Objective To investigate the role of HO-1 in inhibition of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced apoptosis in rat hippocampal neurons by sevoflurane preconditioning.Methods Hippoeanlpal neurons of newborn Wistar rats (<48 h) were cultured in vitro.Tne neurons were randomly divided into 6 groups with 108 wells in each group:control group(group C),2% sevoflurane preconditioning group (group S1),OGD group,S1 +OGD group,4% sevoflurane preconditioning+OGD group (group S2+OGD),and 4% sevoflurane preconditioning+ZnPPⅨ+OGD group(group Z).Group C received no treatment.The neurons were cultured for 24 h after 2% sevoflurane preconditioning in group S1.For OGD experiments,the neurons were placed in deoxygenated glucose-free medium and sealed under 95% N2-5% CO2 in an anaerobic chamber equilibrated to 37℃ and 100%humidity for 45 min.then OGD was terminated by replacement of the stored medium and returning the cultures to a standard incubator maintained at 37℃ in 5% C02 and the neurons were cultured for 24 h as described by Ray et al. The OGD model was established after 2% and 4% sevoflurane preconditioning in group S1 + OGD and S2 + OGD respectively. In group Z, when the neurons were preconditioned with 4% sevoflurane, ZnPPⅨ was added to the culture medium at the same time, and the other procedures were the same as those in group S2 + OGD. The neuron viability, apoptesis rate, and expression of HO-I protein and mRNA were detected at 24 h of culture. Results Compared with group C, neuron viability was significantly decreased,apoptosis rate was significantly increased, and expression of HO-1 protein and mRNA was up-regulated in group OGD, S1 + OGD, S2 + OGD and Z, expression of HO-1 protein and mRNA was up-regulated in group S1 ( P < 0.01 ), but no significant change was found in neuron viability and apoptosis rate in group S1 ( P > 0.05). Compared with group OGD, neuron viability was significantly increased, apoptosis rate was significantly decreased, and expression of HO-1 protein and mRNA was up-regulated in group S1 + OGD and S2 + OGD ( P < 0.01), but no significant change was found in the indexes mentioned above in group Z ( P > 0.05 ). Neuron viability was significantly higher, apoptosis rate lower and expression of HO-1 protein and mRNA higher in group S2 + OGD than in group S1 + OGD ( P < 0.01). Neuron viability was significantly lower, apoptosis rate higher and expression of HO-1 protein and mRNA lower in group Z than in group S2+OGD(P<0.01).Conclusion HO-1 is involved in the inhibition of OGD-indueed apoptosis in rat hippocampal neurons by sevoflurane preconditioning.

Objective To study the radiosensitivity enhancement effects of recombinant adenovirus mediated retinoblastoma 94 gene on the growth of esophageal carcinoma cells EC109.Methods EC109cells was transfected with recombinant Rb94 gene adenovirus and irradiated by 137Cs γ-rays.The cohorts were divided into groups as blank control,Ad-LacZ,Ad-Rb94,radiation and Ad-Rb94 combined with radiation.Cell inhibition ratio,cell cycle and expression of retinoblastoma protein of EC109 cells were analyzed.Results The growth of EC109 cells transfected with Ad-Rb94,radiation and Ad-Rb94 combined with radiation group was all inhibited.The group of Ad-Rb94 combined with radiation resulted in greater inhibition of cells growth compared with Ad-Rb94 group and radiation group ( F =23.31,P ＜0.05 ).Cells of G2 phases of EC109 cancinoma cells for Ad-Rb94 combined with radiation group were the highest,which was 50％.The combination of Ad-Rb94 and radiation group resulted in the greatest expression of retinoblastoma protein,which reached 71％,significantly higher than Ad-Rb94 infection and radiation groups ( x2 =8.31,6.73,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Retinoblastoma 94 gene combined with ionizing radiation can enhance the radiation sensitivity of EC109 cells.

