AIM:To observe the structural basis of ocular motility abnormalities in patients with congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles type Ⅰ ( CFEOM Ⅰ) due to missense mutations in the developmental kinesin KIF21A using high - resolution magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) .
METHODS: Totally 11 affected individuals reported KIF21A mutations were correlated with MRI studies demonstrating extraocular muscles ( EOMs ) size, location, contractility, and innervation. EOMs and the motor nerve in the orbits were imaged with T1 weighted in a triplanar scan using a dual-phased coils with 2. 0mm thick. Motor nerves were imaged at the brainstem using head coils and 3D-FIESTA with 0. 6-mm thick.
RESULTS: Patients with CFEOM Ⅰ exhibited different degrees of hypoplasia of oculomotor nerve, the abducens nerve and the trochlear nerve were also affected, of which 8 cases of orbital section could see the signal of abnormal nerve dominated by oculomotor nerve to lateral rectus. The both sides of six EOMS in all patients exhibited variable atrophy and abnormal bright internal signal on T1 imaging, particularly severe for the superior rectus and levator muscles.
CONCLUSION: High - resolution MRI can directly demonstrate pathology of motor nerves,affected EOMs, and ‘Pulley' hypoplasia caused by CFEOM Ⅰ due to mutations in KIF21A,and these findings suggest that the neuronal hypoplasia is the etiological factor of CFEOM.

Caused by Helminthosporium carposaprum, tomato brown lea f spot was a serious disease in green house in Henan Province. The condition for promoting sporulation of fungi were tested in this paper. The results showed th at the number of sporulation were different on the different medium,the fungi c ould sporulate a lot on the PDA+tomato leaf and Czapek medium, but V8、PSA and t omato juice restrained sporulation.The best carbon source and nitrogen source f or the fungi promoting sporulation were fructose and ammonium chloride respectiv ely,mannitol and Peptone ammonium sulfate restrained sporulation. Light and ult raviolet radiation were in favor of sporulation , ultraviolet radiation irradiat ing for 60～80min promoted sporulation. The fungi were promoted sporulation on the condition of lower or higher temperature and alkalescence,which 15℃o r 30℃,pH 8～9.

Objective - ，，，，，- - - To establish a gas chromatographic method for the determination of trans 1 1 1 4 4 4 hexafluoro 2 ［ - （）］ Methods - （） butene HFO 1366mzz E in workplace air. HFO 1366mzz E in air was directly collected with aluminum foil ， ， ， composite plastic bag separated by dimethylpolysiloxane capillary column detected by flame ionization detector and Results - （） - 3， quantified with external standard method. The linear range of HFO 1366mzz E was 6.82 68 200.00 mg/m with the 3， correlation coefficient of 0.999 9. The detection limit and the lower limit of quantitation were 0.59 and 1.98 mg/m respectively. - - - The recovery rate was within 95.45% 103.05%. The relative standard deviation of within batch precision and between batch - - ， precision were 2.26% 5.07% and 4.09% 6.82% respectively. The samples can be stored at room temperature for at least seven Conclusion ， ， days. This method is simple to use with a wide linear range low detection limit high accuracy and precision and - （） good sample stability. It can be used for the detection of HFO 1366mzz E in the air of workplace

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of compound tianpupian (TPP) and its compositions against oxidative damage in mouse erythrocytes. The protective effect of TPP and its compositions against the red cell hemolysis induced by (2)O(2) or auto-oxidation were observed by scanning electron microscopy and spectrophotomety. The result indicated that compound TPP and all of its four components including extract of Rhodiola sachalinensis, Grape Seed Extract proanthocyanidins, Acanthopanax senticosus extract, and tea polyphenols had significant inhibitory activities for the oxidative damage of mouse erythrocytes, out of which the Grape seed extract proanthocyanidins showed the maximal protective effect. It is concluded that compound TPP can protect erythrocytes against oxidative stress and can be used as a valuable Chinese traditional medicine.
Animals ; Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Erythrocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Grape Seed Extract ; pharmacology ; Hemolysis ; drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Proanthocyanidins ; pharmacology ; Rhodiola

Objective To observe the expression changes of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ(PPARγ) following the secondary injuries in rats with spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods Seventy-two male SD rats were equally randomized into control group and SCI group. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) was performed to detect the mRNA expression changes of PPARγ on the 1st, 3nd, 7th 14th, 28th and 56th d of SCI. Western blotting wasemployed to detect the protein expression changes of PPARγ Results Compared with those in the control group, the mRNA and protein expressions of PPARγ in the SCI group on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th and 28th d of SCI were significantly increased (P＜0.05), reaching its peak level 14 d after SCI; on the 56th d of SCI, their expression levels in the SCI group were still higher than those in the control group, but no significant differences were noted (P＞0.05). Conclusion The expressions of PPARγare significantly increased following secondary injuries in rats with spinal cord injury, reaching its peak level 14 d after SCI.

OBJECTIVETo observe the protective effect of Acanthopanax senticosus saponins (ASS) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

METHODThe myocardial ischemia-reperfusion model was induced by 30 min left anterior descending coronary occlusion and 120 min reperfusion in rats. The changes of myocardial infarct size (MIS), the serum creatine phosphokinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, the serum lipid peroxidation (LPO) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and plasma endothelin (ET), angiotensin II (Ang II), prostacycline (PGI2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) levels and myocardial free fatty acid (FFA) content of infarct and noninfarct area were determined.

