Aim To investigate the relationship be-tween phosphoprotein EBP50 and the proliferation of breast cancer in MCF-7 cells. Methods The quali-fied recombinant plasmid sh-EBP50-pGPU6/Neo was transfected into MCF-7 cells with EBP50 knocking down. The expression of EBP50, c-myc, p-ERK1/2, and ERK1/2 was detected by Western blot. The prolif-eration ability of cells was detected by sulforhodamine B assay. Results The EBP50 knocking down plasmid was constructed successfully. MCF-7 cells with EBP50 knocking down had been established successfully. Knocking down of EBP50 increased the proliferation of MCF-7 significantly, and partially augmented the ex-pression of c-myc and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 . However, knocking down of EBP50 did not impact the expression of ERK1/2 . Conclusion EBP50 suppres-ses the proliferation of breast cancer cell through inhib-iting the activity of ERK1/2 in MCF-7 cell line.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) refers to tne transition during which epithelial cells undergo the loss of apical-basal polarity, acquisition of migration capability and transformation into mesenchymal cells. EMT induces breast cancer in situ to developing into metastasis and associates with the drug resistence. The multiple elements including signal pathways, transcriptional factors and downstream genes orchestrate the transition. Among them, the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway plays a key role in the regulation of EMT in breast cancer. And this paper reviews the development of TGF-β signaling pathway induced EMT in breast cancer.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) refers to tne transition during which epithelial cells undergo the loss of apical-basal polarity, acquisition of migration capability and transformation into mesenchymal cells. EMT induces breast cancer in situ to developing into metastasis and associates with the drug resistence. The multiple elements including signal pathways, transcriptional factors and downstream genes orchestrate the transition. Among them, the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway plays a key role in the regulation of EMT in breast cancer. And this paper reviews the development of TGF-β signaling pathway induced EMT in breast cancer.
Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Humans ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; physiology

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate evidence foundation of phamracogenetics personalized medication,and to provide refer-ence for clinical application. METHODS:Using“phamracogenetics”“pharmacogenomics”and“gene polymorphism”as key words,related literatures and clinical guideline were retrieved from PubMed,CNKI,Wanfang database,and analyzed in respects of involved gene,site and drug types,etc. Evidences of package inserts of phamracogenetics biomarker were evaluated by using phamracogenetics practice and prevention evaluation guideline. RESULTS:8 276 papers,25 guidelines and 166 drug package in-serts are available for analysis. The phamracogenetics literatures mostly focus on the relationship between some one gene and differ-ent drugs. In guidelines,some one specific gene can guide clinical application of multiple drugs in different fields. In drug package inserts,general level of clinical evidence is not high;detectable biomarkers is inadequate in category,and detection rate is only 38.06% besides targeting preparation. CONCLUSIONS:Under the condition of low clinical evidence level the detection of pharma-cogenetics biomarker should be conducted carefully,and basic study should be further strengthened.

