Objective To evaluate the effects of different doses of lidocaine on suppressing fentanyl-induced cough and determine a safe suppressing dose.Methods Two hundred patients undergoing general anesthesia were randomized to four groups evenly.The following medications were given within ten seconds:normal saline 10ml (groupⅠ,control group),lidocaine 1 mg/kg (groupⅡ),lidoeaine 1.5 mg/kg(groupⅢ),lidocaine 2mg/kg (groupⅣ).Toxic symptoms of lidocaine were recorded within lmin after the administration of lidocaine,then fentanyl 3?g/ kg was given intravenously within 5 seconds.Cough incidence and cough grade were recorded within 2rain after the administration of fentanyl.Systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP),heart rates (HR),and satu- ration of pulse oximeter(SpO2) were recorded during different time points of induction,all recorded data were anal- ysed by the statistical software,P value

OBJECTIVETo explore the expression of polymorphonuclear leucocyte adhesive molecules CD11b/CD18 and to study the possible mechanism of Chinese herbal medicine (TCM) for activating blood circulation to remove stasis in preventing vascular diseases.

METHODSForty-nine patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) but with no complications of hypertension and nephropathy were randomly divided into the treated group (26 patients treated by TCM) and the control group (23 patients treated by conventional treatment). They were treated for 3 months. The changes of urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER), CD11b/CD18 expression and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) concentration before and after treatment were observed.

RESULTSThe CD11b/CD18 expression and TNF-alpha concentration in DM patients were higher than those of normal range (P < 0.01). After treatment, the UAER, CD11b/CD18 expression and TNF-alpha concentration lowered significantly in the treated group (P < 0.01), but unchanged in the control group. Correlation analysis showed that the lowering of UAER was positively correlated with decreasing of CD11b/CD18 (r = 0.64, P < 0.01) and TNF-alpha (r = 0.56, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONExpression of CD11b/CD18 increases in patients with DM type 2. The mechanism of Chinese herbal medicine for activating blood circulation to remove stasis in preventing vascular disease in possibly related with its effect in inhibiting CD11b/CD18 expression.

Aged ; CD11b Antigen ; biosynthesis ; blood ; CD18 Antigens ; biosynthesis ; blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy

Objective To explore the clinical application of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in gastroin- testinal nutrition among critically ill patients.Methods Twenty-two patients were undertaken percutaneous endo- scopic gastrostomy under the lead of gastroscope.The puncturatio site was located in anterior wall of stomach.Results All the procedures were performed successfully for one time.Intraoperational blood pressure was very steady.At the same time,intraoperational SpO_2 of the patients all exceeced 97%.The bleeding amount and operation time were respectively (3.8?1.9) ml and (15.5?2.3) min.Severe complications such as gastrostoma,gastrocolic fistula, pneumoperitoneum,refluxing or aspiration of gastric juice,inhalant pneumonia didn't occur after the operation.Con- clusion Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy was safe and feasible among critically ill patients who needed gastroin- testinal nutrition because of its slight injury,little bleeding and shorter operational time.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the total energy intake, the energy from milk and other foods in the infants aged 4 to 12 months and analyze the factors related to the energy intake.

METHODSTotally 132 infants aged 4 months, who were brought for serial measurements to the Department of Primary Child Care, from November 2004 to March 2005 were enrolled into this study and were serially followed up until 12 months of age. The infants were divided into 3 groups, group A, age 4-5 months; group B, age 6-8 months; group C, age 9-12 months. The weights and the recumbent body lengths were measured by two professional staff members. The assessment of physical growth of the infants was done by using the CDC2000 reference. As the changes of Z score on weight for age (Delta WAZ) were < -0.67 during the two visits, the participation of the infants to this study was discontinued. The dietary intakes of the infants were calculated according to 24 h dietary records or after weighing foods for sequential 3 days,

RESULTS(1) When the Delta WAZs of the participated infants were between 0.67 and -0.67, the food intakes among three groups were 119-128 g/(kg.d), the protein intakes were 1.82 g/(kg x d), 2.76 g/(kg x d) and 3.52 g/(kg x d), respectively. The milk intakes were 76-114 g/(kg x d), which accounted for 93% of energy intakes in group A, 64% in group B and 56% in group C. The energy intakes of the 3 groups were 83.9 kcal/(kg x d), 81.6 kcal/(kg x d), and 85.8 kcal/(kg x d), respectively, which were almost similar to WHO 2003 recommendations, and lower than that of Chinese RNI. (2) The data from multiple linear regression analysis showed that the food intakes and the energy density were the most important factors related to energy intakes. The energy density of all foods was 0.6-0.8 kcal/g.

