Fungal polyketide synthases are responsible for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as pigments, mycotoxins, and they are very important in pharmacology , food science and agriculture. The recent advances in the methods for the isolation and manipulation of multiple classes of polyketide synthase genes from fungi were introduced. It is useful for discovery of novel fungal polyketide synthase gene clusters. These methods can also be useful for revealing the genetic potential of fungi to produce multiple types of bioactive polyketide.

Objective To investigate the organophosphorus pesticides residues in vegetables in Ji'nan,China.Methods From 2005 to 2007,the residues of ten kinds of organaphosphorous pesticides,including methamidophos,parathion-ethyl, parathionm-ethyl,dichlorvos,phorate,monocrotophos,omethoate,dimethoate,chlorpyrifos,malathion were determined in 8 kinds of vegetables by capillary gas chromatography.Results In the 597 vegetables samples,the total detection rate of organaphosphorous pesticides was 32.66%,in 25.63% of the samples,the contents of organaphosphorous pesticides residues exceeded the national standard limits.In leek,the detection rate was 65.56% and the exceeded limit rate was 52.22%.In addition, more than one kind of pesticide could be detected in one kind of vegetable.The concentration of methamidophos,the most serious pollutant,could reach 114.013 mg/kg.Omethoate could also be detected at 11.807 mg/kg.In this investigation,a downtrend was seen in the rate of exceeding standard limits and the difference in seasons in the detection rate of pesticides residues was also seen. Conclusion The detection rate of high toxic organaphosphorous pesticides in vegetables sampled in this study is higher,it indicates that the situation of pesticides abuse is serious in this area.

Objective To synthesize 99Tcm- (hydrazinonictinamide- [Lys3] -bombesin) (tricine)(trisodium triphenylphosphine-3,3',3"-trisulfonate) ((HYNIC-[Lys3]-BBS) (tricine) (TPPTS)) and evaluate its biodistribution and binding capability with tumor tissue in Balb/c nude mice bearing human pancreatic cancer xenografts. Methods HYNIC was conjugated to the [Lys3] -BBS at pH = 9.0 with SnCl2 as reducing agent and both tricine and TPPTS as coligands for 99Tcm-labeling. 99Tcm-HYNIC-[Lys3]-BBS)(tricine) (TPPTS) was purified by Sep-Pak C18 cartridge and was analysed by HPLC. The radiochemical purity and radiolabeling yield were measured. The stability of 99Tcm-(HYNIC-[Lys3]-BBS) (tricine)(TPPTS) in serum, biodistribution (% ID/g) in the normal mice and imaging of the Balb/c nude mice bearing human pancreatic cancer xenografts in vivo were studied. Results The radiolabeling yield was (90 ±2)% and the radiochemical purity was over 95%. The radiochemical purity after 4 h in serum was over 85%. The distribution in normal mice showed rapid clearance from blood (the uptake was (0.07 ±0.01) %ID/g at 2 h postinjection). 99Tcm-(HYNIC-[Lys3]-BBS) (tricine) (TPPTS) was excreted mainly via the kidney with little radioactivity accumulation in the liver and gastrointestinal tract (the uptake of liver, stomach, intestine was (0.27 ±0.03), (0.06 ±0.03), (0.04 ±0.00) %ID/g at 2 h postinjection). Marked uptake of radioactivity was found in tumor tissue of the Balb/c nude mice bearing human pancreatic cancer with maximum T/NT ratio of 3.71 ± 0.57 at 2 h postinjection. Conclusions 99Tcm-(HYNIC-[Lys3]-BBS)(tricine) (TPPTS) can be easily prepared with high radiolabeling yield and radiochemical purity. The stability in serum and good biodistribution charateristics make it useful for the diagnosis of human pancreatic cancer with over-expression of the gastric-releasing peptide(GRP) receptor.

Objective To explore the function of fluorescent probe JC-1 in detecting the changes of mitochondrial membrane potential(△?m)in early apoptotic cells.Methods After 2-ME was used to induce MUTZ-1 cell apoptosis,cells were dyed with fluorescent probe JC-1,and then the changes of △?m in the early stage of apoptotic cells were analyzed by flow cytometry or detected under fluorescent microscope. Results The control cells with high △?m are those forming JC-1 aggregates in the inner membrane of mitochondria,thus showing orange-red fluorescence.2-ME caused decrease of △?m in MUTZ-1 cells,in which JC-1 maintains monomeric form,thus showing only green fluorescence.The decreases of △?m were in a time-dependent manner,which were significantly higher than those in control group(P

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of combination of Lumbrukinase Capsule (LC) and Probucol Tablet (PT) in treating cerebral infarction (CI) patients' unstable atheromatous plaque of the carotid artery.