Objective To investigate the relationship between T?cell death?associated gene 8 ( TD?AG8) and endogenous neuron?protective mechanism against oxygen?glucose deprivation and restoration ( OGD∕R)?induced apoptosis in rat neurons. Methods The primary cortical neurons obtained from fetal rats were seeded in 6?well plates at a density of 1×105 cells∕ml and divided into 5 groups using a random number table: control group ( group C, n=24 ) , group OGD∕R ( n=48 ) , TDAG8 agonist BTB09089 group (group BTB, n=24), TDAG8?siRNA group ( group siRNA, n=24), and blank vehicle group ( group V, n=24) . The medium was replaced with glucose?and serum?free Locke′s buffer, and the neu?rons were exposed to 95% N2?5% CO2 in an air?tight incubator at 37℃ for 60 min followed by routine cul?ture to establish the model of OGD∕R. In BTB, siRNA and V groups, 20 μmol∕L TDAG8 agonist
BTB09089, 200 pmol∕L TDAG8?siRNA, and 6 μl∕200 μl transfection reagent were added, respectively, at 24 h before oxygen?glucose restoration. At 6 h of oxygen?glucose restoration, the neuronal viability and a?mount of lactic dehydrogenase ( LDH) released were measured, and the expression of TDAG8 and caspase?3 mRNA in neurons was detected by fluorescent quantitative real?time polymerase chain reaction. In group OGD∕R, the expression of TDAG8 and caspase?3 was measured by Western blot at 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h of oxygen?glucose restoration. In C, OGD∕R, BTB, siRNA and V groups, the expression of TDAG8, caspase?3 and p?Akt was detected at 6 h of oxygen?glucose restoration. Results In group OGD∕R, the ex?pression of TDAG8 was gradually up?regulated after oxygen?glucose restoration, and the expression of caspase?3 peaked at 6 h of oxygen?glucose restoration. Compared with group C, the neuronal viability was significantly decreased, the amount of LDH released was significantly increased, and the expression of TD?AG8 and caspase?3 protein and mRNA and p?Akt was significantly up?regulated in OGD∕R, V and siRNA groups ( P<0?05) . Compared with group OGD∕R, the expression of TDAG8 protein and mRNA and p?Akt was significantly up?regulated, the expression of caspase?3 protein and mRNA was significantly down?regu?lated, the neuronal viability was significantly increased, and the amount of LDH released was significantly decreased in group BTB, the expression of TDAG8 protein and mRNA and p?Akt was significantly down?regulated, the expression of caspase?3 protein and mRNA was significantly up?regulated, the neuronal via?bility was significantly decreased, and the amount of LDH released was significantly increased in group siR?NA ( P<0?05) , and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group V ( P>0?05) . Conclusion TDAG8 is partially involved in the endogenous neuron?protective mechanism against OGD∕R?induced apoptosis in rat neurons, which may be related to activation of Akt signaling pathway.

Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Separation ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; Fibronectins ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; cytology ; Stem Cells ; cytology

Objective To evaluate the effect of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on lidocaine-induced apoptosis in dorsal root ganglion cells (DRGCs) of rats in vitro.Methods DRGCs in the logarithmic phase were incubated in culture plates at the density of 2 × 104 cells/cm2 (27 wells in total).DRGCs were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =9 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),lidocaine treatment group (group L) and BMSC treatment group (group B).The DRGCs in group C were incubated routinely without lidocaine,while the DRGCs were incubated for 2 h with lidocaine with the final concentration of 50 mmol/L in L and B groups.The DRGCs were then incubated normally in group L.The DRGCs were then co-cultured with the BMSCs which were incubated in Transwell chambers with the density of 2 × 104 cells/cm2 in group B.DRGCs were collected at 48 h of incubation for detection of apoptosis by flow cytometry.Apoptosis rate was calculated.Results Compared with group C,the apoptosis rate was significantly increased in L and B groups (P ＜ 0.05).The apoptosis rate was significantly lower in group B than in group L (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion BMSCs can reduce lidocaine-induced apoptosis in DRGCs of rats in vitro,indicating that BMSCs may reduce local anesthetics-produced toxicity to the peripheral nerve.

Objective:To study the amino acid and codon usage profile of HIV-1 Env gene in donors whose serum exhibit highly broad cross-neutralizing activity. Methods:The samples were divided into highly broad cross-neutralizing activity group (hBCN + group) and non-highly broad cross-neutralizing activity group (hBCN - group) based on whether the neutralization breadth was higher than 90% or not. Full-length Env genes were amplified by single genome amplification (SGA) method from patients′ plasma samples, and the characteristics of Env sequences in hBCN + group were compared with hBCN - group. The correspondence analysis (COA) on relative amino acid usage (RAAU), adaptability to host based on similarity index D( A, B) and relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) values of Env genes (hBCN + and hBCN -) with respect to human host RSCU were analyzed. Results:Correspondence analysis showed that the RAAU data of hBCN + group and hBCN - group were distributed along the two main axes to form two relatively separated clusters, indicating that the Env genes of the two groups had relatively unique amino acid usage patterns; the similarity index calculation results showed that hBCN + group (0.097) was lower than the hBCN - group (0.102), in addition, the Env gene of the hBCN + group had less frequency of similarly selected codons with human host system compared to hBCN - group. Conclusions:Env genes in hBCN + group and hBCN - group may have relatively unique amino acid usage patterns, and virus strains in hBCN + group are less adaptable to the host than those in hBCN - group.