CONCLUSIONS(1) The growth of the infants was within the normal range as the energy intakes were 82-86 kcal/(kg x d). (2) The infants may need 900-750 g/d of milk to meet the basic requirements of energy and protein. (3) The food intakes and the energy density were the most important factors related to the energy intakes, the appropriate energy density for infants is 0.6-0.8 kcal/g.

Body Height ; physiology ; Body Weight ; physiology ; Breast Feeding ; Child ; Diet Records ; Eating ; physiology ; Energy Intake ; physiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Food ; analysis ; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; physiology ; Milk, Human ; Nutritive Value

ObjectiveTo investigate the role of platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF) and its receptor in the development of hypertrophic scar. MethodsThe expression of PDGF and its receptor were detected in biopsy specimens of 9 pieces of normal skin, 7 pieces of granulation tissue of burn wound and 34 pieces of hypertrophic scar by immunohistochemical staining using specific polyclonal antibodies.ResultsPDGF and its receptor markedly increased in granulation tissue and hypertrophic scars, reaching the peak in the hypertrophic scars within 6 months and then decreased after the peak, whereas PDGF and its receptor expressed weakly in only a few normal skin specimens, and the differences were significant(P<0.05).ConclusionsThe increasing expression of PDGF and its receptor may be related to the development of hypertrophic scar.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the early predictive indices of critical condition in infants and young children with severe pneumonia, and to provide reference for diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

METHODSClinical data were collected on 411 patients (aged 1-36 months) with severe pneumonia who were admitted from January 2009 to December 2011, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed using 23 potential indices. These cases were divided into a critical group of 139 cases who died in hospital or needed rescue or mechanical ventilation during the course of disease and an ordinary group of 411 cases.

RESULTSEight indices with statistical significance were selected to predict the critical condition after multivariate logistic regression analysis, including hypocalcemia with the highest odds ratio (OR) (11.488), followed by sinus tachycardia (7.506), congenital heart disease (5.977), brain disorder symptoms (5.182), premature birth (4.978), blood potassium abnormality (2.910), metabolic acidosis (2.489) and malnutrition (2.048).

CONCLUSIONSThe predictive indices of critical condition in infants and young children with severe pneumonia are hypocalcemia, sinus tachycardia, congenital heart disease, brain disorder symptoms, premature birth, blood potassium abnormality, metabolic acidosis and malnutrition. The infants and young children with these risk factors need intensive care.

Calcium ; metabolism ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Pneumonia ; complications

Objective To analyze the clinical features and operative treatment of traumatic cervical spinal fractures in order to improve the prevention and surgical treatment.Methods A review of 324 cases of traumatic cervical spinal fractures admitted to general hospital of Shenyang military area command from January 2006 to December 2015 was performed to analyze their statistical epidemiology.Data included age,gender,etiologies of trauma,anatomical distribution,ASIA classification of neurological deficit and associated injuries.Results The ages of 324 patients ranged from 18 to 85 years,with a mean value of 43.8 years,70.4％ of all the patients (228/324) received operations,the 30 to 39 year-old patients formed the largest group,accounting for about 27.2％ (88/324).Combined cervical and other segments fracture accounting for about 8.0％ (26/324),among which combined cervical and thoracic spine fracture,combined cervical and lumbar spine fracture,combined cervical,thoracic and lumbar spine fracture accounted for 5.9％ (19/324),1.5％ (5/324),0.6％ (2/324) respectively.The frequency of neurological deficit (65.1％),frequency of complications (4.7 ％) was the largest in the ≥ 60 year-old patients group.The frequency of combined injuries(34.2％) was the largest in the 40 to 49 year-old patients group.High fall,road traffic accident and low fall were the most common etiologies,accounting for 34.6 ％ (112/324),32.1％ (104/324) and 18.8 ％ (61/324) respectively.The sex ratio (7.7 ％),frequency of neurological deficit (92.3％) and frequency of combined injuries (34.6％) were the largest in the patients caused by struck by object group.Among 228 patients who received operations,47 patients presented with ASIA A,12 patients with ASIA B,29 patients with ASIA C,63 patients with ASIA D and 77 patients with ASIA E before operation.After operations,46 patients presented with ASIA A,7 patients with ASIA B,23 patients with ASIA C,53 patients with ASIA D and 99 patients with ASIA E.There were 38 patients(16.7％) had got 1 to 2 grade recovery.Conclusion The epidemiological survey of traumatic cervical spinal fractures reveals that the 30 to 39 year-old patients and high fall was the most common age and etiology for injuries of cervical spinal fracture.The ≥60 year-old patients group and struck by object group presented with the highest frequency of neurological deficit,operation can improve the recovery of neurological deficit,the prevention and treatment should be designed according to the injury features of different individuals.

