Although quinolone resistance results mostly from chromosomal mutations in Enterobacteriaceae,it may also be mediated by plasmid-encoded Qnr determinants.Qnr proteins protect DNA from quinolone action and compromise the effect of quinolones,such as nalidixic acid.Qnr proteins including QnrA,QnrB and QnrS,have been identified worldwide with a quite high prevalence among Asian isolates with a frequent association with clavulanic acid-inhibited expanded-spectrum b-lactamases and plasmid-mediated cephalosporinases.The QnrA genes are embedded in complex sul1-type integrons.A close relative and likely progenitor of the QnrA have been found in the water-borne species Shewanella algae.It may help to determine the location of in vivo transfer of the QnrA genes.Further analyses of the role of quinolones,if any,in enhancing this gene transfer may prevent the spreading of the drug resistance and possibly lead to the finding of a novel mechanism of antibiotic resistance.

Objective To study the types of autoantibodies in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.Methods There were 60 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis from January 1995 to December 2004 in People's Hospital. We analyzed those patients' autoantibodies results and clinical data.Results There were 75% patients with anti-mitochondrial antibody(45/60),and antinuclear antibodies were detected in 60%(36/60)PBC patients,with the following hierarchy of specificities:23%(14/60)speckled,20%(12/60)multiple nuclear dots,16%(10/60)nuclear membranous,6%(6/60)anti-centromere,1.6%(1/60)homogeneous,20%(12/60)anti-SSA,10%(6/60)anti-SSB and 1.6%(1/60)anti-RNP. Several patients showed multiple specificities. Comparing PBC patients with or without AMA,no statistically significant difference was found on ages,biochemical and immunological parameters.Conclusion AMA-negative PBC patients share the same clinical features with AMA-passive PBC. Except for AMA,other antibodies may present in PBC patients. Multiple nuclear dots and nuclear member antinuclear antibodies may be helpful for diagnosing PBC patients without AMA.

Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Radiography ; Retroperitoneal Space ; pathology ; Rhabdomyosarcoma ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the dry granulation technology conditions for Yinqiao baidu tablet. METHODS:Using granulating difficulty degree and disintegration time as investigation indexes,ratio and amount of accessories microcrystalline cellu-lose and compressible starch in Yinqiao baidu tablet,moisture content of the sprayed powder were screened. Using yield of particle and angle of repose as indexes,L9(34)orthogonal test was used to optimize the wheel pressure,rotating speed and feeding speed in dry granulation technology,and verification test was conducted. RESULTS:The ratio of microcrystalline cellulose and compress-ible starch was 7:3,and mixing ratio of the two with spray powder+inclusion compound was 1:5. The moisture content of spray powder was controlled in 1％-2％. The optimal technology was as follow as wheel pressure of 3.5 MPa,roller speed of 4 r/min and feeding speed of 10 r/min. In verification test,average yield of particle was 69.2％ and angle of repose was 31.5 °. Transfer rate of chlorogenic acid had reached over 92％,and RSD of each index was below 2.53％(n=3). CONCLUSIONS:Each index of parti-cle prepared by optimized accessories formulation and technology shows good reproducibility and feasibility,and the technology is stable and suitable for production.

