Objective To study the effects of low-temperature environment on the contents of serum protein, serum calcium and blood sugar in rabbits. Methods The rabbits were divided into three experiment groups, which were exposed to environment at 2, -4 and -6 ℃ respectively and one control group exposed to environment at room temperature of 16 ℃. After exposure for 30～60 min, the peripheral blood samples were collected from rabbits for determination of levels of blood sugar, serum protein and calcium. The anal temperatures and ECG of rabbits were also examined. Results The levels of blood sugar, serum protein and calcium of rabbits in experiment groups decreased with the decrease of environmental temperatures, and revealed significant differences compared with those of control group(P

ObjectiveTo investigate the cell toxicity of a novel macropores calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffold and its influence on cell adhesion,growth and proliferation.MethodsA novel CPC material was synthesized by means of adding mannitol porogens and applying sodium solution as the cement liquid.The cell growth and proliferation in the novel CPC material extraction was observed by CCK8 assay.Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe hole diameter of the material,cell adhesion and growth in the material.The experiment of three point bending was used to test the biomechanic performance of the CPC material.ResultsThe novel CPC material reached hole diameter value of (267.43±118.01)μm,microporosity of (66.15±6.91)％.Maximum load,flexural strength and toughness of the novel CPC material was increased about one time compared to the traditional CPC(P＜0.05).CCK8 assay showed there were no significant difference of the light absorption value of cells in the CPC extraction in the 4th,6th,8th day compare to the control group (P＞0.05).ConclusionThe novel CPC material has the strong biomechanics performance,macropores,high microporosity and excellent biocompatibility,which is promising for ideal bone tissue engineering scaffold.

Rat aorta media, adventitia and cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were used in this study to identify the source of nitric oxide (NO) generation from various cell types of vascular tissues and to elucidate the mechanisms involved in NO formation. Treatment of vascular media and VSMCs with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta)] resulted in a dose-dependent increase of NO release. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the stimulated VSMCs was significantly upregulated as shown by Western blot analysis. Protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H7) prevented LPS-, TNF-alpha- and IL-1beta-induced NO production, whereas N-(2-guanidinoethyl)-5-isoquinoline-sulfonamide (HA1004), an H7 analogue with little activity towards PKC, had no inhibition effect. The role of PKC in LPS- and cytokine-induced changes on NO formation was confirmed by using another structurally distinct PKC inhibitor chelerythrine. Treatment of VSMCs with protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor genistein or tyrphostin AG18 also reduced the NO production evoked by LPS, TNF-alpha or IL-1beta, which was associated with inhibition of iNOS protein expression. In contrast, PKC inhibitor chelerythrine did not affect iNOS expression. These results suggest that PTK mediates LPS- and cytokine-induced NO formation by upregulation of iNOS expression. PKC may be involved in the post-translational modification of iNOS or the regulation of the availability of iNOS substrates and cofactors.
Animals ; Aorta, Thoracic ; cytology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytokines ; pharmacology ; Interleukin-1beta ; pharmacology ; Lipopolysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; cytology ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; biosynthesis ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; metabolism ; Protein Kinase C ; physiology ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVEConditioned taste preference (CTP) is a taste learning reflex by which an animal learns to prefer a substance which tastes not well and has been studied with much interest in recent years. However, the neural substrates of CTP are less known. This study aimed to determine the possible neural path- ways of CTP and whether serum leptin level and the leptin receptor (OB-Rb) in the hind brain are involved following CTP formation.

METHODSWe established CTP of quinine in rats with a 2-bottle preference test. The serum leptin concentrations were detected, the expression of c-fos in the rat brain was tested to determine the nuclei in relation with establishment of CTR Finally, the OB-Rb mRNA expression was examined by RT-qPCR assay in parabrachial nucleus (PBN) and the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) of the hind brain.