Objective For Genistein has been reported to inhibit many tumors ,we investigate the role of autophagy in the proliferation inhibition to Hela cells by Genistein and the machanism of autophagy plays in this process.Methods Human cervical cancer Hela cells were divided into control group,Genistein group and 3-MA+Genistein group,the control group were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum(FBS),Genistein group were cultured in various concentrations Genistein(25,50,100μmol/L),3-MA+Genistein group were treated with 5mmol/L 3-MA for 1h before cultured in 100μmol/L Genistein.The proliferation inhibitory rate of Hela cells was detected by MTT method.The ultrastructure changes of Hela cells was observed under transmission electronic microscope(TEM).The levels of autophagy-associated protein P62 and Beclin-1 were detected by Western blotting analysis.The expressions of autophagy-associated proteins LC3A/B in Hela cells were determined by fluorescent staining to analyse the autophagy induced by Genistein in Hela cells.Results Compared with control group ,the proliferation inhibitory rate of Hela cells was 20.9%±1.3%,33.5%±1.6% and 46.5%±3.2% when cultured in 25,50,100μmol/L Genistein(P<0.01).After treated with various concentrations Genistein for 48h, we observed a dose-dependent increase in the expression of Beclin-1 and decrease of P62.Confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed the fluorescent density of LC3A/B expression in Hela cells treated with 100μmol/L Genistein increased significantly as compared with control group.TEM showed there are many vacuoles and double-membrane autophagosomes which involved cytoplasmic components in Hela cells treated with 100μmol/L Genistein.The proliferation inhibitory rate of Hela cells of Genistein group is decreased as compared with those in 3-MA+Genistein group[(46.5±3.2)% vs (58.2±2.2)%,P<0.01].Conclusion Genistein could inhibit Hela cells proliferation and induce autophagy.

Objective To analyze the associations of the interleukin-10 (IL-10) promoter-1082G/A and-819C/T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and serum level of IL-10 with intracranial aneurysm (IAs). Methods The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA direct sequencing methods were used to detect IL-10 gene promoter district two SNP site,-1082G/A and-819C/T genotype frequency and allele frequency in 206 patients with IAs and 187 controls. Chi-square test was used to analyze differences between two groups. The serum level of IL-10 was analyzed by ELISA, and t-test was used to analyze significant differences between two groups. Results There were significant differences in genotypes of GG and GA+AA, as well as the alleles G and A, in-1082G/A locus between IAs group and control group (P<0.01). There were higher frequencies of genotype GA+AA and the allele A in IAs group than those in control group (P<0.01). There was higher risk of suffering IAs in patients with genotype GA+AA (OR=4.137, 95%CI:2.476-6.914) and the allele A (OR=3.368, 95%CI:2.476-4.583). There were higher frequencies of the genotype CT+TT and the allele T in-819C/T locus in IAs group than those of control group (P<0.01). There was higher risk of suffering IAs in patients with genotype CT+TT (OR=3.393, 95%CI:1.952-5.900) and the allele T (OR=3.764, 95%CI:2.730-5.192). The serum level of IL-10 was significantly lower in IAs group than that of control group (P<0.01). Conclusion The IL-10 promoter SNP influences the expression of IL-10. IL-10 promoter-1082G/A and-819C/T polymorphisms are correlated with the formation of IAs.