Objective To synthesize 99Tcm- (hydrazinonictinamide- [Lys3] -bombesin) (tricine)(trisodium triphenylphosphine-3,3',3"-trisulfonate) ((HYNIC-[Lys3]-BBS) (tricine) (TPPTS)) and evaluate its biodistribution and binding capability with tumor tissue in Balb/c nude mice bearing human pancreatic cancer xenografts. Methods HYNIC was conjugated to the [Lys3] -BBS at pH = 9.0 with SnCl2 as reducing agent and both tricine and TPPTS as coligands for 99Tcm-labeling. 99Tcm-HYNIC-[Lys3]-BBS)(tricine) (TPPTS) was purified by Sep-Pak C18 cartridge and was analysed by HPLC. The radiochemical purity and radiolabeling yield were measured. The stability of 99Tcm-(HYNIC-[Lys3]-BBS) (tricine)(TPPTS) in serum, biodistribution (% ID/g) in the normal mice and imaging of the Balb/c nude mice bearing human pancreatic cancer xenografts in vivo were studied. Results The radiolabeling yield was (90 ±2)% and the radiochemical purity was over 95%. The radiochemical purity after 4 h in serum was over 85%. The distribution in normal mice showed rapid clearance from blood (the uptake was (0.07 ±0.01) %ID/g at 2 h postinjection). 99Tcm-(HYNIC-[Lys3]-BBS) (tricine) (TPPTS) was excreted mainly via the kidney with little radioactivity accumulation in the liver and gastrointestinal tract (the uptake of liver, stomach, intestine was (0.27 ±0.03), (0.06 ±0.03), (0.04 ±0.00) %ID/g at 2 h postinjection). Marked uptake of radioactivity was found in tumor tissue of the Balb/c nude mice bearing human pancreatic cancer with maximum T/NT ratio of 3.71 ± 0.57 at 2 h postinjection. Conclusions 99Tcm-(HYNIC-[Lys3]-BBS)(tricine) (TPPTS) can be easily prepared with high radiolabeling yield and radiochemical purity. The stability in serum and good biodistribution charateristics make it useful for the diagnosis of human pancreatic cancer with over-expression of the gastric-releasing peptide(GRP) receptor.

Objective To study the antileukemia immune response of IL-18 gene transfected dendritic cells(DCs) of chronic myelogeous leukemia(CML).Methods DCs were transfected with IL-18 gene by liposomes in CML.The expression of IL-18 in IL-18 transfected DCs was detected.The percentages of CD80+ and CD86+ cells in IL-18 tranfected DCs were determined by FCM.The proliferation of T cell,NK and specific CTL kill activity induced by IL-18 gene transfected DCs were detected.Results The quantity of IL-18 in IL-18 tranfected DCs was(596?34.1)pg/2?106cells/48 h,while the culture medium of mock-transduced DCs and DCs did not secrete detectable levels of IL-18.The percentages of CD80+ and CD86+ cells in IL-18 tranfected DCs were higher than that in mock-transfected DCs(P

Objective To detect the changes of visceral sensitivity in rats presenting intestinal dysbacteriosis and the expressions of tight junction protein (ZO-1)and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)so as to explore the effect of intestinal dysbacteriosis on visceral sensitivity and the possible mechanisms.Methods We randomly divided 30 male SD rats of SPF grade into normal control group (n = 12 )and dysbacteriosis group (n = 18 ).Rats in dysbacteriosis group were administered with lincomycin hydrochloride (300 mg/mL),1 mL each time per rat once a day for 7 consecutive days;those in normal control group were fed with the same amount of saline.On the eighth day,six rats were randomly selected from normal control group and dysbacteriosis group respectively to detect whether the model was successful.After the model was successfully constructed,the remaining 12 dysbacteriosis rats were randomly divided into the negative control group and the probiotics intervention group with 6 in each.Rats in the intervention group were given probiotic bifidobacterium triple viable capsules (Bifico)orally,one capsule with 1/3 mL of saline,1 mL each time per rat once a day for 7 consecutive days;those in the negative control group received the same amount of saline.On the eighth day,fresh feces was cultured for flora to detect visceral sensitivity by abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR),the mRNA and protein expressions of ZO-1 and TLR4 in the colon,and the expression of serum inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TNFα.Results The expression of ZO-1 in the colon was significantly lower in the rats of dysbacteriosis group than those in the control group,and the expression of TLR4 was also significantly increased.Correspondingly,the expression of pro-inflammatory factor TNFα in the serum of the rats in dysbacteriosis group was significantly increased,while that of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 was significantly lower than in the control group (P <0.05).Furthermore,compared with dysbacteriosis group,the expression of ZO-1 was increased significantly and TLR4 was decreased in probiotics group in varying degrees. Similarly,the expression of TNFα was obviously lower while that of IL-10 in the serum was higher (P < 0.05 ). Conclusion Inhibiting the expression of ZO-1 and increasing the expression of TLR4,thus leading to chronic low-grade inflammation, may be one mechanism of visceral hypersensitivity caused by intestinal dysbacteriosis. Probiotics may restore the dysbacteriosis and thus improve visceral hypersensitivity.

