0.05).Conclusion There may be no significant difference in sensory block,motor block and prevalence of adverse effects between injection rates of 0.27 mL/s and 0.04 mL/s in spinal anesthesia with 20 mg isobaric ropivacaine.

Objective To investigate effects of magnetic stimulation on apoptosis of nerve cells and the production of inducible nitric oxidate synthase (iNOS) after spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods Thirty-two SpragueDawley male rats were randomly divided into a magnetic stimulation group (n = 16) and a control group (n = 16).SCI models were established by spinal cord transection in both groups. Rats were sacrificed at the 6th, 12th, 24th and 72nd hour post-injury, but the rats in the stimulation group received magnetic stimulation before being sacrificed.Apoptosis index (AI) and iNOS-positive cells rate were recorded at each time point. Results Apoptotic cells could be observed by the 6th hour post-injury, and were elevated from the 24th to the 72th hour. iNOS-positive cells were few at the first two time points, but had increased significantly at the 24th and 72nd hour post-injury. Compared with the control group, the apoptosis index of the stimulation group decreased a little at the 6th and 12th hour, but not significantly. The difference was quite significant at the 24th and 72nd hour, however, and the AI in the stimulation group decreased much more than that in the control group. There was little difference in the rate of iNOS-positive cells between the control and stimulation groups at any time point. Conclusions Magnetic stimulation could inhibit neural apoptosis and protect neurons from secondary SCI, but it has little effect on iNOS production.

Objective To investigate 4 variants single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein(ALOX5AP) in lipoxygenase pathway and in cytochrome P450 pathway as susceptibility genes for stroke in a southeastern Chinese population,and evaluate the associations between susceptibility genes and cerebral infarction,to find whether gene-gene interactions increase the risk of cerebral infarction.Methods By case-control study,two hundred and ninety-two patients with cerebral infarction and 259 healthy control subjects were included.Eight variants in 5 candidate genes were examined for stroke risk,including the SG13S32 (rs9551963),SG13S42 (rs4769060),SG13S89 (rs4769874),and SG13Sl14 (rs10507391) variants of the ALOX5AP gene,the G860A (rs751141) variant of the soluble epoxide hydrolase (EPHX2) gene,the A1075C (rs1057910) variant of the CYP2C9 *2 gene,the C430T (rs1799853) variant of the CYP2C9* 3 gene,and the A6986G (rs776746) variant of the CYP3A5 gene.Gene-gene interactions were explored using generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR)methods.Results There were no statistically significant differences in the frequencies of the genotypes of the 8 candidate genes.The GMDR analysis showed a significant gene-gene interaction between SG13S114 and A6986G,with scores of 10 for cross-validation consistency and 9 for the sign test (P =0.011).These genegene interactions predicted a significantly higher risk of cerebral infarction (adjusted for age,hypertension,and diabetes mellitus;OR =1.804,95％ CI 1.180-2.759,P =0.006).Conclusions A two-loci gene interaction confers significantly higher risk for cerebral infarction.The combinational analysis used in this study may be helpful in the elucidation of genetic risk factors for common and complex diseases.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of contrast-enhanced transrectal ultrasound(CE-TRUS) in the perineal prostate biopsy. Methods A total of 116 patients was undergone prostate biopsy through the perineum under the direction of tansrectal ultrasound. Prostate biopsy standard was based on 2007 CUA revised guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of urological diseases.Color Doppler ultrasonography was used to check the prostate and to learn the prostate focal lesion,size, number and echo color Doppler flow characteristics. Of the 116 cases, 43 patients was undergone contrast-enhanced transrectal ultrasound. Results The biopsy results confirmed the diagnosis of prostate cancer was 64 cases, Benign prostatic hyperplasia was 52 cases. Of 43 cases who undergone contrast-enhanced transrectal ultrasound, Prostate cancer and Benign prostatic hyperplasia were 25 and 18 cases, respectively. CE-TRUS group and TRUS group showed no statistical difference between two groups. Analyzed the cases with PSA≤30 ng/ml, CE-TRUS group had a higher positive rate of biopsy (P=0.046). Conclusion TRUS guided transperineal biopsy of prostate might be an method for the diagnosis of prostate cancer with a higher accuracy rate. CE-TRUS can improve the biopsy positive rate of prostate cancer.

Spinal cord injury is a difficult medical problem and need to be solved urgently.Application of tissue engineering to repair spinal cord injury has gradually become a hot spot.It is important to prevent the development of scar tissue while inducing cells' regeneration by using scaffold.Nanotechnology has improved the performance of scaffold because of its superiority.Nanoscaffold has obvious advantages compared with the traditional scaffolds.New scaffold materials can be obtained by nanotechnology.Nanoscaffold can also serve as a good drug carrier,and it may have beneficial effects on biological behaviors of seed cells on its surface,such as differentiation,proliferation and migration,which may promote tissue regeneration and functional recovery and get good results in repairment of spinal cord injury.This article summarized the research progress in recent years in nano spinal cord engineering scaffolds in order to provide a reference for research in related fields.

Objective To determine the effect of mild hypothermia on neonatal piglet cardiac hemodynamic function after hypoxia-ischemia (HI).Method Twenty five 7-day-old piglets were used for hypoxic ischemic brain damage (HIBD) model by the method of temporary occlusion of the bilateral carotid arteries and followed by mechanical ventilation with low concentration of oxygen (FiO_2=6%) for 30 minutes.The piglets were randomly divided into three groups:group A (normothermia with body temperature to 39℃,n=9),group B (body temperature to 36℃for 72 hours,n=8),and group C (body temperature to 34℃for 72 hours,n=8).Mild hypothermia was initiated at 4 hours after HI,the systolic and diastole function were evaluated by Doppler echocardiography at pre-HI,post-Hi 4 hours and post-HI 72 hours.Results There were no significant differences in left ventrieular ejection time/left ventrieular ejection time (LPEP/LVEF),right ventricular ejection acceleration time/right ventricular ejection time (RACT/RVET) and CO at post-HI with hypothermia 72 hours in three groups,but the heart rate decreased in B and group C group.Compared with nonnothermia,mild hypothermia treatment showed no significant differences in MAP,LPEP/LVET,RACT/RVET,CO,SV at post-HI with hypothermia 72 hours.Conclusions Body temperature decreased by 3～5℃for 72 hours will not aggravate hemodynamic abnormity.

