA total of 53 cases with cervical lymph node metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma from an unknown primary were examined under NBI endoscopy. The primary tumor site was confirmed by NBI examination in 47.2% (25/53) of patients, significantly better than routine radiology and endoscopy (0, P < 0.001). These primary tumors were small and superficial, with characteristic mucosal vascular morphologies. The superficial nasopharyngeal carcinomas under NBI examination showed the superficial thin branch-like or torturous line microvessels. The notable characteristics of the squamous cell carcinoma of oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx was the well demarcated brownish area and scattered brown dots.

CONCLUSIONThe NBI endoscopy can provide better visualization of the morphology of superficial mucosal vasculature and improve the ability to detect possible primary cancer in patients with primary unknown cervical lymph node metastasis.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma ; Carcinoma in Situ ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnosis ; secondary ; therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Narrow Band Imaging ; methods ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Neoplasms, Unknown Primary ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo investigate angiogenesis of collagen-chitosan porous scaffold, and to study survive of skin grafts on the scaffold after bilayer dermal equivalent (BDE) was transplanted on wounds with full thickness skin defects.

METHODSThe full thickness skin defects were made on 10 Bama miniature pigs and the BDE composed of collagen-chitosan porous scaffold and silicone membrane was transplanted on wound. Angiogenesis in dermal equivalent, wound healing, and healing and survive of skin grafts on dermal equivalent were observed in 1, 2, and 3 weeks after the BDE transplantation. At the same time, CD34 positive signals (neo-forming micro-vessels) were detected by immunohistochemical staining.

RESULTSInflammatory cells and fibroblasts infiltrated into dermal equivalent and a few new micro-vessels had been formed in 1 week after the BDE transplantation; neo-forming micro-vessels perpendicular to wound bed had increased significantly in 2 weeks after the BDE transplantation; neo-forming micro-vessels could be observed in almost all dermal equivalents in 3 weeks after the BDE transplantation. CD34 positive signals (neo-forming micro-vessels) in 3 weeks after the BDE transplantation was much more than those in 2 weeks after the BDE transplantation, and CD34 positive signals in 2 weeks after the BDE transplantation was much more than those in 1 week after the BDE transplantation. Survival rate of intermediate split thickness skin graft were 10%, 70% and 100% respectively after the skin grafts had been grafted for 2 weeks on surface of the scaffold which had been transplanted for 1, 2 and 3 weeks. Epidermis which had been grafted on surface of the scaffold for 1 or 2 weeks could perfectly survive after BDE had been transplanted for 1 or 2 weeks.

CONCLUSIONSCollagen-chitosan porous scaffold plays a very important role in wound healing of full thickness skin defect and can induce fibroblast infiltration and new micro-vessel formation. Epidermis grafted on surface of collagen-chitosan porous scaffold can perfectly repair wounds, and it has brilliant applied prospects in repairing skin defect.

Animals ; Chitosan ; Collagen ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Graft Survival ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Silicones ; Skin ; injuries ; Skin Transplantation ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature ; Tissue Scaffolds ; Wound Healing

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the associations of perception of safety atmosphere at workplace, occupational safety attitude and behaviors with occupational unintentional injury among manufacturing workers.

METHODSA cross-sectional study was performed and a self-administered questionnaire was used to inquire socio-demographic characteristics, perceived safety atmosphere, occupational safety attitudes, occupational safety behaviors and occupational unintentional injuries among 10585 manufacturing workers selected from 46 enterprises in Guangdong. Structural equation modeling was applied to assess the relationship of the perception of safety atmosphere at workplace, occupational safety attitude, and occupational safety behaviors with occupational unintentional injury.

RESULTSAmong 24 pathways supposed in structural equation model, 20 pathways (except for the attitude toward occupational safety, the attitude toward managers' support, the work posture and individual protection) were significantly related to the occupational unintentional injuries. The further analysis indicated that the perceived safety atmosphere might impact the occupational unintentional injuries by the attitude toward occupational safety and occupational safety behaviors.

CONCLUSIONWorkers' perception of safety atmosphere indirectly influenced on occupational unintentional injuries through occupational safety attitudes and occupational safety behaviors.

Accidents, Occupational ; prevention & control ; statistics & numerical data ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Attitude ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Workplace ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo assess the diagnostic value of multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) for detection of common chromosome aneuploidy in amniotic fluid (AF) cells in order to obtain an accurate, rapid, cost-effective and high-throughput method in routine prenatal clinical practice.

METHODSThe MLPA test was performed on 500 AF samples by using kit P095 and the results were obtained by using analysis software RH-MLPA-v511. The results were compared with that from fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and traditional karyotyping (TK). The technical critical issues were analyzed in routine diagnostic application.

