Abstract: Objective　To analyze the etiological characteristics and drug resistance of patients with bloodstream infection (BSI) in the bacterial resistance monitoring network in Hainan Province from 2018 to 2020, so as to provide laboratory data for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods　The clinical data of the subjects were collected, and the etiological characteristics of BSI patients and drug resistance of commonly used drugs in clinical treatment were analyzed retrospectively. SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results　A total of 877 strains were isolated, including Gram-negative bacteria (584 strains, 66.6%), Gram-positive bacteria (239 strains, 27.2%) and fungi (54 strains, 6.2%); male patients (591 cases, 67.4%), female patients (286 cases, 32.6%); inpatients (780 cases, 88.9%), outpatient and emergency patients (97 cases, 11.1%); the main primary diseases of BSI patients were hypertension, cerebral infarction and type 2 diabetes, and the main primary infections were pulmonary infection and urinary system infection. Intensive care unit (25.2%, 221 cases), emergency department (10.9%, 96 cases), oncology department (9.1%, 80 cases), nephrology department (6.8%, 60 cases) and hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery department (4.3%, 38 cases) had the highest proportion of pathogenic bacteria. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Viridans group streptococci and Candida albicans were the most frequently isolated pathogens. The detection rates of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii were 3.4%, 15.2% and 36.4% respectively. The carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli was not checked out. The detection rates of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus were 18.5% and 79.1% respectively. Conclusions　Gram-negative bacteria are the most common pathogens of BSI, and inpatients are the main source of BSI. Age, underlying diseases and primary infection are the risk factors of BSI. Clinical laboratories should strengthen the etiological monitoring of high-risk patients with BSI, and the resistance analysis of common antibiotics can provide a basis for the rational use of antibiotics in clinical practice.

OBJECTIVETo explore the significance of clue cells in the diagnosis of male urogenital infection.

METHODSUrethra swabs or prostatic fluid of 264 male outpatients were collected and smeared directly on the slice to find clue cells under the ultramicroscopy. Meanwhile, the positive patients' spouses were detected for bacterial vaginosis (BV).

RESULTSThe positive rates of the urethra swabs and the prostatic fluid were 5.1% (11/215 ) and 2.0% (1/49), respectively. Nine cases in 11 of the patients' spouses (81.8%) were diagnosed as BV.

CONCLUSIONBV pathogen can attack and attach to the epithelia of male genitals to form clue cells. Clue cells positive, along with clinical symptoms, contribute to the diagnosis of male urogenital bacterial infection.

Adult ; Bacterial Infections ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; pathology ; Cervix Uteri ; microbiology ; Epithelial Cells ; microbiology ; Female ; Gardnerella vaginalis ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycoplasma hominis ; isolation & purification ; Prostate ; microbiology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spouses ; Ureaplasma urealyticum ; isolation & purification ; Urethra ; microbiology ; Urinary Tract Infections ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; pathology ; Vagina ; microbiology

Abstract： Objective　To analyze the value and influencing factors of cross-primer isothermal amplification technology(CPA) in clinical screening and diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). Methods　We collected 543 inpatients in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2021, including 179 patients with tuberculosis, 187 patients with pneumonia and 177 patients with other diseases. The patients' sputum, alveolar lavage fluid, pleural effusion and midstream urine were detected by CPA, smear microscopy, culture method and gene detection. The value of CPA detection in the diagnosis of tuberculosis and its influencing factors were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0. Results　The total positive rate of CPA was 14.4% (78/543), and the positive rate of sputum samples accounted for 29.1% (39/134). Among the 78 cases of CPA positive patients, the tuberculosis group accounted for 69.2% (54/78), followed by pneumonia group 21.8% (17/78), and other diseases group accounted for 9.0% (7/78). Taking CPA test as the reference method, the "sensitivity" of smear microscopy was lower than that of genetic testing and culture, while the "specificity" was higher than that of culture and gene testing, and the "missed diagnosis rate" of smear microscopy was higher than that of genetic testing and culture. CPA test positive was related to gender, ESR and pneumonia. There is a good agreement between CPA test and culture method and gene test (Kappa>0.9), and a moderate agreement between CPA test and smear microscopy (Kappa=0.616). Conclusions　Sputum specimen is the best choice for CPA detection, while the value of pleural effusion detection is relatively limited. Sputum, alveolar lavage fluid and midcourse urine can be used as clinical specimens for screening and diagnosis of "tuberculosis group and other disease group", while sputum can be used for screening and diagnosis of "tuberculosis group and pneumonia group". Gender, ESR and pneumonia are the influencing factors of CPA positive patients. Therefore, CPA testing is worthy of clinical promotion, but more clinical research data are needed.

OBJECTIVETo prepare monoclonal antibody (McAb) against anti-CD3 ScFv for purifying and detecting serum anti-CD3 antibody concentration.

METHODSMcAb against anti-CD3 ScFv was prepared by hybridoma technique and used to prepare affinity chromatography column, which was used to purify anti-CD3 ScFv and Diabody [CD3 x Pgp] without E-tag. The binding activities of anti-CD3 ScFv, Diabody [CD3 x Pgp] without E-tag, and Diabody [CD3 x Pgp] purified by anti-CD3 affinity chromatography column or anti-E-tag affinity chromatography column against K562/A02 cell and Jurket cells were detected by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) method. ELISA was used to identify the specificity of the McAb.