BACKGROUND: Recently, Chinese herb and comprehensive therapy are widely adopted for the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), while infrared ray is widely used in the fields of physical therapy and scientific research. Therefore, some scholars suggest whether the physical characteristics of infrared ray have effects on the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of infrared ray on the changes of gastric mucosa tissue in rat models with chronic atrophic gastritis.DESIGN: Randomized controlled observation.SETTING: Hebei North University.MATERIALS: Thirty-five adult Wistar male rats weighing from 180 to 230 g were purchased from Hebei Experimental Animal Center [SCXK (ji) 2003-1-003]. The experiment was disposed with the ethical standard. Sodium salicylate powder produced by Beijing Fangcao Chemical Company (batch number: 890720). The drug was prepared with distilled water. Infrared lamp (220 V, 200 W) was bought by Equipment Division of our college.METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Experimental Center of Hebei Beifang College from June 2005 to January 2006. ① Experimental intervention: Rats were fed with conventional standard granules for one week. Among them, 8 rats were selected as the normal control group, and other rats underwent model establishment. Rats were perfused with sodium salicylate and alcohol to stimulate gastric mucosa, and then chronic CAG models were established for 8 weeks based on exertion, irregular diet and other factors. Five rats were randomly selected for the check of histopathology before the end of model confirmedly making, and then the model rats were randomly divided into model group and infrared group with 11 in each group. Infrared lamp (220 V, 200 W, 0.76–1.5 μm in wavelength) was used to vertically radiate at the gastric projective area of rats in the infrared group, once a day, ten minutes once for twenty days. The rats in normal group and model group were regularly breed. ② Experimental evaluation: The body mass was weighed every week in 1, 4, 9 and 12 weeks after modeling. The infiltration of inflammatory cells and thickness of gastric mucosa were observed under optic microscope.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Changes of body mass; ② pathohistological changes of gastric mucosa.RESULTS: All 30 rats were involved in the final analysis. ① Changes of body mass: From the end of the 4th week, increasing percentage of body mass in the model group and infrared group was decreased gradually as compared with that in the normal group, and there was significant difference (P < 0.05). ② Pathohistological changes of gastric mucosa: Gastric mucosa of rats in the model group was thinner, and atrophic glands, notable inflammatory infiltration and partial intestinal metaplasia were observed under optic microscope. The thickness of gastric mucosa in the infrared group was significantly thicker than that in model control group, and there was significant difference (P < 0.01); the inflammatory cells in the infrared group were less than those in the model group, and there was significant difference (P < 0.05). Morphologic structure and volume of the parietal cells were all recuperated or closed to normal.CONCLUSION: Infrared ray can decrease thickness of gastric mucosa and reduce inflammatory cells of rats with chronic atrophic gastritis, and it has greatly therapeutic achievements.

Objective To study the effects of He-Ne laser irradiation dosage on the expression of heat shock protein ( HSP70) and CyclinD_1 in rats with chronic atrophic gastritis ( CAG). Method Fifty-two adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: a normal control group, model group and three groups receiving different doses of He-Ne laser irradiation. CAC was induced using an enema of 2% sodium salicylate and 30% alcohol combined with irregular fasting and forced exercise as pathogenic factors. Laser irradiation was applied for 20 days (large dose 6.24 J/cm~2 , medium dose 4. 80 J/cm~2, small dose 3. 36 J/cm~2). The changes in HSP70 and CyclinD_1 expression were observed. Results The expression of HSP70 and CylinD_1 were highest in the normal control group and the small dose laser group. Compared with the model group, the average expression of HSP70 and CyclinD_1 increased significantly in the small dose group. Conclusions Irradiation with a He-Ne laser at 3. 36 J/cm~2 provides good adjuvant therapeutic effect for CAG in rats. After irradiation, the expression of HSP 70 and CyclinD_1 increased. HSP is important in improving mucosal defenses and promoting cell proliferation in CAG, and it can be promoted through small doses of He-Ne laser irradiation.