METHODS150 patients were randomly assigned to the PT group and the LC group, 75 cases in each. Patients in the PT group took 0.5 g PT each time, twice daily. On the basis of PT, patients in the LC group also took 600 thousand U LC, thrice daily. The treatment course was 12 months for all. The serum levels of TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, fibrinogen (FIB), and changes of the carotid atherosclerotic plaque were measured before treatment, 6 and 12 months after treatment. Meanwhile, adverse events were recorded.

RESULTSThe serum levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C were all lower 6 months after treatment than before treatment in the two groups, showing statistical significance (P < 0.05). The serum level of HDL-C was higher 6 months after treatment than before treatment in the two groups, showing no statistical significance (P > 0.05). When compared with before treatment in the same group, the serum level of FIB significantly decreased after treatment. Besides, there was statistical difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the serum levels of blood lipids or FIB between 12-month treatment and 6-month treatment in the same group (P > 0.05). The plaque effective rate in the LC group was superior to that of the PT group, showing statistical significance (P < 0.01). During the treatment period, the occurrence of cerebrovascular event was lower in the LC group than in the PT group (P < 0.05). Partial patients in the two groups had gastric discomfort.

CONCLUSIONSThe combination of LC and PT could prevent and treat arteriosclerosis, stabilize the plaque, effectively lower the occurrence of ischemic events. Its clinical application did not increase the risk of hemorrhage. It was safe and effective, worthy of spreading. It was necessary to further observe whether combination of LC and PT could increase side effects of the digestive tract.

Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Biological Products ; therapeutic use ; Carotid Artery Diseases ; drug therapy ; Cerebral Infarction ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Materia Medica ; therapeutic use ; Middle Aged ; Oligochaeta ; enzymology ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; drug therapy ; Probucol ; therapeutic use ; Serine Endopeptidases ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate moisture content and hygroscopicity of spray dry powder of Gubi compound's water extract obtained at different spray drying conditions and laying a foundation for spray drying process of Chinese herbal compound preparation.

METHODIn the paper, on the basis of single-factor experiments, the author choose inlet temperature, liquid density, feed rate, air flow rate as investigated factors.

RESULTThe experimental absorption rate-time curve and scanning electron microscopy results showed that under different spray drying conditions the spray-dried powders have different morphology and different adsorption process.

CONCLUSIONAt different spray-dried conditions, the morphology and water content of the powder is different, these differences lead to differences in the adsorption process, at the appropriate inlet temperature and feed rate with a higher sample density and lower air flow rate, in the experimental system the optimum conditions is inlet temperature of 150 degrees C, feed density of 1.05 g x mL(-1), feed rate of 20 mL x min(-1) air flow rate of 30 m3 x h(-1).

Desiccation ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Particle Size ; Powders ; chemistry ; Temperature ; Water ; analysis ; Wettability