RESULTSThe absolute specificity and sensitivity of the MLPA test to detect the aneuploidy were 100%. For the 500 AF samples, the success rate of the MLPA tests was 97%. Among them 92% were finished within three working days and 5% required more days for repeating. The test failure rate was 3%. The results confirmed that for the 38 detectable aneuploid samples, the probe reliability weighted mean ratio values were more than 4SD compared to normal diploids and the 2 suspected trisomy samples were more than 2SD. In this study, authors analyzed hybridization efficiencies of 8 probes for chromosome 21, and the presence of a trisomy was considered if at least 4 of the 8 probes gave probe ratio of >1.3.

CONCLUSIONThedata suggested that MLPA is a rapid, simple and reliable method for large scale testing for aneuploidy of chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X, or Y in AF. The MLPA technology is complementary to AF culture and valuable for prenatal diagnosis.

Amniotic Fluid ; cytology ; Aneuploidy ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 ; Female ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ; methods ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Trisomy ; diagnosis ; genetics

Objective To study the changes of plasma normetanephrine(NMN) and metanephrine(MN) during the resection of adrenal pheochromocytoma. Methods Fourteen patients with adrenal pheocromocytoma and 9 patients with adrenal cortex tumor were recruited in our study. Blood samples were obtained at these time points: after anesthesia induction,the beginning of incision of skin, when exploring the tumor,resection of the tumor, and the end of anesthesia. The NMN and MN were determined by high performance liquid chromatogram (HPLC). Results NMN were obviously different among 5 time points in the patients with adrenal pheocromocytoma (P0.05). No significant difference was found between NMN and MN in the patients with adrenal cortex tumor. Conclusion NMN has markedly changed during the resection of adrenal pheochromocytoma, while MN has been relatively stable. The anesthesia induction and exploring of the tumor are the key of a successful operation. MN is the stable index in the diagnosis of adrenal pheochromocytoma.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the risk factors for depressive disorders in manufacturing workers and to provide a basis for developing health promotion measures at workplace.

METHODSA questionnaire survey was performed in 8085 front-line production workers from 33 manufacturing enterprises in Nanhai District of Foshan, Guangdong Province, China. The questionnaire contained a survey of demographic characteristics, the Safety Climate Scale, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, etc. The multilevel logistic regression analysis was applied to investigate the risk factors for depressive disorders in workers.

RESULTSA total of 6260 workers completed the survey; their mean age was 31.1 ± 8.6 years, and 53.2% of them were males. The multilevel logistic regression analysis showed that after adjustment for sociodemographic factors such as age, sex, and martial status, more depressive disorders were reported in the enterprises with higher score of "production safety training" than in those with lower score (OR = 1.46, 95%CI = 1.07 ∼ 1.97); fewer depressive disorders were reported in the enterprises with higher score of "colleagues concerned about production safety" than in those with lower score (OR = 0.08, 95%CI = 0.03 ∼ 0.26); the relationships of "safety warnings and precautions" and "managers concerned about production safety" with workers' depressive disorders were not statistically significant (OR = 0.78, 95%CI = 0.48 ∼ 1.28; OR = 1.08, 95%CI = 0.68 ∼ 1.72).

CONCLUSIONDepressive disorders in manufacturing workers are related to the safety climate at workplace, which indicates that a good safety climate at workplace should be created to prevent and control depressive disorders in workers.

Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Health ; Safety ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Workplace ; Young Adult

Objective To study the integrity of informed consent form (ICF) for the minors.Methods The ICFs of 43 clinical trials conducted in our hospital during 2012 to 2015 were collected to study the missing rate of elements according to the elements list of ICF arranged by our hospital medical ethics committee.Initial review notification letters were consulted to analyze the concerns of ethical review.Results The ratios of ICF integrity (＞ 60％) were 54.54％,87.50％ and 100.00％respectively in 2012-2013,2014 and 2015.Compared with the integrity in 2012-2013,there were significandy different (P ＜ 0.05).There was no statistically significant difference between the integrity in 2014 and 2015 (P ＞0.05).In ICFs of legal guardian,there was statistically significant difference among drug,medical instrument and in vitro diagnostic regen clinical trial (P ＜0.01).The ratio of ICF integrity (＞80％) was 57.69％ in drug clinical trial,and there were none in medical instrument and in vitro diagnostic regen clinical trial.The integrity of all the ICFs of the minors,which were all from drug clinical trial,were over 60％,and the ratio of the integrity (＞ 80％) was 45.45％.The excellent and good rate of foreign sponsors' ICFs integrity was 100％,and that of the domestic sponsors' was only 33.33％.There was statistically significant difference between them (P ＜ 0.01).The major missing elements were consistent with the concerns of ethical review:the lack of special ICFs for the minors to read and the age group to obtain informed consent.Conclusion To improve the quality of ICFs and design the suitable ones for the minors will be good for protecting the rights and interests of subjects and promoting the development of clinical trial of minors.