RESULTSCompared with control group, the level of serum leptin was higher in the CTP group (4.58 ± 0.52 vs 1.67 ± 0.25 µg/L, P < 0.01); increased c-fos positive cells were found in the anterior hypothalamus (AH, 221.75 ± 4.96 vs. 178.50 ± 6.63 cells/mm², P < 0.05), the basal lateral amygdala (BLA, 70.75 ± 6.17 vs 56.50 ± 3.62 cells/ mm², P < 0.05) and the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST, 41.25 ± 1.32 vs 32.50 ± 1.02 cells/mm², P < 0.05). But in ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH, 20.75 ± 2.73 vs 38.5 ± 1.54 per 1 mm², P < 005), PBN (21.50 ± 2.24 vs 36.25 ± 1.49 cells/mm², P < 0.05) and the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA, 22.25 ± 1.53 vs 35.50 ± 2.11 cells/mm², P < 0.05), the number of c-fos positive cells was decreased in the CTP group. In addition, we found OB-Rb mRNA expression in PBN of CTP group rats was higher than that of control group (0.95 ± 0.055 vs 0.57 ± 0.034, P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference of OB-Rb mRNA expression in NST between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONNuclei AH, BLA, NST, VMH, PBN and CeA participate in the formation of CTP. Leptin and its receptor in PBN may be involved in the formation and maintenance of CTP.

Animals ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Leptin ; blood ; Rats ; Receptors, Leptin ; physiology ; Rhombencephalon ; physiology ; Taste ; physiology

Objective To observe the brain activation of interictal epiletiform discharges(IEDs) and to localize the epileptogenic foci of epilepsy.Methods The electroencephalogram(EEG)and functional MRI data of 12 focal epileptic patients were acquired using a combination of EEG and functional MRI simultaneously.The IEDs onset time detected with EEG were set as the time parameters in an event- related paradigm of functional MRI analysis.The spatial and temporal characters of IEDs activation were analyzed in detail.In order to confirm the consistency of this method,all patients were scanned repeatedly and the results were correlated with clinical evaluation.Results Of the 12 patients,valid data from EEG- fMRI were obtained from 10 patients in a total of 18 sessions..Compared with the structural foci,the epileptic foci localization results of eleven sessions were good,five sessions were fairly good,and two sessions were poor.The results obtained from six patients in two separate sessions were concordant.respectively.Moreover,thalamic activation was detected in ten sessions,cerebellar activation was detected in all sessions,and the deactivation was found in the default mode loci in nine sessions. Conclusion The method of performing EEG and fMRI simultaneously can potentially be a useful tool in epilepsy research.

OBJECTIVETo study the anti-tumor immunotherapeutic effect induced by the suicidalcancer vaccine FC/TK, and to evaluate the safety of this vaccine.

METHODSThe suicidal cancer vaccine, named FC/TK, was prepared by fusion of suicide gene (HSVI,-TK gene) -modified ovarian carcinoma NuTu-19 cells with rat bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs). The morphology of FC/TK was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The stimulatory effect of FC/TK on T cells was determined by T cell proliferation assay. In immunotherapeutic studies in vivo, Fischer344 rats were injected subcutaneously with NuTu-19 cells, followed by treatment of FC/TK on days 7 and 14, compared to controls treated with irradiated FC/TK, FC or PBS, respectively. Tumor incidence and volume were measured in 90 days after challenge. To determine the killing effect of FC/TK in vivo, TUNEL assays were applied to detect apoptotic cell death in spleen of vaccinated rats with prodrug ganciclovir administration.

RESULTSFC/TK cells were of irregular shape with surface membrane processes. Compared to the control groups, FC/TK significantly promoted T cell proliferation (P <0.01). The rats vaccinated with FC/TK and FC significantly inhibited the tumor growth compared to rats vaccinated with irradiated FC/TK (P <0.05) or with PBS ( P <0.01). The immunotherapeutic effect induced by FC/TK was similar to that using FC. Fluorescence microscopy showed that fluorescein-stained FC/TK cells migrated into spleen also showed to be TUNEL-positive, suggesting that the FC/TK cells were killed by ganciclovir in vivo.

CONCLUSIONOur data indicate that suicidal cancer vaccine is an effective and safe therapy for ovarian carcinoma and may serve as a broadly applicable approach for other cancer vaccines in the future.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cancer Vaccines ; immunology ; Cell Fusion ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Dendritic Cells ; cytology ; immunology ; Female ; Ganciclovir ; pharmacology ; Genes, Transgenic, Suicide ; Herpesvirus 1, Human ; enzymology ; genetics ; Immunotherapy ; methods ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Neoplasms, Experimental ; enzymology ; pathology ; therapy ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; enzymology ; pathology ; therapy ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; Survival Analysis ; T-Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Thymidine Kinase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo develop an HPLC method for the determination of serum level of Crebanine (Cre) and study on the pharmacokinetics of Cre injection in rabbits.