Objective To compare different surgical techniques and clinical effectiveness using infrahyoid myooutaneous flap to restore effects after intraoral cancer surgery.Methods It is a retrospective study in Sichuan cancer hospital, from May 1994 to March 2007, 27 cases were treated surgically with unilateral infrahyoid myocutaneous falp, 19 males and 8 famales.Seven cases of squamous cell tongue carcinoma, 4 eases of tongue root carcinoma, 16 cases of mouth floor carcinoma- The biggest flap was 4 cm × 8 cm.In 8 cases, the flap was formed since the remote end reverse vascular traveling and carried with inferior 1/3 muscular tissue of the stemocleidomastoid muscle on the same side (retrograde flap forming), in 19 cases, vascular pedicla was anatomied with microscopic blood vessel-operating skills along vascular traveling before the flap forming( anterograde flap forming).Eleven cases of the reservation vascularized and infrahyoid muscles in the hyoid attachment (combination pedicle), in 16 cases, the arteria and vena thyroidea superior reserved as the pedicel accompanied with the vena jugularis anterior ( the axial vessle pedicle) ; in 21 cases, the distal end of the vena jugulafis interna was tied up at the place where the vena facialis communis joins to the vena jugularis interna, and the vena jugularis anterior was reserved within the flap ( interference return).Results The survival rate of total 27 cases are 77.8%.The flap necrosis in two cases of total group, 1/3 - 1/2 skin necrosis of the flap was found in 4 cases, in the six cases, flap was formed with retrograde flap forming carry with the ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid, the reason of necrosis was venous flow obstruction.Twenty-one flaps of interference return are all survived, the flap in 19 cases with anterograde flap forming all survived, and 16 cases of the axial infrahyoid flap all survived.Follow-up nine months to 13 years with a median follow-up time for four years.Lost four cases, 23 followed up cases did not found on the flap recurrence of cancer.The primary tumor recurrence in three cases, six cases of cervical lymph node recurrence, Kaplan-Meier method statistics 3,5-year survival rates were 69.8%, 47.2%, respectively.Conclusions To improve the survival rate, the surgical approach of anterograde flap forming is suitable, to anatomize the axial vessle pedicle with microscopic skills, in particular should pay attention to ensure that venous return.Carrying with the same side of the sternocleidomastoid muscle tissue and retaining hyoid attachment of infrahyoid muscles will not increase the survival rate of the muscle flap.

OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical effects and radiographic outcomes of mini-open trans-spatium intermuscular and percutaneous short-segment pedicle fixation in treating thoracolumbar mono-segmental vertebral fractures without neurological deficits.

METHODSFrom August 2009 and August 2012, 95 patients with thoracolumbar mono-segmental vertebral fractures without neurological deficits were treated with short-segment pedicle fixation through mini-open trans-spatium intermuscular or percutaneous approach. There were 65 males and 30 females, aged from 16 to 60 years old with an average of 42 years. The mini-open trans-spatium intermuscular approach was used in 58 cases (group A) and the percutaneous approach was used in 37 cases (group B). Total incision length, operative time, intraoperative bleeding, fluoroscopy, hospitalization cost were compared between two groups. Visual analog scale (VAS) and radiographic outcomes were compared between two groups.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 12 to 36 months with an average of 19.6 months. No complications such as incision infection, internal fixation loosening and breakage were found. In group A, fluoroscopy time was short and hospitalization cost was lower than that of group B (P<0.05). But the total incision length in group B was smaller than that of group A (P<0.05). There was no significant differences in operative time, intraoperative bleeding, postoperative VAS and radiographic outcomes between two groups (P>0.05). Postoperative VAS and radiographic outcomes were improved than that of preoperative (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe mini-open trans-spatium intermuscular and percutaneous short-segment pedicle fixation have similar clinical effects and radiographic outcomes in treating thoracolumbar mono-segmental vertebral fractures without neurological deficits. However, in this study, the mini-open trans-spatium intermuscular approach has a short learning curve and more advantages in hospitalization cost and intraoperative radiation exposure times, and is recommendable.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Fluoroscopy ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Spinal Fractures ; surgery ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery ; Visual Analog Scale

It has long been thought that bioprocess, with their inherent measurement difficulties and complex dynamics, posed almost insurmountable problems to engineers. A novel software sensor is proposed to make more effective use of those measurements that are already available, which enable improvement in fermentation process control. The proposed method is based on mixtures of Gaussian processes (GP) with expectation maximization (EM) algorithm employed for parameter estimation of mixture of models. The mixture model can alleviate computational complexity of GP and also accord with changes of operating condition in fermentation processes, i.e., it would certainly be able to examine what types of process-knowledge would be most relevant for local models' specific operating points of the process and then combine them into a global one. Demonstrated by on-line estimate of yeast concentration in fermentation industry as an example, it is shown that soft sensor based state estimation is a powerful technique for both enhancing automatic control performance of biological systems and implementing on-line monitoring and optimization.
Algorithms ; Bioreactors ; microbiology ; Cell Culture Techniques ; methods ; Cell Proliferation ; Ethanol ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; physiology ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; Online Systems ; Oxygen ; metabolism ; Oxygen Consumption ; physiology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Software

Acupuncture Therapy ; Altitude ; Animals ; Brain Edema ; prevention & control ; Female ; Hypoxia, Brain ; therapy ; Male ; Neurons ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, Adenosine A1 ; metabolism