Objective To evaluate MRI in the diagnosis of the bone contusion of the knee joint and its clinical significance.Methods Using special coil for knee joint,coronal,sagittal,axial and oblique sagittal plane scanning with fast spin-echo sequence(T_1WI,T_2WI,PDWI+FS)was performed on knee joint in 205 patients in three days after injury.According the distributing bone marrow edema and injury mechanism,bone contusion were classified five types as pivot shift injury,clip injury,dashboard injury, hyperextension injury and lateral patellar dislocation.Results One hundred and forty-five cases of the 205 patients were found bone marrow edema without fracture on X-ray films.Among them,pivot shift injury was found in 43 cases accompanied with anterior cruciate ligament rupture in 30 cases,tear of the posterior horn of the lateral or medial meniscus in 12 and tears of the medial collateral ligament in 8 cases;clip injury in 53 cases accompanied with anterior cruciate ligament rupture in 10 cases,tear of the posterior horn of the lateral or medial meniscus in 15 and tears of the medial collateral ligament in 38 cases;dashboard injury 40 cases accompanied with posterior cruciate ligament rupture in 16 cases,hyperextension injury 9 cases accompanied with anterior cruciate ligament rupture in 2 cases,posterior cruciate ligament rupture in 5 cases.No lateral patellar dislocation was found.Forty-eight of 145 patients had undergone arthroscopy, 43 cases(89.6%)of them were in accordance with MRI diagnosis.Bone contusion were defined as geographic regions of abnormal signal intensity,that is,low signal intensity in T_1-weighted images and high signal intensity in PD-weighted or T_2-weigeted images with fat saturation.Conclusion MRI can accurately display the location and area of bone contusion of the knee joint as well as its adjunctive structure injury and deduce their injury mechanism.MRI should be used routinely for knee trauma.

OBJECTIVEConditioned taste preference (CTP) is a taste learning reflex by which an animal learns to prefer a substance which tastes not well and has been studied with much interest in recent years. However, the neural substrates of CTP are less known. This study aimed to determine the possible neural path- ways of CTP and whether serum leptin level and the leptin receptor (OB-Rb) in the hind brain are involved following CTP formation.

METHODSWe established CTP of quinine in rats with a 2-bottle preference test. The serum leptin concentrations were detected, the expression of c-fos in the rat brain was tested to determine the nuclei in relation with establishment of CTR Finally, the OB-Rb mRNA expression was examined by RT-qPCR assay in parabrachial nucleus (PBN) and the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) of the hind brain.

RESULTSCompared with control group, the level of serum leptin was higher in the CTP group (4.58 ± 0.52 vs 1.67 ± 0.25 µg/L, P < 0.01); increased c-fos positive cells were found in the anterior hypothalamus (AH, 221.75 ± 4.96 vs. 178.50 ± 6.63 cells/mm², P < 0.05), the basal lateral amygdala (BLA, 70.75 ± 6.17 vs 56.50 ± 3.62 cells/ mm², P < 0.05) and the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST, 41.25 ± 1.32 vs 32.50 ± 1.02 cells/mm², P < 0.05). But in ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH, 20.75 ± 2.73 vs 38.5 ± 1.54 per 1 mm², P < 005), PBN (21.50 ± 2.24 vs 36.25 ± 1.49 cells/mm², P < 0.05) and the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA, 22.25 ± 1.53 vs 35.50 ± 2.11 cells/mm², P < 0.05), the number of c-fos positive cells was decreased in the CTP group. In addition, we found OB-Rb mRNA expression in PBN of CTP group rats was higher than that of control group (0.95 ± 0.055 vs 0.57 ± 0.034, P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference of OB-Rb mRNA expression in NST between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONNuclei AH, BLA, NST, VMH, PBN and CeA participate in the formation of CTP. Leptin and its receptor in PBN may be involved in the formation and maintenance of CTP.

Animals ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Leptin ; blood ; Rats ; Receptors, Leptin ; physiology ; Rhombencephalon ; physiology ; Taste ; physiology

Objective To solve the danger and difficulty in transferring seriously injured victims. Methods The operating principle, construction design, electronic control system and software program flowchart of a robot transfer arm for victim-transfer were introduced.Results and Conclusion The victim didn not have to change their body posture during transfer. The procedure is very simple.A push at only one key is enough,without secondary injury.