Field operations,work and war on plateau is an important part of future war. It is necessary to study the early treatment and evacuation of scull injury. Research and survey were made in 7 field hospitals and hundreds of records were summaried before treatment criterion in early phase was put forward for patients on plateau as well as the evacuation in different level and stage,which aims to actively save patients' lives within limited time and reduce the death rate and prevent deformity. References are provided for war,training,and construction in battlefield.

Adult ; Cosmetics ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; Female ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism ; chemically induced ; Mercuric Chloride ; adverse effects ; analysis ; Mercury ; adverse effects ; analysis

Objective To study the dynamic air quality of clean ICU so as to provide evidence for hospital infection management in clean ICU.Methods Flat natural sedimentation method,six percussive determination of planktonic bacteria and dust particle counting method were used to get samples at three different time periods,different regions for four consecutive days in 100 000 air clean ICU.Results The counts of 0.5μm,5 μm dust particles at different time ( morning,afternoon,evening) were significantly different( F =78.85,89.94 ;P ＜ 0.01 ) and the monitor results of different regions( single rooms,double rooms,hall) were significantly different( F =20.21,16.17; P ＜ 0.01 ).The number of planktonic bacteria at different time (morning,afternoon,evening) were significant different(F =14.21,P ＜0.01 ),while there was no difference in different regions ( single rooms,double rooms,hall) ( F =0.98,P ＞ 0.05 ).There was significant difference of depositing bacterial counts at different time and regions( F =5.68,17.05,P ＜ 0.01 ) and there was a positively correlation between planktonic bacterial counts and depositing bacterial counts ( r =0.612,P ＜ 0.05 ).Each level of bacterial average counts of six percussive samplers measured was significantly different (F =8.35,P ＜ 0.01 ),with fifth grade most and fourth grade following.Conclusions Air quality of ICU is not good especially when making ward round; Less than 5 μm particles dominant; the counts of planktonic bacteria and depositing bacteria is increasing when dust particles counts increase,and the air quality of single rooms and double rooms is better than that of the hall.

Objective To investigate the effect of employers' respirator and hat wearing method on class 100 000 clean ICU air quality,in order to provide basis for hospital infection management in ICU.Methods For the control group,the first day (d1) and third day (d3),every employer was demanded to wear a respirator and a hat before entering the ICU.For the observation group,the second day (d2) and forth day (d4),employers were demanded not to wear any respirator or hat.During all four days,they must wear respirator and hat before any nursing operation.Air quality was sampled by class 100 000 clean air using flat panel natural settlement method,dust planktonic bacteria method and particle counting method.The amount of dust,plankton bacterium and descending bacteria were monitored for 4 days and compared between two groups.Results The difference of 0.5 μm dust particles in ICU between the control group and the observation group were statistically significant ( F =40.95,P ＜ 0.05 ).As to 5.0 μm dust particles,there was no significant difference between two groups (F =2.86,P ＞ 0.05 ).0.5 μm dust particles in ICU was lower at d1 and d3,and the difference was statistically significant ( F =40.95,P ＜ 0.05).The number of 0.5 μm dust particles had significant difference between different periods of a day:the morning time segmcnt＞ evening ＞ afternoon ( F =80.72,P ＜0.05 ).The number of 0.5 μm dust particles in the observation group was higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant ( F =68.84,P ＜ 0.05 ).The number of 5.0 μm dust particles had significant difference between different time periods of a day:the morning time segment ＞afternoon ＞ evening ( F =98.17,P ＜ 0.01 ).The number of dust particles at hall was larger than that at single and double rooms (P ＜0.01 ),but the number had no difference between single room and double room.More subsidence bacteria and floatingbacteria was detected during dl and d3 in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Besides,the difference of the number of subsidence bacteria and floating bacteria in ICU between different time periods was also statistically significant ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions The number of 0.5 μm dust particles in ICU is smaller when workers wear hats and respirators,while the number of 5.0 μm dust particles remains the same.Under the other conditions remain unchanged,the mainly cause of number increase of dusts,planktonic bacteria and sedimentation bacteria in the morning rounds is the increasing number of working staff.ICU staff has no apparent effect on dynamic class 100 000 clean ICU air quality whether they wear respirators or hats.This kind of behavior is not the key management elements in clean ICU environment.