RESULTIn rats treated by ASS (in a dosage of 25, 50 and 100 mg x kg(-1) i.v. at 30 min after coronary occulusion), the MIS was significantly reduced, the serum CK and LDH activity, the plasma ET, Ang II and TXA2 level and myocardial FFA content declined, while plasma PGI2 level and PGI2/TXA2 was increased signficantly. In addition, serum LPO content declined, SOD and GSH-Px activity were increased markedly.

CONCLUSIONASS has protective effect on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, which may be due to its function of improving free radicals and myocardial metabolism, decreasing plasma ET, Ang II and TXA2 levels and increasing plasma PGI2 level and PGI2/TXA2 ratio etc.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Eleutherococcus ; chemistry ; Female ; Male ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; pathology ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; pathology ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Saponins ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVE Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant primary tumor of the central nervous system and is associated with a very poor prognosis. No further improvements in outcomes have been reported since radiotherapy-temozolomide therapy was introduced.Therefore,de-veloping new agents to treat GBM is important. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-tumor effect of evodiamine (Evo) on GBM cells, and to determine the underlying mechanisms involved. METHODS U251,LN229,HEB and PC12 cells were treated with various concentrations of evodiamine for 24 and 48 hours,cell viability was measured by MTT assay.The U251 and LN229 cells were treated with evo-diamine(0-10 μmol·L-1)for 24 h,and then stained with Hoechst 33258.An Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Detection Kit was used to detect apoptosis in the cells.Reactive oxygen species(ROS)production was detected using dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining. The changes in mitochondrial mem-brane potential (MMP) were assessed by JC-1 after cells were treated with evodiamine. The expres-sion levels of p-PI3K,PI3K,p-Akt,Akt,Bax,Bcl-2,p-p38,p38,p-JNK,JNK,p-ERK,ERK,Cytochrome c, Caspase-3, cleaved Caspase-3, PRAP, and cleaved PARP were measured by Western blot analy-ses. RESULTS According to MTT assay results, Evo significantly inhibited the cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analyses revealed that Evo induced cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner.Moreover,Evo induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) disruption. Finally, Evo induced apoptosis in cancer cells by suppressing PI3K/AKT signaling and inducing MAPK phos-phorylation(p38 and JNK,but not ERK)to regulate apoptotic proteins(Bax,Bcl-2,Cytochrome c,Cas-pase-3, and PARP). CONCLUSION In summary, Evo inhibits cell proliferation by inducing cellular apoptosis via suppressing PI3K/AKT and activating MAPK in GBM;these results indicate that Evo may be regarded as a new approach for GBM treatment.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of determining the breast cancer extension with diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI)and the apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC).Methods Fifty-nine lesions(57 patients)were studied by using DWI and ADC measurement before surgical excision.The cancer extension was investigated on ADC maps with different b values(b=500 and 1000 s?mm~(-2))according to the threshold values discussed before.The lesion extension on dynamic enhanced images and on DWI was used for comparison.The tumor extension was determined by calculating two lines.Line one:the maximum diameter of lesion.Line two:perpendicular line crossing the midpoint of line one.All measurement was compared with the pathologic specimen.Results(1)There were 48 invasive ductal carcinomas,6 ductal carcinomas in situ with small invasive foci,3 mucinous carcinomas,and 2 medullary carcinomas.(2)The low ADC value on ADC maps at b=500 and 1000 s?mm~(-2)was described as cancer extension.The measurement results were compared to pathologic figures and the pattern of correlation was categorized into 3 groups:Group 1,the area of low ADC values was almost the same as the pathological tumor extension; Group 2(overdiagnosis),the area of low ADC values was wider and more than 20% larger than the area of tumor extension;Group 3(false negative),no area of low ADC value was observed.There were no significant difference between DWI with b of 500 and b of 1000 s?mm~(-2)(X~2=0.160,P=0.689;X~2= 0.172,P=0.679)in Groups 1 and Group 3.There were 2 lesions in Group 2,which were consistent in DWI with b of 500 and b of 1000 s?mm~(-2).There were 14 misdiagnosed lesions,including overdiagnosis in 2 lesions and false negative in 12 lesions.Eight lesions measured at DWI with b of 500 and b of 1000 s? mm~(-2)were not consistent.Five lesions were diagnosed correctly at DWI with b of 500 s?mm~(-2),three of them were duetal carcinomas in situ with small invasive foci.(3)The extension of lesion on dynamic enhanced imaging was measured at 4 minutes after enhancement,and was compared with the extension measured at the same slice on DWI map.Pathologic figures were regarded as the gold standard.The extension of 47 lesions(80%)on enhanced images accorded with DWI.The abnormal area on DWI,which was consistent with pathologic figures,was wider than the area on enhanced images in 8 lesions.Of them,3 lesions were mucinous carcinomas and 5 lesions were grade 3 invasive ductal carcinomas.Conclusion DWI and ADC value have the potential in evaluating the cancer extension.The accuracy of extension measured on DWI map was better than that on dynamic enhanced images for some kinds of breast cancers.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of osteopontin (OPN) on the invasion and metastasis of human hapatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

METHODSHCC cell lines (HCC-LM3) were transfected with the chemically synthesized small interfering RNA (siRNA). Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to quantify the mRNA and OPN protein levels. The malignant phenotypes including cellular growth, colony formation and invasion capability of the HCC cells were analyzed.

RESULTSThe OPN mRNA and proteins levels were decreased by 75% and 80% in OPN siRNA treated cells. Colony formation and migratory capability were reduced in OPN siRNA treated cells (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe specific siRNA is able to reduce the OPN expression at both the mRNA and protein levels and significantly inhibits the invasiveness of HCC cells.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; prevention & control ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; prevention & control ; Osteopontin ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Transfection