Objective To investigate surgical technique and clinical efficacy of Sky bone ex- pander kyphoplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral body compression fractures.Methods Eighteen cases with osteoporotic vertebral body compression fractures were treated with Sky bone expander kyphoplasty from August 2004 to November 2005.Under the local anesthesia,3.5-5ml of bone cements were injected into each pathologic vertebral body through unipedicle approach after reduction procedure was done with Sky bone expander.Results The postoperative follow-up ranged from 3 to 11 months, with an average of 4.5 months.Back pain was effectively relieved after the operation in all cases.No complications occurred.Conclusion The Sky bone expander kyphoplasty has the advantages of safe- ty,easy operation,minimal invasion,effective restoration of the vertebral body height and fast relief of pain.

Objective: Para-aortic lymph node dissection (PALND) is a widely used treatment that causes many complications. This study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nerve-sparing para-aortic lymph node dissection (NSPALND) by comparing it with conventional PALND in gynecological malignancies and to prove whether locating the superior hypogastric plexus (SHP) can help reveal the para-aortic nerves. Methods: This is a retrospective study of the patients who underwent para-aortic lymphadenectomy from January 2020 to December 2022 at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital. All of them were divided into NSPALND and PALND groups according to whether or not nervesparing was performed. The surgical, functional and oncological outcomes were evaluated. Results: There were 43 patients enrolled, of which, 20 patients underwent NSPALND and 23 patients underwent PALND. The para-aortic nerves were successfully revealed by locating the SHP in all 20 cases of NSPALND. The post-operative anal exhaust time in the NSPALND group was significantly shorter than that in the PALND group (2.5 vs. 4 days, p=0.006), and the incidence of acute intestinal obstruction in the NSPALND group was significantly lower than that in the PALND group (10% vs. 39%, p=0.029). There was no difference between the two groups in terms of catheterization duration, urinary retention, dysuria, as well as the number of lymph nodes removed and the para-aortic recurrence rate. Conclusion NSPALND can significantly reduce the rate of acute intestinal obstruction and improve post-operative intestinal function. Locating the SHP and using it as an anatomical landmark to reveal the para-aortic nerves is feasible. Its exact clinical value needs to be further studied.

Objective: Para-aortic lymph node dissection (PALND) is a widely used treatment that causes many complications. This study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nerve-sparing para-aortic lymph node dissection (NSPALND) by comparing it with conventional PALND in gynecological malignancies and to prove whether locating the superior hypogastric plexus (SHP) can help reveal the para-aortic nerves. Methods: This is a retrospective study of the patients who underwent para-aortic lymphadenectomy from January 2020 to December 2022 at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital. All of them were divided into NSPALND and PALND groups according to whether or not nervesparing was performed. The surgical, functional and oncological outcomes were evaluated. Results: There were 43 patients enrolled, of which, 20 patients underwent NSPALND and 23 patients underwent PALND. The para-aortic nerves were successfully revealed by locating the SHP in all 20 cases of NSPALND. The post-operative anal exhaust time in the NSPALND group was significantly shorter than that in the PALND group (2.5 vs. 4 days, p=0.006), and the incidence of acute intestinal obstruction in the NSPALND group was significantly lower than that in the PALND group (10% vs. 39%, p=0.029). There was no difference between the two groups in terms of catheterization duration, urinary retention, dysuria, as well as the number of lymph nodes removed and the para-aortic recurrence rate. Conclusion NSPALND can significantly reduce the rate of acute intestinal obstruction and improve post-operative intestinal function. Locating the SHP and using it as an anatomical landmark to reveal the para-aortic nerves is feasible. Its exact clinical value needs to be further studied.

Objective: Para-aortic lymph node dissection (PALND) is a widely used treatment that causes many complications. This study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nerve-sparing para-aortic lymph node dissection (NSPALND) by comparing it with conventional PALND in gynecological malignancies and to prove whether locating the superior hypogastric plexus (SHP) can help reveal the para-aortic nerves. Methods: This is a retrospective study of the patients who underwent para-aortic lymphadenectomy from January 2020 to December 2022 at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital. All of them were divided into NSPALND and PALND groups according to whether or not nervesparing was performed. The surgical, functional and oncological outcomes were evaluated. Results: There were 43 patients enrolled, of which, 20 patients underwent NSPALND and 23 patients underwent PALND. The para-aortic nerves were successfully revealed by locating the SHP in all 20 cases of NSPALND. The post-operative anal exhaust time in the NSPALND group was significantly shorter than that in the PALND group (2.5 vs. 4 days, p=0.006), and the incidence of acute intestinal obstruction in the NSPALND group was significantly lower than that in the PALND group (10% vs. 39%, p=0.029). There was no difference between the two groups in terms of catheterization duration, urinary retention, dysuria, as well as the number of lymph nodes removed and the para-aortic recurrence rate. Conclusion NSPALND can significantly reduce the rate of acute intestinal obstruction and improve post-operative intestinal function. Locating the SHP and using it as an anatomical landmark to reveal the para-aortic nerves is feasible. Its exact clinical value needs to be further studied.