OBJECTIVE:To survey and evaluate the present situation and trends of antidiabetic agents used in hospitals of southwest China so as to provide information for the production,sale and consumption units.METHODS:To investigate the antidiabetic agents used in60hospitals of southwest China during the period2000～2002in respect to the sum of money of consumption,Kinds of drugs,DDDs and DDC.RESULTS:In recent3years,the annual increasing rates of consumption of oral antidiabetic agents and insulin injection were14.12%and42.09%,the proportions of costs for the oral antidiabetic agents and insulin injections in total consumption of antidiabetic agents were67.20%and32.78%respectively.CONCLUSION:The use of insulin is increasing quickly and the new dosage has developmental future.The Metformin and Glipizide are the important oral antidiabetic agents.

Objective To investigate the biodistribution,excretion and other pharmacokinetics,of 188Re-1-hydroxy-1,1-ethylidene disodium phosphonate (HEDP) in cancer patients with osseous metastases who were suffering form bone pain. Methods A single dose (20,30,40,and 50 MBq/kg,10 patients in every group) of 188Re-HEDP was administered as a bolus injection,meanwhile dynamic images on patient's chest were collected for 30 min. Anterior and posterior whole-body images were obtained at 1,2,4,5,12,24,36,48,60 and 72 h after injection of 188Re-HEDP. By region of interest (ROI) technology,the curve of time-background corrected counts of left cardiac ventricle could be generated,and the background-corrected counts of various organs and total whole body could be calculated as a geometric mean using the anterior and posterior scans,and transformed to the percentage injected dose ( % ID). Urine was collected after injection of 188Re-HEDP. Counts of urine were measured by γ counter. Analysis of variance and t-test were used. Results Linear relationship of metabolism of 188Re-HEDP was observed in the doses from 20 to 50 MBq/kg,with correlation coefficient r2 = 0. 9376. A two-compartment model was the best fit for metabolism of 188Re-HEDP with the parameters median area under curve (AUC) 3.32 × 105,3.97 × 105,7.83 × 105,8.58 ×105,respectively; median α 0.06,0.05,0.04,0.06 respectively; median β 1.16 ×10-3,1.16 × 10-3,1.03 × 10-3,1.15 × 10 -3 respectively; median A 3591.21,4858.23,5642. 48,4167.05 respectively; median B 293.97,352.95,614.41,1063.82 respectively; median T1/2(α) 12.51,12.83,15.41,12.02 min respectively; median T1/2(β) 595.47,596.50,673.09,600.93 min respectively in the doses of 20,30,40and 50 MBq/kg. 188Re-HEDP was taken up mainly by bone up to 40% ID at 4 h. Urine profile showed that 66.79 % ID was eliminated within 24 h,being its 74% collected along the first 5 h after-administration.Conclusions In the doses of 20,30,40 and 50 MBq/kg,metabolism of 188Re-HEDP presented linear model. Pharmacokinetics of 188 Re-HEDP followed a two-compartment model administrated by blood vessel.Following injection,188 Re-HEDP was taken up mainly by bone and excreted by uropoietic system.

Arterio-Arterial Fistula ; surgery ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; Catheterization ; Coronary Vessels ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

CAS (Chrome azurol S) assay was a universal method for detecting the bacterial siderophores, and Sugar-Asn liquid medium has been applied to the studies on siderophores from Pieudomonas. In this paper, Asp has been substituted for Asn, and MSA-CAS agar plate was developed by integrating the MSA (sugar-Asp) medium and CAS bright blue dye, which has been used in the universal CAS assay. On the aspect of siderophores detection , 8 strains of 7 species from Pseudomonas had been screened on MSA-CAS agar plates and universal CAS assay respectively. The results showed that MSA-CAS agar was higher-sensitive and lower basic fluorescent than universal CAS assay.

A novel stable blue agar plate which is convenient to preparing and more effective than the universal chrome azurol sulfonate (CAS) assay established by Schwyn and Neilands was designed by replacing MM9 growth medium and pipes with certain concentrate of phosphorus buffer solution which pH could be stabled at 6.8. It is more suitable for screening over- siderophores production bacteria. Since OD_ 630 of the sample is usually out of the range of spectrophotometer with CAS assay solution when quantifying the siderophores and the outcome is not steady,the measuring wavelength had been changed to 680 nm corresponding to the middle of max absorbance and the correlation between siderophores concentrations and OD was unchanged. But the detecting sensitivity is elevated by enlarged the absorbance differences among samples with different productivity of siderophores at 680 nm .