RESULTSMcAb against anti-CD3 ScFv specifically detected serum anti-CD3 ScFv without reacting with sera. The anti-CD3 ScFv purified by anti-CD3 affinity chromatography column and purified by anti-E-tag affinity chromatography column had the same specific binding activity with Jurkat cells. The positive binding rates of Diabody [CD3 x Pgp] without E-tag to K562/A02 and Jurkat cells were 89.87% and 83.95%, respectively. In the competitive binding experiments with K562/A02 and Jurkat cells, the binding rates of Diabody [CD3 x Pgp] without E-tag decreased to 56.30% and 43.78%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe McAb against anti-CD3 ScFv prepared in our lab can be used to purify and detect serum anti-CD3 antibody concentration.

Antibodies, Monoclonal ; biosynthesis ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; CD3 Complex ; immunology ; Cell Line ; Chromatography, Affinity ; Humans ; Hybridomas ; metabolism ; Jurkat Cells ; K562 Cells

BACKGROUNDEndostatin is a potent inhibitor of tumor angiogenesis. In the preliminary studies, we developed a mutant endostatin containing Arg-Gly-Asp-Arg-Gly-Asp (RGDRGD) sequences. In this study, we compared the antitumor effects of mutant endostatin and Bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotides both in combination and individually.

METHODSThe artificially synthesized Bcl-2 ASODN (antisense oligonucleotides) included a translation-initiation site and was transfected into the bladder cancer cells by Lipofectamine. Cell growth was investigated by the tumor cell growth chart, MTT assay, caspase-3 activity detection assay, AO/EB fluorescein stain, and the annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection assay. In the in vivo study, UM-UC-3 bladder cancer cells were subcutaneously implanted into nude mice and the growth of tumor was examined. The ultrastructure of the tumor tissues in the treated and control groups were observed.

RESULTSThe cell growth chart showed that the cell population of the treated combination group decreased by 52.04% compared to the control group. The inhibition rate of the treated combination group was (79.66 ± 6.79)%, whereas those of the individual ASODN and ES groups were (53.39 ± 3.22)% and (50.22 ± 5.46)% respectively. In the caspase-3 activity detection using AO/EB fluorescein stain and annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection assay, the co-inhibitory effect was higher than the individual inhibitory effects (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in the inhibition of the solid tumor growth in the in vivo study.

CONCLUSIONSOur findings indicated that Bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotides enhance the antitumor effects of mutant endostatin both in vitro and in vivo. We noted the synergistic effects of Bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotides combined with mutant endostatin.

Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; administration & dosage ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drug Synergism ; Endostatins ; administration & dosage ; Mice ; Thionucleotides ; administration & dosage ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; pathology

BACKGROUNDGreat advances have been made in the diagnosis, molecular pathogenesis and treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in the past decade. Due to the lack of large population-based studies, the recent trends in the incidence and geographic variations of ALL in Shanghai, China have not been well documented. To better understand the incidence and epidemiological features of ALL in Shanghai, we conducted a retrospective survey based on the database from the Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the medical records in all large-scale hospitals in Shanghai, especially those 30 major hospitals with hematology department.

METHODSAccording to the data from Shanghai CDC, 544 patients, with a median age of 32 years (ranging 1.2 - 89 years), were diagnosed as de novo ALL from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2006, and they were followed up until December 31, 2007.

RESULTSThe average annual incidence of ALL in Shanghai was 0.81/100 000. The incidence in men (0.86/100 000) was slightly higher than that in women (0.75/100 000). The age-stratified incidence showed that the incidence was 2.31/100 000 in patients ≥ 17 years old, 0.54/100 000 in those 18 - 34 years old, 0.46/100 000 in those 35 - 59 years old, and 0.94/100 000 in those ≥ 60 years old. Moreover, there were substantial geographic variations in the incidence of ALL, with the incidence in Chongming county, an island in the east of Shanghai city being 0.60/100 000, much lower than those of other districts. Both French-American-British (FAB) and World Health Organization (WHO) classification systems were applied in the present study. Eighty-eight patients were diagnosed as L1 (26.2%), 193 L2 (57.4%), and 55 L3 (16.4%). For 302 patients with immunophenotypic results, 242 were identified as B cell origin (80.1%), 59 as T cell origin (19.5%), and 1 as biphenotype (0.4%). The leukemia cells in 61 patients co-expressed one or two myeloid antigen (20.2%). For 269 patients with cytogenetic results, the incidences of t(9;22) in patients aged < 10, 11 - 17, 18 - 44, 45 - 59 and ≥ 60 years old were 4.2%, 11.4%, 19.2%, 23.1% and 5.3%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONCompared with the previous data, the incidence of ALL is increased in Shanghai, and has a geographic distribution characteristic.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; epidemiology ; Data Collection ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; epidemiology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility and efficacy on the outcome of patients with heart failure of integrated disease management program with heart failure clinic, patient education and telephone follow-up.