Objective To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture on hypothalamic insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods Sixty Wistar rats were randomized to a normal group (15 rats) and an observation group (45 rats). In the observation group, a rat model of T2DM was made by high-energy diet induction. After the model was successfully made 8 weeks later, the observation group was randomized to model making, treatment and blocker groups, 15 rats each. The treatment group received electroacupuncture and the blocker group, electroacupuncture plus intraventricular perfusion of phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxyl kinase (PI3K) blocker. After 8 weeks of treatment, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was measured using a glucometer, fasting insulin (Fins) was determined by ELISA, insulin resistance index (IRI) was calculated and IRS-1 expression was examined by SABC immunohistochemistry assay in every group of rats. Results FPG and Fins increased significantly (both P<0.01) and IRI and IRS-1 expression decreased significantly (P<0.01) in the model making group compared with the normal group. FPG and Fins decreased significantly (both P<0.01) and IRI and IRS-1 expression increased significantly (P<0.01) in the treatment group compared with the model making group. FPG and Fins decreased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01) and IRI and IRS-1 expression increased significantly (P<0.01) in the treatment group compared with the blocker group. Conclusion Electroacupuncture can improve FPG, Fins and insulin sensitivity by regulating hypothalamic IRS-1 expression in T2DM rats.

OBJECTIVETo study the value of MRI in the diagnosis of cerebral sparganosis in children.

METHODSThe MRI appearances of 17 children with cerebral sparganosis proven by pathology or serological test were retrospectively studied. The diagnostic accuracy rate of cerebral sparganosis was compared before and after knowing the imaging features of this disease.

RESULTSEnhanced MRI was performed in 12 cases, and all of them demonstrated abnormal enhancement. Peripheral ring-type, tortuous beaded shape or serpiginous tubular shape enhancement were found in 8 cases. After analysis of follow-up MRI for 7 cases, a change in location and shape of lesions was found in 2 cases. Typical MRI patterns of cerebral sparganosis included abnormal enhancement such as peripheral ring-type, tortuous beaded shape or serpiginous tubular shape enhancement, and changes in location and shape of lesions in the follow-up MRI. The diagnostic accuracy rate for the 17 cases of cerebral sparganosis at the first visit, after first imaging examination and after several follow-up MR examinations were 0%, 11.8% and 28.6%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy rate of this disease increased to 64.7%, 70.6% and 85.7% respectively after the radiologists were trained in the imaging characteristics of the disease.

CONCLUSIONSMR findings in children with cerebral sparganosis are specific. Mastering correctly the typical imaging features of the disease can be very helpful in reducing the rate of clinical misdiagnosis.

Adolescent ; Central Nervous System Helminthiasis ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Sparganosis ; diagnosis ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo improve the diagnostic accuracy of primary salivary gland-type lung cancer on CT.

METHODSThe CT findings of 13 pathologically proven primary salivary gland-type lung cancers (mucoepidermoid carcinoma, n = 8, adenoid cystic carcinoma, n = 5) were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTSThree mucoepidermoid carcinomas were located in the main bronchus, 4 in segmental bronchus, and 1 in peripheral lung. Intrabronchial nodule or mass with smooth or lobulated margin and punctuate or strip calcification (n = 2) was the main CT feature. The tumor showed moderate to significant enhancement after the administration of contrast medium. Three adenoid cystic carcinomas involved trachea, and 2 involved the main and lobular bronchi. The main CT features were diffuse or circumferential irregular thickness of the wall, distorted lumen, and nodule protruding into the lumen, and the longitudinal extent of the tumor was greater than its transverse axis.