Objective To analyze the changes of primary disease and demography of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who started dialysis between 2008 and 2013 in Zhejiang province, in order to provide statistical support for the improvement of dialysis quality.Methods The study retrospectively reviewed all the incident ESRD patients on dialysis registered in Zhejiang Dialysis Quality Control Center from 2008 to 2013.Their demographics and primary cause were investigated.Stratified analysis based on dialysis modality, duration and age were conducted.Results A total of 26 310 incident ESRD patients who started dialysis between 2008 and 2013 in Zhejiang were selected, among which 14 886 cases were male and 11 424 cases were female (male: female: 1.30: 1).The study gave priority to patients aged 45 and above (73.9％), with an average age of (55.7± 16.1) years.The top primary disease was chronic glomerulonephritis (51.3％), followed by diabetic nephropathy (17.3％) and hypertensive nephrosclerosis (6.4％).From 2008 to 2013, the incidence of dialysis was 46.3, 60.1, 71.2, 85.8, 104.1, and 119.9 per million population respectively.The average age of patients was increased year by year, from 52.4, 53.3, 54.8, 56.0, 56.9, to 57.6 years.The share of peritoneal dialysis, as well as the promotion of diabetic nephropathy in primary disease was on the rise.With the increase of age, the proportion of primary diseases such as diabetic nephropathy and hypertension nephrnsclerosis was increased.Conclusions In Zhejiang province, incident dialysis patients increase annually.More males than females are on dialysis.The average age and proportion of peritoneal dialysis are rising.The leading cause is chronic glomerulonephritis, but the incidence of diabetic nephropathy is on the increase, which requires attention.

Objective:To analyze 916 cases of endoscopically diagnozed reflux esophagitis(RE) and to explore the endoscopic and clinicopathologic characteristics of RE.Methods:Totally 916 RE patients from Lixiahe district in Jiangsu province(1997 2002) were graded with criterion made in Chinese Yantai in 1999.Some cases were subjected to pathology,age,sex,symptoms,endoscopic manifestations and pathology variety examination.Results:The incidence of RE was for 7.4% in endoscopic checked patients(916/12 376).The male to female ratio was 2.2∶1,mean age was (54.42?15.05),patients above 60 years old accounted for 46.5%.Only 32.6% of RE patients had typical reflux symptoms(426/916,299/916).Endoscopic diagnosis focused on Chinese Yantai standardⅠ Ⅱ (85.3%,781/916),pathology diagnosis focused on light to moderate degree,secondary RE was common in severe degree.Some patients were accompanied by bile reflux,esophagus gap hernia and peptic ulcer.Conclusion:The incidence of RE in Lixiahe district in Jiangsu province is rather high,it is common in middle aged and senior male patients(Ⅰ Ⅱ).Pathology variety is chiefly scalelike epithelial proliferation filled with chronic inflammatory cells.It was partly accompanied by atypical proliferation,erosion and ulcer,appearance of early cancer was occasionally found.The sensitivity of clinic symptoms diagnosis is lower than endoscopic diagnosis which is simple and of great value.

Objective To investigate the value of pulse-indicate continuous cardiac output(PICCO) in septic shock patients.Methods In a retrospective study,58 patients who were diagnosed to be suffering from septic shock in the intensive care unit (ICU) were enrolled,from January 2010 to December 2011,and were divided into two groups:PICCO group(n =28) and the conventional group (n =30).We compared their 6 h-EGDT compliance rate,the level of lactate and central venous pressure (CVP),the oxygenation index,the characteristics of fluid intake and balance within 72 hours,duration of mechanical ventilation,and ICU stay of the two groups.The incidence of MODS after 72 hours in ICU,28-day mortality were recorded and compared.Results (1) Fluid intake((9565 ±1623) ml vs (12245±2253) ml,t=2.673,P=0.021) and balance ((3656 ± 1904) ml vs (5465 ± 2765) ml,t =2.357,P =0.012) were significantly lower in PICCO group compared the conventional group within 72 hours.(2) The oxygenation index ((252.6 ± 87.4) vs (226.8 ± 69.4),P ＜ 0.05) in PICCO group increased significantly and duration of mechanical ventilation ((134.7 ±42.8) h vs (193.3 ± 92.4) h,t =1.356,P =0.023) reduced significantly compared with the conventional group after 72 hours.(3) There was no difference in the 6 h-EGDT compliance rate,the level of lactate and CVP,6 h EGDT,ICU stay,the incidence rate of MODS after 72 hours,28-day mortality in ICU(P ＞0.05).Conclusion In contrast with classic methods as CVP monitoring,PICCO catheter may assess more accurately the volume status and guide early fluid resuscitation in septic shock patients.

Balloon Occlusion ; adverse effects ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Contraindications ; Humans ; Postoperative Complications ; prevention & control

Adult ; Angioplasty, Balloon ; methods ; Arteriovenous Malformations ; complications ; therapy ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; complications ; therapy ; Humans ; Jugular Veins ; Male ; Vena Cava, Inferior ; abnormalities