AIM: To observe the immunoregulation of all ogeneic cornea on the human peripheral blood T lymphocytes in vitro. METHODS: After Co-culture of human peripheral blood lymphocytes and allogeneic cornea in vitro, T lymphocytes were labeled by monoclonal ant ibody, and analyzed by fluorescent activated cell sorter (FACS). RESULTS: CD25 expression on T lymphocytes in control was 25.2%, after stimulated by the allogeneic cornea or PDB, CD25 expression on T lymphocy tes was 56.8% and 80.9%, respectively. After stimulated by the allogeneic corn ea, CD25 expression on CD 4+ or CD 8+ T lymphocytes were 67.3% and 52.3% , respectively. CONCLUSION: Allageneic cornea stimulates CD25 expression on huma n peripheral blood T lymphocytes, and the CD25 expression on CD 4+ T lymphocy tes is more prominent than CD 8+ T lymphocytes.

OBJECTIVETo explore the influence of the DNA repair gene ERCC2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs13181, rs1618536, and rs1799793 on male idiopathic infertility in Ningxia, China.

METHODSUsing MassArray, we conducted a case-control study and genotyped three ERCC2 SNPs rs13181, rs1618536, and rs1799793 for 351 males (aged 31.0 +/- 4.2 years) with idiopathic infertility and another 327 normal fertile men (aged 33.0 +/- 5.9 years) as controls.

RESULTSThe ERCC2 AnyG-anyA-anyA genotypes were significantly associated with an increased risk of idiopathic infertility (OR 0.414, 95% CI 0.176 - 0.970), while the three single ERCC2 SNPs rs13181, rs1618536, and rs1799793 showed no significant differences between the cases and controls (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe ERCC2 SNPs rs13181, rs1618536, and rs1799793 play a role of interaction in male idiopathic infertility in Ningxia, contributing to the risk of the disease.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; DNA Repair ; Genotype ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; genetics ; Male ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein ; genetics

Objective:To investigate the effect of paraformaldehyde fixation on measuring the protein-protein interaction by fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET)to resolve the problem of FRET efficiency calculation in excess-movement cells.Methods:The C terminals of TCR ? chain(TRA)and TCR ? chain(TRB)genes,which were ideal for protein-protein interaction research,were fused with ECFP and EYFP gene respectively by fusion PCR and transferred into target cell.A grou Pcells were fixed in paraformaldehyde(0.5%)for 0.5~1h and another left alive,then these cells were subject to ECFP/EYFP FRET calculation with confocal laser scanning microscope.The ECFP/EYFP FRET efficiencies in live and fixed cell were analyzed and compared.Results:There is no significant statistical difference between the ECFP/EYFP FRET efficiencies of live cell and cell fixed with lower paraformaldehyde concentration and shorter incubation time.Conclusion:fixation with low-concentration paraformaldehyde and short-time incubation has no distinct influence on measuring protein-protein interaction,and facilitated the FRET calculation in excess-movement cells.

OBJECTIVETo explore the etiological factors of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BP-PV).

METHODSThe clinical data of 145 patients with BPPV were retrospectively reviewed. The impacts of gender and age on BPPV were analyzed. The relationship between the onset of BPPV and the internal ear ischemia was also explored.

RESULTSThe abnormality rate of auditory brainstem response (ABR) under high stimulus rate was 59.3% (86/145) in all the patients with, including 22.1% (32/145) in male and 37.2% (54/ 145) in female (P > 0.05). The abnormality rate of ABR under high stimulus rate were 37.9% (55/145) and 21.4% (31/145) in middle-aged (30-55 years) and old ( > 55 years) patients, respectively (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe onset of BPPV may relate to ischemic internal ear but is not relevant with gender and age.

Adult ; Age Factors ; Age of Onset ; Aged ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Time Factors ; Vertigo ; etiology ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVELennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is one of the most severe and refractory form of childhood epilepsy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical and EEG characteristics of patients with LGS.

METHODSSixty-two patients with LGS, including 37 males and 25 females, were followed-up regularly per three months or per six months, therapy was adjusted according to the changes in seizures and EEG, and the clinical data were analyzed in detail.