METHODTo sample blood serum from the rabbits' ears which were injected the Cre by 2.0 mg x kg(-1) at different time and use HPLC to determine the concentration of Cre in it, the pharmacokinetic parameters were accessed by the DAS software.

RESULTCre was fitted to a two compartment open pharmacokinetic model in rabbits. There was no signifiant difference between the male and female rabbits'pharmacokinetic by t-test. The mainly pharmacokinetic parameters were: t1/2alpha = (3. 246 +/-0.222) min, t1/2beta = (36.67+/-5.52) min, Cmax = (1.401 +/- 0.062) mg x L(-1), Vd = (5.928 +/- 0.877) L x kg(-1), Cl = (0. 051 +/-0.003) L x min(-1) x kg(-1).

CONCLUSIONThis experiment can objectively show the pharmacokinetics regularity of Crebanine injection in rabbits. Crebanine injection was a speeding disposition drug (t1/2 <1 h) and disposed extensively and rapidly in rabbits.

Animals ; Aporphines ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Female ; Injections ; Male ; Metabolic Clearance Rate ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rabbits ; Stephania ; chemistry

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Aged ; Angiography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phlebography ; Thrombolytic Therapy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Venous Thrombosis ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy

Objective To study the genotypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(M.tuberculosis)strains isolated from Jiangsu province and to explore the relationship between the 'Beijing family' and the drug resistance of M.tuberculosis.Methods Two hundred and sixty M.tuberculosis strains were isolated from 30 drug surveillance sites in Jiangsu province.Susceptibility of the isolates to the first-line antituberculosis drugs(isoniazid,streptomycin,rifampicin and ethambutol)was tested by using the proportion method.Molecular typing of M.tuberculosis strains was determined by Spoligotyping and analyzed with BioNumerics software.Results Based on Spoligotyping fingerprint,260 strains showed 34 different genotypes,including 27 exclusive genotypes and 7 shared genotypes.These strains could be clustered into two groups:the Beijing family(80.4％,209/260)and the Non-Beijing family(19.6％,51/260).Data from logistic regression analysis revealed that infection by the Beijing family was related to an increased risk of multi-drug resistant M.tuberculosis,with the OR(95％ CI)of 11.07(1.45-84.50).Non-Beijing families including T1,T2,H3,H4,CAS,LAM,U and MANU2 families were also found.Among them,the CAS,LAM and MANU2 families were first reported in Jiangsu province.Conclusion It was revealed that the marked gene polymorphisms did exist in M.tuberculosis strains.The Beijing family had been the predominant strain circulating in Jiangsu province,which might be related to multi-drug resistant M.tuberculosis strains.

OBJECTIVETo explore the efficacy and safety of 980 nm diode laser vaporization in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

METHODSWe treated 92 BPH patients by 980 nm diode laser vaporization. The patients were aged 65 - 89 years, with a mean prostate volume of (50.1 +/- 13.0) ml. We analyzed and compared the mean operation time, intra-operative blood loss, postoperative complications, international prostate symptom score (IPSS), quality of life (QOL) score, maximum urine flow rate (Qmax), and post void residual (PVR) before and after surgery.

RESULTSOperations were successful in all the 92 cases, with an average operation time of (70.2 +/- 16.9) min, very little blood loss and no blood transfusion. The transurethral catheter indwelling time was 2 -5 (2.4 +/- 0.3) days. The patients were followed up for 1 to 3 months, which revealed a significant reduction in IPPS (P < 0.01) and improvement in Qmax and PVR (P < 0.01) as compared with preoperation. No severe complications were reported, including urinary incontinence and bladder irritation symptoms. None of the patients complained of impaired erectile function.

CONCLUSIONTransurethral 980 nm diode laser vaporization is a safe and effective treatment for BPH.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; methods ; Lasers, Semiconductor ; Male ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; surgery ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; methods ; Treatment Outcome