CONCLUSIONThe CT findings of primary salivary gland-type lung cancer are rather specific and may provide helpful information for the clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Contrast Media ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonectomy ; methods ; Radiographic Image Enhancement ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; methods ; Young Adult

Objective To observed the clinical effect of long-term sacral nerve stimulation on anal rectal pain after lumbar surgery.Methods A total of 18 cases with functional anorectal pain (FARP) after lumbar surgery in our hospital from April 2015 to March 2018were selected, of whom 3 cases refuse to accept the treatment, the other 15 cases received sacral nerve electrical stimulation.The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and simplified MPQ pain questionnaire were used to evaluate the clinical effect in preoperative and postoperative1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 1 year respectively.Results Fifteen cases of permanent sacral nerve stimulation before and after , The MPQ scale and PSQI of 15 patients with implantation of permanent sacral nerve stimulation in postoperative 1 week were better than those before implantation , the differences were significant( P＜ 0. 05) . In the MPQ scale , the PPI and PRI at 6 months after operation was better than those before implantation , the difference was statistically significant ( P ＜ O. 01 ) ; PSQI and V AS score after 2 months were better than those before implantation , the difference were statistically significant( P ＜ 0.01) , meanwhile in 1-year of follow-up , the PSQI and VAS score continued to decline , but the change was not obvious. Conclusion Long-term sacral nerve electrical stimulation in the treatment of lumbar anorectal pain has a good clinical effect , which can improve patients ' quality of life.

This study examined associations between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and serum folate concentrations with the risk of esophageal precancerous lesions (EPL) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The highest quartile of serum folate concentration significantly decreased the risk of ESCC compared with the lowest quartile (OR=0.11; 95% Cl, 0.04-0.33; P<0.05). MTHFR 677 C>T polymorphism was associated with the risk of ESCC by using chi-square tests (P<0.05). For the CT genotype, the risk of ESCC significantly increased in study participants with low serm folate concentrations (≤26.92 μg/L) compared with participants with high serum folate concentrations (>26.92 μg/L) by using multinomial logistic regression models. The MTHFR genotype may further modify associations between serum folate concentrations and the risk of ESCC, but it was not significantly associated with the risk of EPL.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; blood ; genetics ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; blood ; genetics ; Folic Acid ; blood ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation and copy number are useful predictive markers that guide the selection of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients for EGFR-targeting therapy. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between EGFR gene mutation and copy number and clinicopathologic characteristics of Chinese patients with NSCLC. NSCLC specimens collected from 205 patients between November 2009 and January 2011 were selected to detect EGFR gene mutations with real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and to detect EGFR gene copy number with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). EGFR mutations primarily occurred in females, non-smokers, and patients with adenocarinomas (all P < 0.001). Tissues from 128 (62%) patients were FISH-positive for EGFR, including 37 (18%) with gene amplification and 91 (44%) with high polysomy. EGFR gene mutation was correlated with FISH-positive status (R = 0.340, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that not smoking (OR = 5.910, 95% CI = 2.363-14.779, P < 0.001) and having adenocarcinoma (OR = 0.122, 95% CI = 0.026-0.581, P = 0.008) were favorable factors for EGFR gene mutation. These results show a high frequency of EGFR FISH positivity in NSCLC tissues from Chinese patients and a significant relevance between EGFR gene mutations and FISH-positive status. Among the FISH-positive samples, EGFR gene mutation occurred more frequently in samples with gene amplification compared to those with high polysomy, suggesting that EGFR mutation and gene amplification should be used as clinical decision parameters to predict response to EGFR-targeting therapy.
Adenocarcinoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Amplification ; Gene Dosage ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Smoking

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) induce tissue damage and oxidative stress in animal models of stomach damage. In the present study, the protective effects of wheat peptides were evaluated in a NSAID-induced stomach damage model in rats. Different doses of wheat peptides or distilled water were administered daily by gavage for 30 days before the rat stomach damage model was established by administration of NSAIDs (aspirin and indomethacin) into the digestive tract twice. The treatment of wheat peptides decreased the NSAID-induced gastric epithelial cell degeneration and oxidative stress and NO levels in the rats. Wheat peptides significantly increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and decreased iNOS activity in stomach. The mRNA expression level of μ-opioid receptor was significantly decreased in wheat peptides-treated rats than that in in the control rats. The results suggest that NSAID drugs induced stomach damage in rats, wchih can be prevented by wheat peptides. The mechanisms for the protective effects were most likely through reducing NSAID-induced oxidative stress.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; adverse effects ; Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; Aspirin ; adverse effects ; Gastric Mucosa ; drug effects ; Gene Expression ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; drug effects ; Indomethacin ; adverse effects ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; biosynthesis ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; chemical synthesis ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Plant Proteins ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Opioid, mu ; drug effects ; Stomach ; drug effects ; Superoxide Dismutase ; drug effects ; Triticum ; chemistry