The proteins encoded by the Herpesviridae β-gene play a critical role in the replication stage of the virus. In this paper, phylogenetic analyses provided evidence that someβ-gene products, such as UL2 and UL23 from HSV1, have their homologous genes in its family, and also exist in prokaryotic organisms, indicating that these viruses appear to have been assembled over evolutionary time by numerous independent events of horizontal gene transfer.

Objective To assess the heritability of serum uric acid in adult,using the classic twin design.Methods Adult Twins were recruited from the Qingdao Twin Registry.Uric acid,height,weight were measured.Zygosity in all the same-sex twin pairs was determined by 16 polymorphic markers.Heritability was assessed by structural equation models,with age,gender and body mass index(BMI) included as covariates.Results In total,687 twin pairs were available for data analyses,including 420 pairs of monozygotic and 267 pairs of dizygotic twins.After logarithm transformed,uric acid in males ( 17.47±1.91 ) was significantly higher than in females ( 15.22±1.70,P＜0.0001 ).After adjustment on age,sex and BMI,intraclass correlations for uric acid were 0.70 for monozygotic twins and 0.40 for dizygotic twins.The sex-limitation AE model,combining additive genetic and unique environmental factors,could produce the best fit for the data.Heritability estimate for uric acid was 70.5% (95% CI:65.9-74.6),with the proportion of unique environmental effects as 29.5%(95%CI:25.4-34.2).Conclusion Additive genetic effects appeared to be the major contributor to the variation of uric acid in this twins sample being studied.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the method and the outcome of the acetabular reconstruction in the Crowe III dysplastic hip.

METHODSFrom January 2001 to June 2007, 43 cases (54 hips) were diagnosed osteoarthritis secondary to Crowe III dysplastic hip. Total hip arthroplasty was performed in all cases. The Harris score was 39 pre-operation. The method of the acetabular reconstruction included acetabular deepening (group A), medial-wall osteotomy (group B), femoral head bone grafting (group C). Radiography data and Harris score were taken to evaluate the clinical outcome.

RESULTSThe method of the acetabular reconstruction included acetabular deepening in 27 cases (34 hips), medial-wall osteotomy in 12 cases (15 hips), femoral head bone grafting in 4 cases (5 hips). Forty cases were followed up by the mean time of 29 months. The bone union time of the osteotomy and bone grafting were 4 - 5 months postoperation. In the three groups the obliquity angle of the cup were (41.0 +/- 7.5) degrees , (46.0 +/- 7.7) degrees , (39.0 +/- 11.0) degrees ; the anteversion angle of the cup were (10.0 +/- 2.8) degrees , (9.0 +/- 2.5) degrees , (4.0 +/- 1.9) degrees ; the rotation center of the hip was shift superiorly (8.4 +/- 3.6) mm, (7.3 +/- 2.6) mm, (1.2 +/- 0.5) mm; the rotation center of the hip were shift internally (7.0 +/- 1.5) mm, (9.9 +/- 1.7) mm, (-2.7 +/- 1.2) mm, and the Harris score were 89, 91, 86 at the follow up. The complication included deep venous thrombosis in 2 cases, pulmonary embolism in 2 cases, sciatic nerve palsy in 4 cases.

CONCLUSIONAcetabular deepening, medial-wall osteotomy, femoral head bone grafting can be used in reconstruction of the acetabular in the Crowe III dysplastic hip.

Acetabulum ; surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; methods ; Bone Transplantation ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip Dislocation, Congenital ; complications ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis, Hip ; etiology ; surgery ; Osteotomy ; Treatment Outcome