METHODSA total of 145 hospitalized patients with chronic heart failure and LVEF ≤ 45% or patients with LVEF > 45% and NT-proBNP > 1500 ng/L were divided into conventional group (n = 71) and interventional group (n = 74). Patients were followed for 10 to 12 months.

RESULTSBaseline clinical characteristics, LVEF and dose of evidence-based medicine were similar between the 2 groups. During follow-up, the NYHA functional class was higher in conventional group than interventional group (3.2 ± 0.5 vs 1.4 ± 0.5, P < 0.05), and the LVEF deteriorated in the conventional group and improved from 34% to 40%in the interventional group. The proportions of self-monitoring of weight, blood pressure and pulse rate in the interventional group were significantly higher than those of conventional group (P < 0.05). Among patients with systolic heart failure, 40% patients in the interventional group and 11% patients in the conventional group achieved the target doses of β-blockers (P < 0.05). Cardiovascular event rate of conventional group and interventional group is 91.5% and 27.0% respectively (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIntegrated disease management program with heart failure clinic, patient education and telephone follow-up can improve patient compliance to heart failure treatment, improve cardiac function and reduce cardiovascular event rate.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Ambulatory Care Facilities ; organization & administration ; Disease Management ; Female ; Heart Failure ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient Compliance ; Prognosis ; Quality of Life ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo analyse the epidemiological data of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in Shanghai.

METHODSALL cases in Shanghai from 2002 to 2006 were retrospectively investigated.

RESULTSAll together there were 544 newly diagnozed ALL cases. The yearly incidence of ALL was 0.81/10(5), which was slightly higher in men (0.86/10(5)) than in women (0.75/10(5)). The age-stratified incidence showed 2.31/10(5) in patients (pts) 60 y. The incidences in Chongming County was 0.60/10(5), being the lowest in all districts. The morphological types of ALL was L(1) (26.2%), L(2) (57.4%) and L(3) (16.4%); the immunophenotype was B (80.1%) and T (19.5%). The incidence of ALL with myeloid antigen expression was 20.2%. Genetic examination revealed that chromosome aberration of t(9;22) was the most common one.

CONCLUSIONSThe incidence of ALL in Shanghai is 0.81/10(5). Compared with the national standard (1986 - 1998), the incidence in adolescents is obviously increased. Chongming County has the lowest incidence, indicating a role of environment factor in ALL incidence.

China ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; genetics ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical and lab features of sibling brother and sister both with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).

METHODSWe conducted comprehensive clinical and lab investigations including the test of serum enzymes, electromyography (EMG), electrocardiography, color Doppler echocardiography, HE staining of skeletal muscles, immunohistochemical study of dystrophin and utrophin, multiple ligation probe amplification (MLPA) on exon 1-79 of dystrophin gene, and short tandem repeat-poly- merase chain reaction of CA repeats located in dystrophin gene.

RESULTSThese two patients were confirmed to suffer from DMD. They were characterized by typical features of DMD including typical clinical manifestations, increased serum enzymes, EMG presenting myogenic impairment, HE staining presentation belonging to DMD, negative dystrophin in brother, and inconstantly positive on the sarcolemma of sister. Furthermore, no deletion or duplication was found in the 1-79 exons of dystrophin gene. The suffering brother and sister carried the same maternal X chromosome.

CONCLUSIONSCarriers of DMD gene show typical clinical and laboratory manifestations of DMD. Comprehensive examinations should be performed for such carriers.

Dystrophin ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Linkage ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Male ; Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Siblings

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of 50 Hz 0.1 mT sinusoidal electromagnetic field at different time points on bone mineral density(BMD)and histomorphometry in rats.

METHODSTotally 50 6-week-old female SD rats were equally randomized into 5 groups: control group,45-minute group,90-minute group,180-minute group,and 270-minute group. Except for the control group,the other four groups were given magnetic intervention in the 50-Hz 0.1-mT sinusoidal electromagnetic field for 45 minutes,90 minutes,180 minutes,or 270 minutes,respectively,on a daily basis. After 8 weeks,the total body BMD,femur BMD,and vertebral BMD were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The left tibia and the fifth lumbar vertebrae were separated for bone tissue static and dynamic analyses.

RESULTSCompared with control group,the 90-minute group and the 180-minute group had significantly different total body BMD(P<0.01,P<0.05),while no such significant difference was seen in the 45-minute group and 270-minute group (P>0.05). The femur,vertebral BMD,serum biochemical markers,and the static parameters of the fifth lumbar vertebrae tissue showed significant differences in the 90-minute group,180-minute group,and 270-minute group(P<0.01),but not in the 45-minute group (P>0.05). As shown by double fluorescent labeling,the distance was sorted in an order of 90-minute group>180-minutes group>270-minute group>45-minutes group>control group.

CONCLUSIONThe 50-Hz 0.1-mT sinusoidal electromagnetic field can effectively increase bone mineral density and improve bone morphology;however,the intervention effectiveness differs at different time points,with the best effectiveness seen at 90 minutes.

Absorptiometry, Photon ; Animals ; Bone Density ; Bone and Bones ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Female ; Femur ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tibia