RESULTSThe onset occurred between the age of 8 months and 12 years, with the peak at 1-4 years of age, accounting for 61%; a late onset which occurred after 8 years of age, was unusual. Furthermore, one patient who developed LGS at the age of 13 years and remained to have all the features of seizures and EEG at 35 years of age was identified as adult's LGS. Forty-three patients were classified as symptomatic, perinatal events were the predominant factors in this group. The others were cryptogenic. It was noted that 11 cases had a history of West syndrome. A transformation process from West syndrome to LGS was observed in another 7 cases. Every patient had two or more seizure types during the course of the disease; tonic seizure, atypical absence seizure, head drop or sudden falls were the characteristic types. The degree of mental deficit was variable from slight to profound deterioration, but mental and behavioral disturbances existed in every case as a rule. In all cases electroencephalogram (EEG) background was abnormal and consisted of diffuse slow spike-and-waves (1-1.5CPS), predominant in frontal and temporal regions. Twenty-four cases had the polyspike-wave. Bursts of fast rhythms (10-14CPS) were observed in 29 patients during sleep. The choice of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) was based on the seizure types; routinely, 2 or more kinds of AEDs were used in combination, the classic drugs, valproate and clonazepam were firstly recommended; the other drugs, such as lamotrigine and topiramate that are used as add-on therapy were further consideration. Although the total effect was not satisfactory, the severity and frequency of seizures in almost all cases had lessened to some extent.

CONCLUSIONLGS shows diverse manifestations; comprehensive diagnosis is crucial, active and efficacious treatment can improve the mental and behavioral development and prognosis as a whole.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsies, Myoclonic ; complications ; pathology ; therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Intellectual Disability ; complications ; Male ; Spasms, Infantile ; complications ; Syndrome ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

The rhizome of Panax japonicus var. major have been used as the natural medicinal agent by Chinese traditional doctors for more than thousand years. Most of the therapeutic effects of P. japonicus var. major had been reported due to the presence of tetracyclic or pentacyclic triterpene saponins. In this study, Illumina pair-end RNA-sequencing and de novo splicing were done in order to understand the pathway of triterpenoid saponins in this species. The valid reads data of 15. 6 Gb were obtained. The 62 240 unigenes were finally obtained by de novo splicing. After annotation, we discovered 19 unigenes involved in ginsenoside backbone biosynthesis. Additionally, 69 unigenes and 18 unigenes were predicted to have potential function of cytochrome P450 and UDP-glycosyltransferase based on the annotation results, which may encode enzymes responsible for ginsenoside backbone modification. This study provides global expressed datas for P. japonicus var. major, which will contribute significantly to further genome-wide research and analysis for this species.
Gene Expression Profiling ; Panax ; genetics ; Saponins ; biosynthesis ; Sequence Analysis, RNA

Objective To establish a method of detecting hepatitis B virus x antigen (HBxAg) and antibody to HBxAg (anti-HBx) and to demonstrate its clinical significance of HBxAg and anti-HBx in sera from patients of chronic hepatitis B (CHB),liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Full length HBx gene was cloned into pET30a(+),a prokaryotic expression vector,named pET30a-X.It was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3),followed the fusion protein of HBx-His was induced by IPTG.The purified fusion protein was used to immunize rabbit as an antigen to generate polyclonal antibody to HBx protein.The method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was established by using purified fusion protein and generated antibody,which was used to detect HBxAg and anti-HBx in sera from patients of CHB,LC,HCC and normal healthy people.Results The positive rates of HBxAg/anti-HBx were 8.7%/10.4% for CHB,17.9%/40.6% for LC,and 9.8%/34.4% for HCC, respectively.In statistics,the positive rates of anti-HBx in LC and HCC were higher than that in CHB (P