OBJECTIVETo compare the effect of high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) and conventional mandatory ventilation (CMV) on the myocardial function of rabbits with inhalation injury.

METHODSSteam inhalation injury model was reproduced in 16 New Zealand albino rabbits. They were randomly divided into CMV group (n = 8) and HFOV group (n = 8) by drawing lots, and they received ventilation in metered volume and HFOV treatment respectively. Heart blood was drawn from rabbits before they were sacrificed 4 hours after treatment to determine the plasma activity of lactate dehydrogenase 1 (LDH1) and creatine phosphorylated kinase (CPK-MB). Myocardial tissue from left ventricle was harvested and homogenized to determine the concentration of TNF-α and IL-8, the activity of caspase-1, and the activity of myosin-light-chain kinase (MLCK) and the ATPase of myosin light chain (MLC-ATPase) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, spectrophotometry, and the nuclide liquid scintillation technique respectively. Part of the myocardial tissue sample was examined pathologically. Data were processed with analysis of variance.

RESULTS(1) The activities of LDH1 and CPK-MB in plasma were obviously higher in CMV group than in HFOV group [(643 ± 108), (342 ± 48) U vs. (233 ± 92), (186 ± 36) U, with F value respectively 10.326 and 9.846, P values all below 0.01]. (2) The contents of TNF-α, IL-8 and the activity of caspase-1 in myocardial tissue homogenate were obviously higher in CMV group than in HFOV group [(181 ± 35), (89 ± 19) pg/g, and (0.56 ± 0.27) g/g protein vs. (94 ± 21), (43 ± 11) pg/g, and (0.24 ± 0.12) g/g protein, with F value respectively 8.239, 7.826, 5.716, P values all below 0.01]. (3) The activities of MLC-ATPase and MLCK were lower in CMV group than in HFOV group [(0.24 ± 0.12) µmol×mg(-1)×min(-1), (3.3 ± 1.1) mmol×mg(-1)×min(-1) vs. (0.48 ± 0.16) µmol×mg(-1)×min(-1), (7.7 ± 1.7) mmol×mg(-1)×min(-1), with F value respectively 4.125, 4.766, P values all below 0.01]. (4) No obvious necrosis, degeneration or inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in myocardial tissue of rabbits in 2 groups under light microscope; but the myocardial fiber was slightly swollen, and it was less marked in the HFOV group.

CONCLUSIONSThe influence of HFOV on myocardial myosin phosphorylation system of rabbits with inhalation injury is less than that of CMV.

Animals ; Burns, Inhalation ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; therapy ; High-Frequency Ventilation ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase ; metabolism ; Rabbits ; Respiration, Artificial

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) and its combination with administration of pulmonary surfactant (PS) on inflammatory response of lung tissue in rabbits with inhalation injury.

METHODSSevere steam inhalation injury models were reproduced in 24 New Zealand albino rabbits. They were divided into control group (n = 8), HFOV group (n = 8), and HFOV + PS group (n = 8) according to the random number table, and they received ventilation in metered volume, HFOV, and HFOV + PS treatment respectively. Lung tissue samples of rabbits were collected at 3.5 h after treatment for pathological inspection and pulmonary injury score, assay of the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease 1 (caspase-1), and the determination of the contents of TNF-alpha, IL-18, IL-10, IL-13 and their mRNA expression.