Objective To survey the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value and fractional anisotropy (FA) value ofpontine cistern section of the trigeminal nerve, and understand the characteristics of various parameters of trigeminal nerve pontine cistern section. Methods The distances from pontine cistern section of the trifacial nerve to 0, 3, 6 and 9 mm of brain stem in 50 healthy volunteers were recorded, and fusion images of magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with B-TFE or THRIVE were achieved to improve the spatial resolution of the pontine cistern section of the trifacial nerve; their ADC value and FA value were recorded, separately. Tracing image formation was noted in the pontine cistern section of the trigeminal or trifacial nerve. Results The ADC and FA results of the left side and right flank of pontine cistern section of the trifacial nerve in these healthy volunteers were not statistically different (P＜0.05). The closer to the brain stem, the more asymmetrical tendency of distance from pontine cistern section of the trifacial nerve to 0, 3, 6 and 9 mm of brain stem between both sides. DTI indicated that the ADC values between each 2 distances from pontine cistern section of the trifacial nerve to 0, 3, 6 and 9 mum of brain stem between both sides were significantly different: the ADC values increased along with the distance elevating gradually, but rotated suddenly at the line of 6-9 mm. The FA value increased in 0-6 mm along with the distance reducing gradually, and the neighboring 2 distances had remarkably statistical difference, but the FA value no longer obviously changed from the line of 6-9 mm. Conclusion DTI can distinguish the two-sided trigeminal nerve brain pond section clearly, and may realize each item of DTI. Regular changes are noted in FA and ADC values along with the different distances from pontine cistern section of the trifacial nerve to 0, 3, 6 and 9 mm of brain stem,indicating that DTI enjoys perspective in being clear about the discrimination of cranial nerve CNS section, the change-over portion and the PNS section, and in detecting the cranial nerve vascular compression.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the process of separating and purifying flavonoids from Smilax glabra.

METHODWith the yield of flavonoids as index, the optimum process of separating and purifying flavonoids from S. glabra Roxb was screened by static and dynamic adsorption tests.

RESULTThe static saturated adsorption capacity of D101 macroporous resin to flavonoids of S. glabra was 45.6 mg x g(-1) (dry resin). The optimum conditions of dynamic adsorption and elution were as that the pH, the concentration, the adsorption velocity of the extracting solution, and the adsorption capacity were 6.00 +/- 0.20, 4.2 mg x mL(-1), 2 mL x min(-1) and 15 mL, respectively. The adsorbed resin column was washed by 100 mL 60% ethanol with pH value of 8.00 +/- 0.20 at the eluting velocity of 3 mL x min(-1) after washed by 100 mL distilled water.

CONCLUSIONThe flavonoids of S. glabra was able to be easily separated and purified by D101 macroporous resin under the optimum conditions above, and the recovery rate was higher than 90%. The content of obtained flavonoids reached 62.6%, which was 2 times of the content before purification.

Adsorption ; Chromatography, Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Resins, Synthetic ; chemistry ; Smilax ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo identify the epidemical characteristics of suicidal tendency among middle-school students in cities of China and to explore the main factors leading to suicidal tendency in adolescents.

METHODSMulti-stage cluster sampling method was used to select 9015 students in grades 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively from 25 general middle schools in Beijing, Hangzhou, Wuhan and Urumqi of China in June 2006 and field investigation was carried out through "China Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) Questionnaire".

RESULTSAmong the students in the four cities, the incidence rates of suicidal ideation were from 14.4% to 20.8% with an average of 17.4%. The incidence rates of suicidal plan were from 6.8% to 9.7% with an average of 8.2% and were different among cities. 15.0% of the boys had suicidal ideation and 6.7% of them made a suicidal plan comparing to 19.7% of girls having had suicidal ideation and 9.5% of them made a suicidal plan. The two kinds of suicidal tendency in girls were all higher than those in boys. City, age, gender, grade, days and type of being bullied, depression, close friends and having received health education on coping with stresses were factors influencing suicidal tendency of students. Days of being bullied and suicidal tendency showed a dose-response relation.

CONCLUSIONSuicidal tendency seemed common in middle-school students. Training on 'coping the issue' should be strengthened and harmonious environment should be improved in middle-schools.

Adolescent ; China ; epidemiology ; Data Collection ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Students ; psychology ; Suicide ; psychology ; statistics & numerical data ; Urban Population