RESULTSPathological change in different degree of rabbit lung tissue in each group were observed, and they were most obvious in the control group, and least in the HFOV + PS group. The lung tissue injury scores of control group, HFOV group, and HFOV + PS group was 3.71 +/- 0.43, 2.87 +/- 0.26, and 2.08 +/- 0.28 respectively. The difference between either two of them were statistically significant (P < 0.01). The MPO content and caspase-1 activity of rabbits in HFOV and HFOV + PS groups were obviously lower than those in control group (P < 0.01), and MPO content and caspase-1 activity of rabbits in HFOV + PS group were obviously lower than those in HFOV group (P < 0.05). In HFOV group and HFOV + PS group, the contents of TNF-alpha, IL-18 and their mRNA expression in lung tissue homogenates were obviously lower than those in control group (P < 0.01); while the contents of IL-10, IL-13 and their mRNA expression were obviously higher than those in control group (P < 0.01). Changes in these contents and expression in HFOV + PS group were more obvious than those in HFOV group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSHFOV can alleviate inflammatory response in rabbit lung tissue and pulmonary injury induced by inhalation injury, and the effect is more obvious when combined with PS.

Animals ; Burns, Inhalation ; complications ; therapy ; Disease Models, Animal ; High-Frequency Ventilation ; Inflammation ; Lung Injury ; etiology ; therapy ; Pulmonary Surfactants ; therapeutic use ; Rabbits

Objective To detect the expression levels of high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (HMGB1) and Th17 cells transcription factors, related cytokines in peripheral blood of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and analyze the relations between HMGB1 and CRP, ESR, RF in RA patients. The other aim of this study is to identify the expression level of HMGBI and the relationship between HMGB1 and Th17 in RA patients. Methods The mRNA levels of HMGB1, RORyt, interleukin (IL)-17 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR) from 80 patients with rheumatoid arthritis,including 32 RA patients in stable phase and 48 patients in active phase, and 50 healthy volunteers. The concentration of HMGB1, IL-23, IL-17 in plasma were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), one-way ANOVA and Spearman's correleation were adopted for statistical analysis.Results The mRNAs of HMGBI, RORyt and IL-17 in RA patients were higher than that in healthy control group (P<0.05), especially in active RA patients [ HMGB 1 (0.424±0.262) pg/ml, RORγt (0.34±0.25) pg/ml,IL-17 (1.42±0.38) pg/ml,P<0.01 ] when compared with patients with stable disease. The concentration of HMGB1, IL-23 and IL-17 in the plasma of RA patients was higher than that of the healthy control group (P< 0.05), and was positively correlated with the expression levels of HMGB1, Th 17-associated factors and the level of CRP, ESR, RF in RA patients' plasma(P<0.05). Conclusion The HMGB1 and Thl7 cells levels are higher in active RA patients than those in patients with stable disease, arid there is significant positive correlation between them. Detection of peripheral HMGB1 and Thl7 cell-specific transcription factors or related cytokines can help to understand the development and progress of rheumatoid arthritis and provide clues for new treatment targets for RA.

BACKGROUNDWe investigated the impact of eliminating the impingement between extensor mechanism and tibial insert on patellar tracking and patellar ligament tension in high knee flexion.

METHODSSix cadaveric specimens were tested on an Oxford-type testing rig. The Genesis II knee system was implanted into each specimen knee with the traditional tibial insert and high-flex insert successively. Compared to traditional insert, the high-flex insert was characterized with a chambered anterior post and a chambered anterior lip which eliminates patella-post and patellar ligament-anterior lip impingements. The patella was tracked with an NDI Optotrak Certus system. The patellar ligament tension was measured using a NKB S-type tension transducer.

RESULTSThere was a decrease of resultant patellar translation relative to the femur with statistically significant (P<0.05) at 90 degrees to 150 degrees of knee flexion and a decrease of patellar ligament tension with statistical significance (P<0.05) at 100 degrees, 120 degrees, 130 degrees, and 140 degrees of flexion using high-flex insert compared to traditional insert.

CONCLUSIONSEliminating the impingement between extensor mechanism and implant in high knee flexion altered patellar tracking and reduced patellar ligament tension, which would facilitate high knee flexion.

Biomechanical Phenomena ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Knee Joint ; physiology ; Ligaments, Articular ; physiology ; Patellar Ligament ; physiology ; Range of Motion, Articular ; physiology